Anestesia neuroaxial y bloqueos regionales: lineamientos de anticoagulación para su aplicación / Neuraxial anesthesia and regional blocks: anticoagulation guidelines for its application

El personal de salud actualmente se enfrenta a múltiples desafíos en su práctica diaria, uno de ellos, es el manejo apropiado de anticoagulación de quienes por distintas causas demandan este tratamiento. Esta revisión bibliográfica ofrece pautas, especialmente para anestesiólogos, sobre el adecuado empleo de anticoagulantes y antiagregantes en pacientes que requieran anestesia/analgesia neuroaxial, bloqueos de plexo, bloqueos periféricos y catéteres; para evitar/prevenir complicaciones potencialmente devastadoras que el sangrado en el neuroaxis o sitios no compresibles podría ocasionar. Se ha basado en las actuales recomendaciones de ASRA 2018

The Health personnel currently face multiple challenges in their daily practice, one of them is the appropriate anticoagulation management of patients, who for various reasons demand this treatment. This literature review offers guidelines, especially for anesthesiologists, on the adequate use of anticoagulants and antiaggregants in patients requiring neuraxial anesthesia / analgesia, plexus blocks, peripheral blocks and catheters; to prevent / avoid potentially devastating complications that bleeding in neuroaxis or non-compressible sites could cause. It has been based on the current recommendations of ASRA 2018

Current practice in regional anaesthesia in South America: An online survey. / Práctica actual de la anestesia regional en América del Sur: encuesta en línea.

OBJECTIVE: A survey was conducted in order to obtain a profile of the practice of regional anesthesia in South America, and determine the limitations of its use. METHODS: After institutional ethics committee approval, a link to an online questionnaire was sent by e-mail to anaesthesiologists in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, and Uruguay. The questionnaire was processed anonymously. RESULTS: A total of 1,260 completed questionnaires were received. The results showed that 97.6% of the anaesthesiologists that responded used regional anaesthesia in clinical practice, 66.9% performed peripheral nerve block (PNB) regularly, 21.6% used continuous PNB techniques, and 4.6% used stimulating catheters. The primary source of training was residency programs. As regards PNB, the most common performed were interscalene (52.3%), axillary (45.1%), femoral (43.2%), and ankle block (43%). As regards the localisation technique employed, 16% used paraesthesia, 44.2% used a peripheral nerve stimulator, and 18.1% ultrasound guidance. CONCLUSIONS: Regional anaesthesia and PNB are commonly used among South American anaesthesiologists. Considering that each country has its own profile for use, this profile should guide training in clinical practice, especially in residency programs.

Raquianestesia total após bloqueio do plexo lombar: relato de caso / Total spinal block after lumbar plexus block: a case report / Raquianestesia total posterior al bloqueo del plexo lumbar: relato de caso

O bloqueio do plexo lombar (BPL) é um método adequado para uso em pacientes idosos e cirurgias na extremidade inferior. Muitas complicações podem ser observadas durante o BPL, mas não tanto quanto no bloqueio central. Neste relato de caso, nosso objetivo foi relatar uma raquianestesia total, uma complicação incomum. BPL com bloqueio ciático foi planejado para um paciente do sexo masculino, 76 anos, programado para artroplastia total do joelho por causa de gonartrose. O paciente ficou inconsciente após o bloqueio do compartimento do psoas com a técnica de Chayen para BPL. A operação terminou em 145 minutos. O paciente foi internado em unidade de terapia intensiva até o segundo dia pós-operatório e recebeu alta hospitalar no quinto dia pós-cirúrgico. A principal preocupação da monitoração do paciente deve ser a presença do anestesiologista. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o contato com o paciente deve ser garantido durante esses procedimentos.

Lumbar plexus block (LPB) is a suitable method for elder patients for lower extremity surgery. Many complications could be seen during LPB, but not as many as central block. In this case report, we aimed to report a total spinal block, an unusual complication. LPB with sciatic block was planned for a male patient, 76 years old, scheduled for total knee replacement due to gonarthrosis. The patient became unconscious after psoas compartment block with Chayen technique for LPB. The operation ended at 145th minute. The patient was admitted to intensive care unit until postoperative second day and discharged to home on fifth day of surgery. Main concern of patient monitorization should be an anesthesiologist. In this manner, we conclude that contacting to the patient should be ensured during these procedures.

El bloqueo del plexo lumbar (BPL) es un método adecuado para usarlo en pacientes ancianos sometidos a cirugía de la extremidad inferior. Durante el BPL pueden observarse muchas complicaciones, pero no tantas como en el bloqueo central. En este relato de caso, nuestro objetivo fue exponer una raquianestesia total, una complicación no común. Se planificó un BPL con bloqueo ciático para un paciente del sexo masculino, de 76 años de edad, programado para artroplastia total de la rodilla debida a gonartrosis. El paciente quedó inconsciente después del bloqueo del compartimento del psoas con la técnica de Chayen para BPL. La operación terminó en 145 min. El paciente fue ingresado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos hasta el segundo día del postoperatorio y tuvo alta hospitalaria al quinto día poscirugía. La principal preocupación de la monitorización del paciente debe ser la presencia del anestesiólogo. Así se concluye que el contacto con el paciente debe estar garantizado durante esos procedimientos.

General versus regional anesthesia for ambulatory arthroscopic knee surgery / Anestesia general versus regional para cirugía artroscópica ambulatoria de rodilla

Background: Arthroscopic surgical procedures on the knee are now frequently performed and there is still no agreement as to what is the best anesthesia technique for them. Any anesthetic technique used should bring fast and safe recovery, accompanied by good postoperative pain controland good patient satisfaction, all very important goals of ambulatory anesthesia. Objective: The goal of the study was to compare general versus regional anesthesia (sciatic, femoral and obturator nerve blocks) in terms of pain control, time to discharge and overall patient satisfaction among others. Methods: We conducted a randomized, non-blinded, clinical essay. The sample included all patients scheduled for arthroscopic knee surgery at Clinica CES that met inclusion criteria, during the period of time that the study was performed. Results: There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics, or intraoperative time between groups. Time spent in post anesthesia care unit was significantly lower in the group where regional anesthesia was used (15 vs. 78 minutes, p<0.05). Patients in the regional anesthesia group also did not require supplemental analgesia and were discharged earlier. In fact, all the patients in regional anesthesia group had VAS Pain Scores less than 3 one hour after surgery, while 56% of the patients in the general anesthesia group had pain scores above 5 and required supplemental analgesia. There were higher incidence of postoperative nausea and vomit and greater anesthesia-related costs in general anesthesia group. Regional anesthesia patients were more satisfied with the anesthetic technique used than the general anesthesia ones. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that regional anesthesia for ambulatory arthroscopy knee surgery provides better postoperative analgesia, earlier discharge and better patient satisfaction than general anesthesia.

Introducción: La cirugía artroscópica de rodilla realizada ambulatoriamente impone el reto de encontrar la técnica anestésica más adecuada para este tipo de procedimiento. La técnica usada debe conllevar a una rápida 1:1 segura recuperación, brindar buen control del dolor en el postoperatorio e incrementar la satisfacción del paciente. Objetivo: Comparar la anestesia general versus anestesia regional (bloqueo de nervio periférico de los nervios ciático (abordaje posterior) femoral y obturador en cirugía artroscópica de rodilla en términos de control del dolor, tiempo para el alta hospitalaria y satisfacción general del paciente, entre otros. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio clínico, aleatorizado no cegado. La muestra incluyó todos los pacientes con cirugía artroscópica de rodilla ambulatoria efectuadas en la Clínica CES durante 2005. Resultados: No hubo diferencia estadística mente significativa en las características demográficas, ni en el tiempo intraoperatorio entre los grupos. El tiempo de estancia promedio en la unidad de cuidados postanestésicos fue significativamente menor en el grupo de anestesia regional (15 vs 78 min, p<0.005)...