Longitudinal trends of body composition in Anorexia Nervosa: Cardiac functioning impacts the restoration of fat-free mass at three-months follow-up.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Predictors of outcomes are needed in order to improve the clinical management of patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The present study evaluated whether cardiac dysfunction might be associated with different longitudinal outcomes of AN. METHODS AND RESULTS: A sample of 35 patients with AN (11 restricting, 24 binge-purging- age range 16-28 years old) and 42 healthy controls (18-29 years old) were evaluated in terms of psychometric variables, Body Mass Index (BMI), body composition (by bioimpedance analysis, namely: Fat-Free Mass - FFM, Fat Mass - FM, Body Cell Mass - BCM, Phase Angle - PhA) and cardiac functioning (left ventricular ejection fraction - LVEF; global longitudinal strain - LVGLS). FM was significantly and negatively associated with eating psychopathology (weight and shape concerns, b -0.523, p 0.029; and shape concerns b -0.578, p0.015), while cardiac dysfunction (LVGLS > -18%) was positively associated with dietary restraints (b 1.253, p 0.043). LVEF, in turn, was positively associated with BCM (b 0.721, p 0.008) and FFM (b 0.779, p 0.039). Cardiac dysfunction negatively impacted the effect of nutritional rehabilitation, as those patients reporting reduced LVGLS showed lower FFM (b -4.410, p 0.011), FM (b -1.495, p 0.003) and BCM (b -2.205, p 0.015) at follow-up after three months. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results showed that cardiac functioning might represent an early predictor of cachexia and chronicity, while body composition seems to be a more accurate measure for evaluating the recovery process of patients with AN.

Sonographic Features of Rectus Femoris Muscle in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Their Correlation with Body Composition Parameters and Muscle Strength: Results of a Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aimed to describe sonographic features of rectus femoris muscle (RFM) in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) and their correlation with body composition parameters and muscle strength. A total of 67 patients with MASLD underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), bioimpedance analysis (BIA), muscle strength measurement (grip strength [GS] and chair stand test [CST]), and ultrasound (US) investigation of the RFM in the dominant thigh using a 4 to 18 MHz linear probe. MASLD patients exhibited increased RFM echogenicity, possibly due to fatty infiltration. We confirmed that the greater the subcutaneous fat thickness, the smaller was the muscle mass (p < 0.001), and the lower was the muscle strength (p < 0.001 for GS and p = 0.002 for CST). On the contrary, the greater the anteroposterior diameter (APD) of RFM, the higher was the muscle mass (p < 0.001), and the greater was the muscle strength (p < 0.001 for GS and p = 0.007 for CST). In addition, APD of the RFM and stiffness of RFM exhibited direct correlation with bone mineral density values of the lumbar spine (p = 0.005 for both GS and CST). We concluded that US investigation of the RFM in the dominant thigh can be helpful in identifying MASLD patients at a high risk of musculoskeletal disorders given repeated point-of-care clinical evaluations.

Comparing body composition measures in children with end stage liver disease using noninvasive bioimpedance analysis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic liver disease (CLD) in children, often leads to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease (ESLD). CLD poses significant challenges in management and prognosis. Assessing body composition, including sarcopenia, is increasingly recognized as important in understanding outcomes in this population. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study, involving children aged 2 to 18 years with ESLD awaiting liver transplantation. Socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, and body composition was assessed using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Sarcopenia was defined using age-specific cut-off points for appendicular skeletal muscle mass (aSMM) and fat-free mass (FFM). RESULTS: The study included 57 children (42.1% girls, 57.9% boys; median age: 10.9 years) with liver cirrhosis. Of them 11 (19.3%) died during the study. The mean duration of living with end-stage liver disease prior to participation was 5.43 years [IQR: 3.32, 8.39]. The most common etiology was biliary atresia (24.6%), followed by cryptogenic (22.8%). Deceased children exhibited significantly higher sarcopenia prevalence, lower basal metabolic rate and growth scores compared to survivors (P < 0.05), (771.0 vs. 934.0, P = 0.166) (65.0 vs. 80.5, P = 0.005). Total body and limb-specified lean mass were lower in deceased children, although not statistically significant. Similarly, total mineral (90% normal) and bone mineral content were lower in deceased children, with a significant difference observed only in water-to-FFM percentage (72.5 vs. 73.1, P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the high prevalence of sarcopenia among children with ESLD and its association with adverse outcomes, including mortality. Bioimpedance analysis emerges as a promising, non-invasive method for assessing body composition in pediatric ESLD, warranting further investigation and integration into clinical practice.

The effect of protein administration during critical illness depends on body composition: A secondary analysis of a prospective, observational study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The most adequate amount of protein that should be administered to critically ill patients is still debated and diverging findings are recently accumulating. We hypothesized that the effect of protein administration might depend on the amount of muscle mass. METHODS: A secondary analysis of a single-centre prospective observational study of body composition in critically ill patients. Mechanically-ventilated subjects with an expected intensive care unit (ICU) stay >72 h were enrolled. Within 24 h from ICU admission, bioimpedance-derived muscle mass (BIA MM) and rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RF CSA) were measured. The amount of proteins and calories administered on the 7th ICU day was recorded. RESULTS: We enrolled 94 subjects (65 males, actual body weight 72.9 ± 14.4 Kg, BMI 26.0 ± 4.8 kg/m2). Actual body weight was only weakly related to BIA MM (R = 0.478, p < 0.001) and not related to RF CSA (R = 0.114, p = 0.276). A higher protein intake was associated with a reduced mortality in the highest quartile of BIA MM (OR 0.68 [0.46; 0.99] per each 10 g of proteins administered) and in the third (OR 0.74 [0.57; 0.98]) and highest quartile of RF CSA (OR 0.68 [0.48; 0.96]). CONCLUSION: A higher protein intake was associated with lower ICU mortality only in patients admitted with a higher muscle mass, as either assessed by BIA or muscle ultrasound.

[Bioimpedance analysis of body composition and rest energy expenditure in highly trained cross-country skiers].

The body composition monitoring using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is important in assessing the functional state of athletes in sports. Based on changes of body composition, it is possible to optimize the actual dietary intake, as well as successfully organize the training process. The purpose of this research was to conduct a comparative assessment of BIA parameters and rest energy expenditure (REE) in highly trained cross-country skiers and young non-athletes. Material and methods. The members of the national cross-country skiing team from the Komi Republic and Russian Federation (n=30; age - 22.3±2.7 years) were examined. Practically healthy medical students served as a control group for the present study (n=40; age - 20.2±2.4 years). The participants successively passed the following study steps: assessment of the body composition by BIA (ACCUNIQ BC380), REE determination by indirect non-fasting calorimetry and calculation technique. Results. The parameters of total body water, fat-free mass, lean tissue and body cell mass were higher in contrast to the fat mass percentage in the athletes (р<0.001). The calculated REE was lower than measured REE among all the participants. At the same time, the REE calculated by the Ketch-McArdle formula significantly differed between the groups, while no differences were found between the REE calculated by the Harris-Benedict prediction equation. The measured REE were significantly higher by 16% (p<0.001) i n athletes compared to those in the control group. Conclusion. The body composition of athletes was distinguished by a significantly higher amounts of total body water, fat-free mass, skeletal muscle, active cell mass, and lower percentage of fat mass compared to healthy untrained individuals. The results obtained among athletes coincided with the idea that the magnitude of REE is determined by the mass of metabolically active tissues and to a lesser extent depends on the fat mass. BIA results can be used to monitor athletes' body composition during the training process.

Association of bioimpedance analysis parameters trajectories with clinical outcomes in neurocritical patients.

Background and objective: Neurocritical patients often experience uncontrolled high catabolic metabolism state during the acuta phase of the disease. The complex interactions of neuroendocrine, inflammation, and immune system lead to massive protein breakdown and changes in body composition. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) evaluates the content and proportions of body components based on the principles of bioelectricity. Its parameters reflect the overall health status of the body and the integrity of cellular structure and function, playing an important role in assessing the disease status and predicting prognosis of such patients. This study explored the association of BIA parameters trajectories with clinical outcomes in neurocritical patients. Methods: This study prospectively collected BIA parameters of 127 neurocritical patients in the Department of Neurology admitted to the NICU for the first 1-7 days. All these patients were adults (≥18 years old) experiencing their first onset of illness and were in the acute phase of the disease. The group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM), which aims to identify individuals following similar developmental trajectories, was used to identify potential subgroups of individuals based on BIA parameters. The short-term prognosis of patients in each trajectory group with variations in phase angle (PA) and extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) over time was differentially analyzed, and the logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between potential trajectory groups of PA and ECW/TBW and the short-term prognosis of neurocritical patients. The outcome was Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at discharge. Results: Four PA trajectories and four ECW/TBW trajectories were detected respectively in neurocritical patients. Among them, compared with the other latent subgroups, the "Low PA rapidly decreasing subgroup" and the "High ECW/TBW slowly rising subgroup" had higher incidences of adverse outcomes at discharge (GOS:1-3), in-hospital mortality, and length of neurology intensive care unit stay (all P < 0.05). After correcting for potential confounders, compared with the "Low PA rapidly decreasing subgroup", the risk of adverse outcome (GOS:1-3) was lower in the other three PA trajectories, with OR values of 0.0003, 0.0004, and 0.003 respectively (all P < 0.05). Compared with the "High ECW/TBW slowly rising subgroup", the risk of adverse outcome (GOS:1-3) was lower in the other three ECW/TBW trajectories, with OR values of 0.013, 0.035 and 0.038 respectively (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Latent PA trajectories and latent ECW/TBW trajectories during 1-7 days after admission were associated with the clinical outcomes of neurocritical patients. The risk of adverse outcomes was highest in the "Low PA rapidly decreasing subgroup" and the "High ECW/TBW slowly rising subgroup". These results reflected the overall health status and nutritional condition of neurocritical patients at the onset of the disease, and demonstrated the dynamic change process in body composition caused by the inflammatory response during the acute phase of the disease. This provided a reference basis for the observation and prognostic evaluation of such patients.

Bioimpedance analysis for identifying new indicators of exercise-induced muscle damage.

A noninvasive, immediate, and convenient method for assessing muscle tissue status during exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) has not been established. This study was designed to assess and determine parameters suitable for measuring EIMD after eccentric exercise, using multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Thirty-five young male participants performed dumbbell exercises with their left arm, and their BIA parameters were measured at various time points up to 168 h post exercise using a multi-frequency BIA device. At all-time points, intra and extracellular water content was greater in the left arm than in the right arm, whereas the impedance, reactance, resistance, and phase angle were lower in the left arm than in the right arm. Established EIMD indices, such as maximal isometric voluntary contraction, were measured and used in correlational analyses. Only reactance was correlated with biomarkers, indicating muscle damage (r = - 0.56 to - 0.49). Furthermore, reactance was found to correlate well with indirect indicators of EIMD, suggesting that it may be a suitable marker for evaluating EIMD. However, the relationship with the limited evaluation indices employed in this study is constrained. Future studies should investigate the correlation between reactance and direct damage indicators, such as structural damage, observed in biopsies.

The Effect of Passive Dehydration on Phase Angle and Body Composition: A Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method used to estimate body composition, and it relies mainly on the body's water content. Insufficient body water can introduce bias to body composition scores. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of body weight loss elicited by passive dehydration on body composition scores, including phase angle (PhA). METHODS: Twenty-five euhydrated apparently healthy and physically active men's (age = 22.6 ± 3.3 yr.; body mass = 76.7 ± 15.9 kg; height = 172.0 ± 6.3 cm) body composition variables and PhA were measured before and after sitting quietly for 5 h in a controlled environment (26.6 ± 1.7 °C, 72 ± 4.9%RH). RESULTS: It was found that five hours of passive dehydration caused a loss in body weight (Δ = 0.76 ± 0.34 kg, p < 0.05) and a decrease in body fat estimation (Δ = 0.90 ± 0.87 kg, p < 0.001). Additionally, an increase in ECW (Δ = 0.12 ± 0.30 L, p < 0.021) and PhA (Δ = 0.10 ± 0.15°, p < 0.005) was observed. CONCLUSION: Body weight loss due to passive dehydration decreased BIA-derived fat mass, and increased extracellular water and PhA in physically active and apparently healthy men. Nonetheless, these changes had a negligible effect on the accuracy of the equipment, rendering them clinically insignificant.

The association between the change in severity score from baseline and the outcomes of critically ill patients was enhanced by integration of bioimpedance analysis parameters.

The study of the outcomes of critically ill patients has been a hard stuff in the field of intensive care. To explore the relationship between changes of severity scores, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and outcomes of critically ill patients, we enrolled patients (n = 206) admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) in Jinling Hospital from 2018 to 2021 with records of BIA on the days 1- and 3- ICU. Collected BIA and clinical data including simplified acute physiology score II (SAPS II) and sequential organ failure assessment. According to the baseline and change of severity scores or phase angle (PA) values, the patients were divided into: G-G, baseline good status, 3rd day unchanged; G-B, baseline good status, 3rd day deteriorated; B-G, baseline bad status, 3rd day improved; and B-B, baseline bad status, 3rd day unchanged. According to PA, the mortality of group G-G was 8.6%, and it was greater than 50% in group B-B for severity scores. The new score combining PA and severity scores established. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PA-SAPS II score was the only independent factor for 90-day mortality (P < 0.05). A linear correlation was found between mortality and PA-SAPS II score (prediction equation: Y ( % ) = 16.97 × X - 9.67 , R2 = 0.96, P < 0.05).

Phase angle as an indicator of body composition and physical performance in handball players.

BACKGROUND: Phase angle (PhA), obtained from the bioimpedance analysis, is widely used in clinical situations and in sports. This study evaluated the association between PhA with body composition and physical performance of handball athletes. METHODS: 43 national-level players (22.19 ± 3.86 years) of both sexes were evaluated regarding anthropometry, body composition, squat (SJ) and countermovement (CMJ) jumps, handgrip strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness. RESULTS: We verified a correlation between PhA of the whole body and fat-free mass (r = 0.511), body mass index (r = 0.307), and body fat % (r = -0.303). There was a positive correlation between PhA of the whole body and SJ (r = 0.376), CMJ (r = 0.419), and handgrip for the dominant hand (r = 0.448). Moreover, PhA of the upper limbs was more strongly correlated with handgrip for the dominant (r = 0.630) and non-dominant hand (r = 0.575) compared to PhA of the whole body considering both sexes. Similarly, segmental PhA had a stronger significant correlation with SJ (r = 0.402) and handgrip for the dominant hand (r = 0.482) in males, as well as CMJ (r = 0.602) in females, compared to PhA of the whole body. CONCLUSION: PhA of the whole body was positively related to fat-free mass, body mass index, body fat %, and lower- and upper-limbs strength in handball athletes. Segmental PhA might be used as a tool for estimating lower and upper limbs performance considering the sex, in preference to the PhA of the whole body.

[Metabolic features of the inflammatory syndrome of chronic pelvic pain (category IIIA of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis) in young men, depending on the somatotype].

PURPOSE: dentification of bioimpedance and clinical features in young men with chronic pelvic pain inflammatory syndrome (CP/CPPS NIH IIIa) depending on the somatotype. METHOD: s. 150 men of the first period of adulthood from 22 to 35 years old with CP/CPPS NIH IIIa were examined from 2018 to 2022 years. The average age was 31 [28; 34] year. Somatotypes were computed according to Carter and Heath. Body composition was assessed anthropometry and bioimpedance analysis. RESULTS: Ectomorphs had the least clinical, laboratory and instrumental manifestations of CP/CPPS NIH IIIa, the levels of total and free testosterone were the highest. The active cell mass predominated in the component composition of the body. Manifestations in mesomorphs had a moderate degree of severity. Endomorphs had the most severe manifestations of CP/CPPS NIH IIIa, the largest amount of fat mass was noted in the body composition than in men of other somatotypes, the hormonal status was characterized by the lowest levels of free and total testosterone, and the highest level of estradiol. DISCUSSION: Based on the literature data and our own results, it can be assumed that the identified changes in the body component composition and hormonal status of men contribute to the maintenance of chronic inflammation in the prostate, organ ischemia, impaired intracranial metabolism, recurrent course of CP/CPPS NIH IIIa, which significantly reduces the patients quality of life and increases the risk of prostate inflammation with age. CONCLUSION: Determining the somatotype and conducting a component analysis of body composition allows patients to be divided into groups according to the severity of manifestations of CP/CPPS NIH IIIa. The revealed patterns allow us to classify male endomorphs into the group with the most severe manifestations of CP/CPPS NIH IIIa.

Association between the Thickness or Area of the Temporal Muscle and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Bioimpedance Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia associated with stroke can significantly impact patient prognosis; however, the current standard diagnostic methods for sarcopenia are rarely used in stroke patients. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate whether the temporal muscle thickness (TMT) or area (TMA) could serve as a surrogate marker for measuring skeletal muscle mass. METHODS: This retrospective chart review study was conducted on 244 participants from March 2018 to February 2020. The TMT and TMA were measured at the supraorbital roof level using brain CT or T1-weighted MR imaging obtained from participants. The skeletal muscle mass and skeletal muscle index (SMI) and whole-body phase angle (WBPA) at 50 kHz were collected. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between the TMT or TMA and the results of the bioimpedance analysis. RESULTS: The mean TMT showed significant positive correlations with skeletal muscle mass (male, r = 0.520; female, r = 0.706), SMI (male, r = 0.426; female, r = 0.582), and WBPA (male, r = 0.295; female, r = 0.232). The mean TMA showed significant positive correlations with skeletal muscle mass (male, r = 0.490; female, r = 0.657), SMI (male, r = 0.289; female, r = 0.473), and WBPA (male, r = 0.232; female, r = 0.243). CONCLUSION: We observed moderate to strong positive correlations between body composition analysis measured by BIA and TMT or TMA, suggesting that TMT or TMA could serve as a reliable surrogate marker for identifying low skeletal muscle mass in cerebrovascular disease.

Impact of body composition on clinical outcomes in patients with active radiographic axial spondyloarthritis under biological therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of body composition, evaluated by bioimpedance analysis (BIA), with disease activity, physical function, and mobility in patients with axSpA undergoing bDMARD treatment for one year. METHODS: Patients with AS (radiographic axSpA) were enrolled in an extension of the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort (GESPIC). Patients were required to be candidates for bDMARD therapy at baseline presenting high disease activity despite previous treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Outcomes (disease activity, function, and mobility) and body composition parameters were assessed at baseline and every 6 months thereafter. Body composition was assessed by BIA. The association between body composition parameters and outcomes over 1 year was analyzed using longitudinal generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients with radiographic axSpA were included in current analysis with a mean age of 36.5 years, disease duration of 6.2 years and ASDAS-CRP score of 3.4 at baseline. Fat mass value and fat mass index were positively associated with disease activity (ASDAS: ß = 0.01, 95% CI [-0.01, 0.03] and ß = 0.04, 95% CI [-0.01, 0.08], respectively) and functional disability (BASFI). Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was associated with reduced spine mobility (BASMI: ß = 0.20, 95% CI [0.07, 0.33]). Additionally, increase in VAT and fat mass parameters was linked to worse disease activity and functional disability in women, while they were strongly associated with reduced spinal mobility in men. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of body fat and VAT were positively associated with increased disease activity, functional disability, and reduced spinal mobility in patients with radiographic axSpA treated with bDMARDs.

Quantitative analysis of the effect of docetaxel-induced edema on quality of life in patients with breast cancer and related factors: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Systemic edema is an adverse effect of docetaxel chemotherapy and causes distress to patients, including those receiving this agent for breast cancer. However, its characteristics and factors related to its effect on quality of life (QoL) have not been adequately investigated. In this study, we assessed systemic edema quantitatively, explored related factors, and evaluated QoL in patients receiving docetaxel for breast cancer. METHODS: The study had a prospective cohort design and included 37 patients with no known history of swelling who were treated with docetaxel between September 2019 and April 2022. Patients were examined at the start, middle, and end of their course of treatment and 1 and 2 months later. Body water content, body mass, fat mass, and muscle mass were quantified using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Systemic edema was evaluated with reference to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. The timing of development of systemic edema at any anatomical site that was grade 2 or worse was recorded. QoL was assessed using the Quality of Life-Anti Cancer Drug scale. Nutrition was evaluated using the Brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify related factors. QoL was also compared between patients with edema and those without edema. RESULTS: Systemic edema developed in 67% of the study participants and was most prevalent at the end of treatment. Body fat mass (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.802, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.651-0.988, p = 0.038), disease stage (aOR 3.279, 95% CI 0.493-21.793, p = 0.219), and history of alcohol consumption (aOR 0.141, 95% CI 0.013-1.521, p = 0.106) were identified as risk factors for docetaxel-induced edema. Participants who developed systemic edema experienced more physical, vital, and emotional distress 1 month after treatment than those who did not. There was no association between systemic edema and nutrition. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic edema may develop after treatment with docetaxel and increase distress in patients with a high body fat mass. Patients at risk of systemic edema should be informed in advance about the potential frequency, location, and timing of its onset and encouraged to self-manage this condition.

A screening method for mild cognitive impairment in elderly individuals combining bioimpedance and MMSE.

We investigated a screening method for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that combined bioimpedance features and the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) score. Data were collected from 539 subjects aged 60 years or older at the Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias (GARD) Cohort Research Center, A total of 470 participants were used for the analysis, including 318 normal controls and 152 MCI participants. We measured bioimpedance, K-MMSE, and the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB-II). We developed a multiple linear regression model to predict MCI by combining bioimpedance variables and K-MMSE total score and compared the model's accuracy with SNSB-II domain scores by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). We additionally compared the model performance with several machine learning models such as extreme gradient boosting, random forest, support vector machine, and elastic net. To test the model performances, the dataset was divided into a training set (70%) and a test set (30%). The AUROC values of SNSB-II scores were 0.803 in both sexes, 0.840 for males, and 0.770 for females. In the combined model, the AUROC values were 0.790 (0.773) for males (and females), which were significantly higher than those from the model including MMSE scores alone (0.723 for males and 0.622 for females) or bioimpedance variables alone (0.640 for males and 0.615 for females). Furthermore, the accuracies of the combined model were comparable to those of machine learning models. The bioimpedance-MMSE combined model effectively distinguished the MCI participants and suggests a technique for rapid and improved screening of the elderly population at risk of cognitive impairment.

Bioimpedance-assessed muscle wasting and its relation to nutritional intake during the first week of ICU: a pre-planned secondary analysis of Nutriti Study.

BACKGROUND: Muscle mass evaluation in ICU is crucial since its loss is related with long term complications, including physical impairment. However, quantifying muscle wasting with available bedside tools (ultrasound and bioimpedance analysis) must be more primarily understood. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) provides estimates of muscle mass and phase angle (PA). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate muscle mass changes with bioimpedance analysis during the first 7 days after ICU admission. Secondary aims searched for correlations between muscular loss and caloric and protein debt. METHODS: Patients with an expected ICU-stay ≥ 72 h and the need for artificial nutritional support were evaluated for study inclusion. BIA evaluation of muscle mass and phase angle were performed at ICU admission and after 7 days. Considering the difference between ideal caloric and protein targets, with adequate nutritional macronutrients delivered, we calculated the caloric and protein debt. We analyzed the potential correlation between caloric and protein debt and changes in muscle mass and phase angle. RESULTS: 72 patients from September 1st to October 30th, 2019 and from August 1st to October 30th, 2021 were included in the final statistical analysis. Median age was 68 [59-77] years, mainly men (72%) admitted due to respiratory failure (25%), and requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for 7 [4-10] days. Median ICU stay was 8 [6-12] days. Bioimpedance data at ICU admission and after 7 days showed that MM and PA resulted significantly reduced after 7 days of critically illness, 34.3 kg vs 30.6 kg (p < 0.0001) and 4.90° vs 4.35° (p = 0.0004) respectively. Mean muscle loss was 3.84 ± 6.7 kg, accounting for 8.4% [1-14] MM reduction. Correlation between caloric debt (r = 0.14, p = 0.13) and protein debt (r = 0.18, p = 0.13) with change in MM was absent. Similarly, no correlation was found between caloric debt (r = -0.057, p = 0.631) and protein debt (r = -0.095, p = 0.424) with changes in PA. CONCLUSIONS: bioimpedance analysis demonstrated that muscle mass and phase angle were significantly lower after 7 days in ICU. The total amount of calories and proteins does not correlate with changes in muscle mass and phase angle.

The value of bioimpedance analysis in the assessment of hydration and nutritional status in children on chronic peritoneal dialysis.

Bioimpedance analysis (BIA)-body composition monitoring (BCM) has been used to evaluate the hydration and nutritional status of adults and children on dialysis. However, its clinical application still has challenges, so further exploration is valuable. We used BIA-BCM to evaluate the hydration and nutritional status of children undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis from 1 July 2021 to 31 December 2022 in the Children's Hospital of Fudan University to explore the clinical value of this method. A total of 84 children on chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) were included. In the PD group, 16 (19.05%) and 31 (36.90%) had mild and severe overhydration (OH), respectively; 41.27% (26/63) had a low lean tissue index (LTI). In the PD group, patients with relative OH (Re-OH) > 5.6% had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and SBP z score (SBPz). Patients with LTI > 12% had significantly higher body mass index (BMI) and BMI z score (BMIz). Canonical correlation analysis indicated a linear relationship (ρ = 0.708) between BIA-BCM hydration and the clinical hydration indicator and a linear relationship (ρ = 0.995) between the BIA-BCM nutritional indicator and the clinical nutritional indicator. A total of 56% of children on chronic peritoneal dialysis had OH, and 41% had a low LTI. In PD patients, SBP and SBPz were correlated with BIA-BCM Re-OH, and BMI and BMIz were correlated with BIA-BCM LTI. BIA-BCM indicators have good clinical value in evaluating hydration and nutrition.

The superiority of bioimpedance vs. echocardiography and pitting edema in predicting automated office blood pressure in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

INTRODUCTION: To achieve optimal blood pressure control in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, identifying methods of volume assessment with the strongest correlation with blood pressure is essential. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 52 CAPD patients were assigned to automated office blood pressure (AOBP) measurement, assessment of pedal pitting edema, bioimpedance analysis (BIA), and inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVCCI%) measurement. Data were analyzed using STATA ver.17, and the significance level was p < 0.05. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients were divided based on their AOBP readings. 29 (55.8%) of patients had uncontrolled AOBP. Overhydration (OH) and the grade of pitting edema were significantly higher in the uncontrolled AOBP group. OH was identified as the best variable for predicting blood pressure (p ≤ 0.001) and detecting uncontrolled blood pressure (AUC = 0.832) using multivariate linear regression and ROC analysis, respectively. CONCLUSION: BIA-derived OH was the best variable for predicting systolic and diastolic AOBP, outperforming IVCCI% and pitting edema.

Assessment of changes in blood volume during lower body negative pressure-induced hypovolemia using bioelectrical impedance analysis.

BACKGROUND: Lower body negative Pressure (LBNP)-induced hypovolemia is simulating acute hemorrhage by sequestrating blood into lower extremities. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is based on the electrical properties of biological tissues, as electrical current flows along highly conductive body tissues (such as blood). Changes in blood volume will lead to changes in bioimpedance. This study aims to study changes in upper (UL) and lower (LL) extremities bioimpedance during LBNP-induced hypovolemia. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of healthy volunteers who underwent gradual LBNP protocol which consisted of 3-minute intervals: at baseline, -15, -30, -45, -60 mmHg, then recovery phases at -30 mmHg and baseline. The UL&LL extremities bioimpedance were measured and recorded at each phase of LBNP and the percentage changes of bioimpedance from baseline were calculated and compared using student's t-test. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Correlation between relative changes in UL&LL bioimpedance and estimated blood loss (EBL) from LBNP was calculated using Pearson correlation. RESULTS: 26 healthy volunteers were enrolled. As LBNP-induced hypovolemia progressed, there were a significant increase in UL bioimpedance and a significant decrease in LL bioimpedance. During recovery phases (where blood was shifted from the legs to the body), there were a significant increase in LL bioimpedance and a reduction in UL bioimpedance. There were significant correlations between estimated blood loss from LBNP model with UL (R = 0.97) and LL bioimpedance (R = - 0.97). CONCLUSION: During LBNP-induced hypovolemia, there were reciprocal changes in UL&LL bioimpedance. These changes reflected hemodynamic compensatory mechanisms to hypovolemia.

Relationship between the phase angle from bioelectrical impedance analysis and daily physical activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the relationship between daily physical activity and the phase angle (PhA) obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS: Data from a prospective cohort study of RA patients who were surveyed every year were analysed. The PhA was assessed by the bioelectrical impedance analysis method, and physical activity was assessed as the amount of time of exercise in metabolic equivalents (METs) per day using a triaxial accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. The association between physical activity and the PhA was evaluated using the isotemporal substitution model in multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-six RA patients were included in the analysis (81% female and age 66.2 ± 13.1 years). On cross-sectional analysis, the isotemporal substitution model in multiple regression analysis showed that the PhA was 0.05 points higher every 10 minutes when activities with intensity of 1 ≤ METs < 2 were replaced by activities with intensity of ≥3 METs (P = .01). Over 1 year, the rate of change in the PhA was 0.69% higher every 10 minutes when activities with intensity of 1 ≤ METs < 2 were replaced by activities with intensity of ≥3 METs (P = .037). CONCLUSION: The PhA in RA patients may be related to physical activity level.