A new skin laxity scale for the buttocks: the Skin Laxity Visual Scale (SLVS).

BACKGROUND: The Skin Laxity Severity Scale for the buttocks was previously developed to separately assess buttock ptosis, a scalloped appearance of the skin, infragluteal fold, localized fat on the lower third of the buttocks, and linear depressed lesions. A more objective, faster and shorter version of this scale, to be evaluated visually, would be more feasible to apply in daily practice. OBJECTIVES: To present a new skin laxity scale for the buttocks: the Skin Laxity Visual Scale (SLVS). MATERIALS & METHODS: To establish the scale, investigators chose, by consensus, the most representative cases of each skin laxity grade. The images were graphically edited to better represent the degree of skin laxity identified in a previous study. Scale validity and reliability were assessed in two validation cycles, performed by eight dermatologists assessing 50 clinical cases. RESULTS: Overall, Kendall's, weighted-kappa, and intraclass correlation coefficients indicated very good reliability and consistent inter- and intra-rater agreement (p<0.001). The scale validity was confirmed by criteria validity tests (rs: 0.76, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The SLVS for the buttocks is a reliable, reproducible, accurate and valid scale to identify skin laxity severity and its different features. It will very likely be an easy-to-use and convenient tool to appropriately assess improvement obtained with treatment and follow patients.

Evaluation of the degree of aesthetic satisfaction after subcutaneous gluteal fat grafting / Avaliação do grau de satisfação estético após a lipoenxertia glútea subcutânea

Introduction: Body exposure, especially in the gluteal region, has increased the demand for gluteoplasty surgery. Autologous adipose tissue has been used to correct soft tissue defects since the beginning of the last century. Its smooth, natural texture, availability in sufficient quantities, and potentially permanent integration make adipose tissue the ideal physiological filler material. In this context, gluteal fat grafting, when compared with the use of gluteal implants, offers a faster recovery period and fewer complications in the medium and long term. Method: A prospective study was conducted using the gluteal evaluation questionnaire in patients who underwent subcutaneous gluteal fat grafting from August to December 2019. The collected data were submitted for statistical analysis by Student's t-test. Results: Forty patients (39 females and 1 male) who underwent subcutaneous gluteal fat grafting were selected. The average age presented in the study was 36.55 years. The mean body mass index was 27.38 kg/m2. The most frequent comorbidities were varicose veins, anemia, and hypertension. In most of the hypotheses evaluated, there was a significant improvement in the quality of life of the selected patients. Conclusions: Subcutaneous gluteal fat grafting improves patients' quality of life, which is demonstrated by the high level of satisfaction after performing this procedure.

Introdução: A exposição corporal, especialmente da região glútea, tem proporcionado atualmente um aumento da procura pela cirurgia de gluteoplastia. O tecido adiposo autólogo é usado para corrigir defeitos dos tecidos moles desde o início do século passado. Sua textura suave e natural, disponível em quantidades suficientes, e sua integração potencialmente permanente são características que fazem do tecido adiposo ser o material de preenchimento fisiológico ideal. Nesse contexto, a lipoenxertia glútea, quando comparada com o uso de implantes glúteos, oferece um período de recuperação mais rápido e menos complicações a médio e longo prazo. Método: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo com a aplicação do questionário de avaliação dos glúteos nas pacientes submetidas a lipoenxertia glútea subcutânea no período de agosto a dezembro de 2019. Os dados coletados foram submetidos a análise estatística pelo teste t de Student. Resultados: Foram selecionados 40 pacientes (39 do sexo feminino e 1 do sexo masculino) que foram submetidos a lipoenxertia glútea subcutânea. A média da idade apresentada no estudo foi de 36,55 anos. A média do índice de massa corporal foi de 27,38 Kg/m2. As comorbidades mais frequentes foram varizes, anemia e hipertensão. Na maior parte das hipóteses avaliadas houve melhora significativa na qualidade de vida dos pacientes selecionados. Conclusões: A lipoenxertia glútea subcutânea melhora a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, o que é demonstrado pelo alto nível de satisfação após a realização desse procedimento.

What Makes a Beautiful Buttock Beautiful? A Case-Control Study Comparing Buttocks Models versus Normal Women by Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Photography and Anthropometry.

OBJECTIVES: To describe characteristics of women with aesthetically ideal buttocks and differentiate them from women with normal buttocks. METHODS: Case-control study comparing anatomy of women with ideal buttocks (buttocks models) to women with normal buttocks using magnetic resonance images, anthropometric measurements and photography. RESULTS: Comparing to normal women, buttocks models have a narrower waist, narrower iliac crest, wider C point, wider hips and bigger and thicker gluteus maximus muscle (GMM). A bigger GMM adds more projection to the C point, point of maximum projection in the lateral view is 2.7 cm higher than the pubic bone. The amount of subcutaneous fat was equal in models and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides new knowledge regarding the tridimensional aspects of the beauty of the buttocks area. A beautiful buttock is a conjunction of adequate bony shape, muscle development, subcutaneous fat layer, and tight skin. Comparing to normal women, buttocks models have a narrower waist, narrower iliac crest, wider C point, wider hips and bigger and thicker Gluteus Maximus Muscle. Accurate understanding of the aesthetic goals in a given patient can guide surgical technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Dynamic ultrasound evaluation of body fillers and biostimulators in the buttocks of fresh-frozen specimen.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound imaging is a useful tool to study the injection of fillers and biostimulators in the body. OBJECTIVE: Sonographically evaluate real-time injections of fillers and biostimulators and describe their behavior in the subcutaneous tissue of the buttocks of fresh-frozen specimen. METHODS: injection of two brands of high-density hyaluronic acid (HA), one brand of calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA), one brand of hybrid injectable (CaHa + HA), one brand of polycaprolactone (PCL) and three brands of poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) were performed in the subcutaneous tissue of the gluteal region under ultrasonography visualization on a fresh-frozen specimen. Videos during injection and static images immediately after injection were obtained. The sonographic aspects of the substances and their dispersion and interaction with the surrounding tissues were described. RESULTS: Real-time ultrasound showed different dispersion patterns of the two brands of HA, CaHA, hybrid injectable (CaHa + HA) and the three brands of PLLA. The sonographic aspects among the brands of PLLA were also different. CONCLUSIONS: The dynamic ultrasound evaluation of the injection of HA, CaHA, hybrid injectable (CaHa + HA), PCL and PLLA in a fresh-frozen specimen shed some light on their aspects and dispersion pattern in the buttock. If these patterns are confirmed in further studies in vivo, there will be a positive impact on the selection and development of safer and more effective techniques to enhance buttock contour.

Gluteoplastia com enxerto de gordura: experiência em 137 pacientes / Gluteoplasty with fat grafting: experience in 137 patients

Introdução: O conceito da estética feminina vem apresentando mudanças, com forte influência dos padrões culturais e regionais. Glúteos e mamas são as principais regiões enfatizadas, principalmente na América Latina. Diante disto, a lipoenxertia glútea adquire uma importância crescente. Neste trabalho, objetivamos estudar os resultados deste procedimento e suas complicações, sugerir uma classificação do formato dos glúteos e padronização de áreas a serem tratadas com a lipoenxertia. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, realizado de janeiro de 2018 a fevereiro de 2020, com seguimento pós-operatório mínimo de 6 meses. Foi utilizada a técnica tumescente para obtenção da gordura, tratada por decantação, e injetada com seringa e cânula via sulco interglúteo e sulco subglúteo. Resultados: Dos 146 pacientes, nove foram excluídos, restando 137, sendo 132 mulheres e cinco homens. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 34,1 anos e o índice de massa corporal médio foi de 27,2Kg/m2. O formato de glúteo predominante foi o trapezoide (52,5%) e o volume médio de gordura injetado nos glúteos foi de 510,8ml no lado direito e 580,5ml no esquerdo, sendo as áreas central e lateral do glúteo as mais enxertadas. Quanto às complicações, a assimetria ocorreu em 3,65% dos pacientes, bolhas na pele em 2,9% e dor crônica em 2,2% deles. Conclusão: É um procedimento seguro com baixa incidência de complicações, quando é respeitada a restrição ao subcutâneo como plano de lipoenxertia, e de alta satisfação para os pacientes. A classificação e padronização sugeridas podem auxiliar a aprendizagem do procedimento.

Introduction: The concept of female aesthetics has been changing, strongly influenced by cultural and regional patterns. Buttocks and breasts are the main regions emphasized, especially in Latin America. Then, gluteal fat grafting becomes increasingly important. In this article, we aim to study the results of this procedure and its complications, suggest a classification of the shape of the buttocks and standardize areas to be treated with fat grafting. Methods: This is a prospective study realized from January 2018 to February 2020, and there was a follow-up of the patients for 6 months of postoperative. The surgical technique was tumescent to get fat, and decantation was the method to prepare the graft, which was injected through the intergluteal and subgluteal folds. Results: Of 146 patients, nine were excluded, remaining 137, of which 132 were women, and four were men. The mean age of patients was 34.1 years, and the mean body mass index was 27.2Kg/m2. The predominant gluteal shape was the trapezoid (52.5%), and the average volume of fat injected into the buttocks was 510.8ml on the right side and 580.5ml on the left, with the central and lateral gluteal areas being the most grafted. As for complications, asymmetry occurred in 3.65% of patients, skin blister in 2.9% and chronic pain in 2.2% of them. Conclusion: It is a safe procedure with a low incidence of complication when the fat grafting respects the subcutaneous plane, and this procedure has high patient satisfaction.

LL body contour technique-A new way of gluteal contouring and augmentation with hyaluronic acid filler.

INTRODUCTION: Enhancing and altering body contours has increasingly been the focus of new technologies and techniques in aesthetic treatments. The buttocks are seen as a symbol of beauty, sensuality, and attraction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors described a technique for female and male gluteal augmentation. It uses a special marking, a safe plan, and a specific product. The patients chosen for this technique wanted to have an augmentation or projection effect on the buttocks, but were not willing to undergo surgery. The product used was Sofiderm Subskin Aeskins. The plan of injection was the subcutaneous as no major blood vessels were found. RESULTS: The authors report good aesthetic results with the proposed technique. The patients reported a high degree of satisfaction. DISCUSSION: The product chosen has a high G prime and a larger molecule size, which accounts for resistance to deformation and a high lifting power. Thus, result can be visible in a large body area. As the anatomy between male and female buttocks are different, different techniques were used for each gender. CONCLUSION: The LL body contour technique for gluteal augmentation proved to be a minimally invasive technique, with quick results, without major risks and downtime.

The absence of piriformis muscle, combined muscular fusion, and neurovascular variation in the gluteal region.

The gluteal region contains important neurovascular and muscular structures with diverse clinical and surgical implications. This paper aims to describe and discuss the clinical importance of a unique variation involving not only the piriformis, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, obturator internus, and superior gemellus muscles, but also the superior gluteal neurovascular bundle, and sciatic nerve. A routine dissection of a right hemipelvis and its gluteal region of a male cadaver fixed in 10% formalin was performed. During dissection, it was observed a rare presentation of the absence of the piriformis muscle, associated with a tendon fusion between gluteus and obturator internus, and a fusion between gluteus minimus and superior gemellus muscles, along with an unusual topography with the sciatic nerve, which passed through these group of fused muscles. This rare variation stands out with clinical manifestations that are not fully established. Knowing this anatomy is essential to avoid surgical iatrogeny.

ASIA syndrome symptoms induced by gluteal biopolymer injections: Case-series and narrative review.

BACKGROUND: The number of plastic surgery procedures have been rising in the last few years. The morbi-mortality due to illegal use of biopolymers is a public health problem. One of the clinical consequences, foreign body modelling reaction, may be a precursor of ASIA (Autoimmune/Inflammatory disease induced by adjuvants) syndrome.The objective of this article is to present a case-series study of patients who developed ASIA syndrome following gluteal injection with biopolymers and emphasize the importance of toxic exposure in triggering autoimmune responses. A surgical technique used on some of the patients in the study is described. METHODS: A group of thirteen patients, diagnosed with foreign body modelling reaction, who developed ASIA syndrome confirmed by approved criteria was followed between May 2016 and May 2018. The "Butterfly Wings Technique," a new surgical procedure for patients who have medium to severe compromise, was used on five of them.A narrative literature review was done to look for subjects with ASIA syndrome and gluteal biopolymer infiltration. RESULTS: All the patients in the present case-series with foreign body modelling reaction developed ASIA syndrome. Some of them had a background of familial autoimmunity. Five of the patients were surgically treated and saw a clinical improvement after the extraction of the biopolymer with the proposed technique.The narrative literature review identified 7 articles related to the disease through the database search. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that foreign body modelling reaction should be considered a precursor to ASIA syndrome. New research projects will be needed in the future to evaluate the factors that determine when ASIA syndrome is triggered in a patient with this reaction.

The absence of piriformis muscle, combined muscular fusion, and neurovascular variation in the gluteal region

The gluteal region contains important neurovascular and muscular structures with diverse clinical and surgical implications. This paper aims to describe and discuss the clinical importance of a unique variation involving not only the piriformis, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, obturator internus, and superior gemellus muscles, but also the superior gluteal neurovascular bundle, and sciatic nerve. A routine dissection of a right hemipelvis and its gluteal region of a male cadaver fixed in 10% formalin was performed. During dissection, it was observed a rare presentation of the absence of the piriformis muscle, associated with a tendon fusion between gluteus and obturator internus, and a fusion between gluteus minimus and superior gemellus muscles, along with an unusual topography with the sciatic nerve, which passed through these group of fused muscles. This rare variation stands out with clinical manifestations that are not fully established. Knowing this anatomy is essential to avoid surgical iatrogeny.

A rare case of implant displacement to the contralateral side after gluteal augmentation.

In this report, we present a rare case of solid silicone implant displacement to the contralateral side after aesthetic gluteal augmentation, a phenomenon that has never been reported before in the literature. A 29-year-old woman with a history of gluteal augmentation 9 months previously and soft tissue infection presented for a consultation due to 3 days of sudden progressive pain in the right gluteus with erythema and edema, without a history of trauma. Displacement of the left gluteal implant to the right gluteal pocket was shown by magnetic resonance imaging. Because the patient refused implant removal, the decision was made to perform capsulotomy, to reconstruct the gluteal pockets, and to preserve the implants. The patient showed a satisfactory early and late postoperative course. Possible causes of this complication include poor surgical technique, with insufficient tissue preservation to keep the pockets apart, and the presence of seroma or hematoma that favored an infectious process, thereby leading to deterioration of the dissected soft tissues with dehiscence of the wound favoring the displacement of the implant.

Invited Discussion on: Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) and the Textured Implant Crisis.

The author discusses some important points about breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) and adds new and updated information about the disease (ALCL). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Carcinoma de células de Merkel de región glútea. Reporte de un caso / Merkel cell carcinoma of the gluteal region. Report of a case / Carcinoma de células de Merkel de região glútea. Relato de caso

Resumen: Introducción: el carcinoma de células de Merkel es un tumor primario maligno de piel que afecta fundamentalmente regiones expuestas a las radiaciones solares. Pocos casos han sido comunicados en una región no expuesta al factor de riesgo mencionado, como es la glútea. El objetivo de este trabajo es comunicar un caso clínico de carcinoma de células de Merkel de región glútea. Caso clínico: paciente de 63 años, sexo masculino, que consultó por tumoración de 2 cm de diámetro en región glútea derecha, de rápido crecimiento, que se operó de coordinación con anestesia, realizándose su resección completa. El resultado del estudio anatomopatológico informó carcinoma de células de Merkel. No se evidenció diseminación a distancia, por lo que de acuerdo con la clasificación TNM se determinó como estadio I. Se completó el tratamiento con radioterapia local. Actualmente el paciente sigue en seguimiento y asintomático. Discusión: los carcinomas de células de Merkel son tumores altamente agresivos. Además de la radiación solar como factor de riesgo, se mencionan la inmunodeficiencia y un nuevo poliomavirus, el poliomavirus de células de Merkel. Se presentan como tumoraciones de color violáceo y rápido crecimiento, y es frecuente el compromiso ganglionar sincrónico o metacrónico. La resección quirúrgica con márgenes suficientes y vaciamiento ganglionar, en caso de haber compromiso o estudio de ganglio centinela en caso de no haberlo, es lo indicado. El pronóstico depende del estadio y se ha reportado hasta 30% de recidiva a dos años.

Summary: Introduction: Merkel cell carcinoma is a malign primary tumour that mainly affects regions that are exposed to solar radiation. Few cases have been reported in a region that is not exposed to the above mentioned risk factor, as the gluteal regions. The study aims to communicate the clinical case of a Merkel cell carcinoma of the gluteal region. Clinical case: 63-year-old male patient who consulted for a tumour with a 2cm diameter in the right gluteal region, rapidly growing, being completely resected in a cordinaterd surgery under anesthesia. Pathology study revealed that it was Merkel cell carcinoma. No distance dissemination was seen, and thus as per the TNM staging system it was classified as stage I. Therapy was completed with local radiotherapy, It is currently under follow up and asymptomatic. Discussion: Merkel cell carcinoma are highly aggressive tumours. Apart from solar radiation as a risk factor, it is worth mentioning immunodeficiency and a new polyomavirus, the Merkel cell polyomavirus. This condition can be seen as purple, rapidly growing tumours and they frequently involve synchronic or metachronic lymph node compromise. Surgical resection with sufficient margins and lymph node emptying, in the event of lymph node compromise or sentinel node biopsy is recommended. Prognosis depends on the stage and a 30% relapse has been reported after 2 years.

Resumo: Introdução: o carcinoma de células de Merkel é um tumor primário maligno de pele que afeta fundamentalmente regiões expostas às radiações solares. São poucos os casos relatados em uma região não exposta a esse fator de risco, como é a glútea. O objetivo desta comunicação é apresentar o caso clínico de um carcinoma de células de Merkel de região glútea. Caso clínico: paciente de 63 anos, sexo masculino que consultou por tumoração de 2 cm de diâmetro, na região glútea direita, com rápido crescimento que foi ressecada completamente em uma cirurgia eletiva com anestesia. O laudo anatomopatológico foi: carcinoma de células de Merkel. Não se evidenciou disseminação a distância por isso foi classificado como estádio I de acordo com a classificação TNM. O tratamento foi completado com radioterapia local. Atualmente em seguimento e assintomático. Discussão: os carcinomas de células de Merkel são tumores altamente agressivos. Além da radiação solar, a imunodeficiência e um novo poliomavirus, o poliomavirus de células de Merkel, são mencionados como fator de risco. Apresentam-se como tumorações de cor violácea e crescimento rápido e frequentemente se observa compromisso ganglionar sincrônico ou metacrônico. A ressecção cirúrgica com margens suficientes e esvaziamento ganglionar, quando há compromisso ou estudo de gânglio sentinela quando não há, é a conduta indicada. O prognóstico depende do estádio e há registros de até 30% de recidiva a 2 anos.

Inferior gluteal artery pseudoaneurysm after fall from a bicycle: case report.

Pseudoaneurysms of gluteal arteries are rare, especially involving the inferior gluteal artery. They are mainly associated with penetrating trauma, infections, or pelvic fractures. A minority of cases are caused by blunt traumas, with only six cases reported in English. We present a case of pseudoaneurysm of the right inferior gluteal artery after a bicycle fall, presenting with a large hematoma in the gluteal region, observed during clinical examination, and significantly reduced hemoglobin. CT angiography revealed a large hematoma, with contrast extravasation and pseudoaneurysm formation. Angiography revealed that the origin of the lesion was in the right inferior gluteal artery. This artery was embolized with coils. After the procedure, the patient was referred to an intensive care unit, from where he was later transferred to a different hospital, with bleeding controlled. Endovascular treatment of these cases is a safe, fast and an effective option.

Gluteoplastia Técnica Intramuscular (XYZ) / Gluteoplasty using the Intramuscular (XYZ) Method

INTRODUÇÃO: No conceito de beleza corporal, a forma e o tamanho das nádegas são fundamentais, provocando uma crescente busca não só de mulheres, como também de homens, pela cirurgia de gluteoplastia. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a experiência do autor em gluteoplastia com a técnica intramuscular (XYZ). MÉTODO: No período de 2010 a 2015 foram operados 29 pacientes com idades entre 22 e 64 anos (média 43 anos), sendo 26 mulheres (89,66%) e três homens (10,34%). Foram usados implantes redondos ou ovais, com volumes entre 240 e 420 ml (média de 330 ml), dependendo da melhor indicação para cada caso. RESULTADOS: Foram obtidos bons resultados sob o aspecto de aumento de volume e harmonia da região glútea, com alto índice de satisfação dos pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: Na casuística do estudo a técnica intramuscular (XYZ) se mostrou segura, tanto nas cirurgias primárias como nas cirurgias secundárias, para tratar casos de assimetria e/ou implantes visíveis. Com a pré- determinação dos pontos fixos XYZ, o procedimento torna-se seguro e reprodutível.

INTRODUCTION: The shape and size of the buttocks are essential to the notion of bodily beauty. This has resulted in a growing interest in gluteoplasty among both women and men. The aim of the present study was to present the author's experience with gluteoplasty using the intramuscular XYZ method. METHOD: Between 2010 and 2015, 29 patients aged 22 to 64 years (average, 43 years) underwent gluteoplasty; of these 26 were women (89.66%) and 3 were men (10.34%). Round or oval implants were used, with volumes of 240 to 420 ml (average, 330 ml), depending on the individual case. RESULTS: Good results were obtained in terms of volume increase and harmony of the gluteal region, with a high degree of patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The intramuscular XYZ method was safe, both for primary and secondary surgery, to treat cases of asymmetry and/or visible implants. Predetermining the XYZ reference points makes this procedure safe and reproducible.

Impacto na qualidade de vida em pacientes usuários de medicação retroviral e submetidos à gluteoplastia: estudo de coorte histórica / Gluteal contour restoration in antiretroviral users and its quality-of-life related impacts: a historical cohort study

INTRODUÇÃO: Desde a introdução do tratamento do HIV com uso da terapia antirretroviral altamente ativa, a mortalidade por essa doença foi reduzida drasticamente em todo o mundo. Um dos parefeitos relacionados à utilização desses fármacos é a lipodistrofia glútea. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar o impacto da correção dessa deformidade na qualidade de vida de pacientes com HIV. MÉTODOS: Foi conduzido um estudo de coorte histórica com 23 pacientes submetidos à gluteoplastia com implante intramuscular, entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2014, avaliando a qualidade de vida por meio do em Nottingham Health Profile em. As informações foram coletadas de julho a agosto de 2015. A análise estatística foi feita utilizando-se o em Related-Samples McNemar Test em. RESULTADOS: strong Houve diferença significativa entre o pré-operatório e pós-operatório em 19 das 38 perguntas. CONCLUSÃO: É possível afirmar que a reconstrução glútea melhora a qualidade de vida de pacientes HIV positivos acometidos por lipodistrofia glútea relacionada a antirretrovirais.

INTRODUCTION: Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), disease mortality has been dramatically reduced worldwide. One related side effect from the use of these drugs is gluteal lipodystrophy. The aim of this study is to assess the quality-of-life impact of correcting this deformity in HIV patients. METHODS: A historical cohort study was conducted between January 2010 and December 2014 with 23 patients, assessing the quality of their lives using the Nottingham Health Profile. A statistical analysis was performed using the McNemar test for related samples. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative response in 19 of the 38 questions. CONCLUSION: We may say that gluteal reconstruction plays a role in improving quality of life for HIV patients who have been affected by antiretroviral related gluteal lipodystrophy.

Gluteal Augmentation with Silicone Implants: A New Proposal for Intramuscular Dissection.

BACKGROUND: Gluteoplasty has gained notoriety over the last decades, which has motivated the development of various surgical techniques. Nevertheless, the fear of dissection of the intramuscular plane without direct visualization may inhibit learning and development of gluteal augmentation with implants. Moreover, literature detailing the technical steps of intramuscular dissection for the construction of the implant pocket is scarce. This study presents a new approach to intramuscular dissection for gluteal augmentation with silicone implants, a variation of the conventional surgical technique. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of a series of 12 female patients submitted to a variation of the intramuscular dissection technique for gluteal augmentation with silicone implants. Data from patients, implants, follow-up time, postoperative complications, and the degree of patient satisfaction were obtained. This technique follows the principle of alternating spatulas to perform the blunt dissection of the implant pocket. RESULTS: In this series, the proposed technique is controlled and safe for intramuscular dissection, which can be used for both experienced and training surgeons. This technique is based on well-known anatomical points and references. We observed that the implant was well positioned and covered, the patients were satisfied with the result, and the number of complications was low. CONCLUSIONS: This variation of the intramuscular dissection technique for gluteal augmentation with silicone implants provides an easily reproducible and safe procedure that involves well-controlled technical steps, especially during dissection of the intramuscular pocket. In this series of patients, training surgeons learned faster, results were satisfactory, and the number of complications was low. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Aplicação de ácido poli-l-lático para o tratamento da flacidez corporal / Poly-L-lactic acid injections in sagging body skin

Introdução: O tratamento da flacidez cutânea corporal constitui grande desafio, pois poucos são os procedimentos destinados a melhorá-la. O ácido poli-L-lático é polímero sintético injetável da família dos alfa-hidroxiácidos, cuja injeção na derme profunda ou hipoderme superficial induz reação local e gradual, com síntese de novo colágeno pelos fibroblastos e consequente aumento da espessura dérmica. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do ácido poli-L-lático na flacidez da pele do corpo. Métodos: Quatorze pacientes que apresentavam flacidez de região glútea foram tratadas com duas aplicações de ácido poli-L-lático com intervalos de 45 dias entre elas. Foram realizadas avalição clínica inicial e seis meses após a segunda aplicação, fotos prévias e seis meses após o tratamento, bem como foram aplicados questionários às pacientes e ao médico avaliador, e realizado exame ultrassonográfico de todas as pacientes para verificação do aumento de espessura dérmica. Foram avaliados também os efeitos adversos observados. Resultados: Na opinião das pacientes, 85% apresentaram melhora no aspecto geral da pele e 71% na flacidez. Para o médico avaliador, 100% das pacientes apresentaram melhora no aspecto geral da pele e na flacidez, porém em graus variáveis e não proporcionais ao grau de gravidade inicial. Onze pacientes tiveram aumento da espessura dérmica acima de 20% dos pontos. Não houve efeitos colaterais importantes no período avaliado. Conclusões: Os resultados são promissores e devem ser confirmados com a realização de estudos com casuística maior.

Introduction: The treatment of sagging skin in body areas is still a big challenge, as there are few aesthetic procedures aiming to improve it. The poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is an injectable synthetic polymer of the alpha-hydroxy acids family, which injection into the deep dermis or superficial hypodermis induces a local and gradual reaction, with synthesis of new collagen by the fibroblasts and consequent increase of dermal thickness. Purpose: Evaluate the effects of poly-L-lactic acid on the sagging skin of the body. Methods: Fourteen patients with sagging in gluteal region underwent two applications of poly-L-lactic acid with a 45 days interval between them. We performed an initial clinical evaluation and after six months of the second application, photos before and after six months of treatment, questionnaires answered by the patient and by the evaluating physician and ultrasound examination of all patients to assess the increase of dermal thickness. The adverse effects observed were also evaluated. Results: In patient's opinion, 85% presented improvement of general appearance of the skin and 71% noticed improvement of sagging. For the evaluating physician, 100% of patients presented improvement of general appearance of the skin and improvement of sagging, but in different degrees and not proportional to the initial degree of severity. There was no significant side effects in the period evaluated. Conclusions: The results are promising and should be confirmed with studies with a larger sample size.

Porokeratosis ptychotropica: a rare manifestation with typical histological exam

Abstract: Porokeratosis is a disorder of epidermal keratinization characterized clinically by a distinctive ridge-like border, and histologically by cornoid lamellae. The known clinical variants of porokeratosis are: classic porokeratosis of Mibelli, disseminated superficial (actinic) porokeratosis (DSAP), porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata, linear porokeratosis and punctate porokeratosis. In 1995, a seventh form was described as porokeratosis ptychotropica: a verrucous form resembling psoriasis involving the gluteal cleft presenting on the histological exam multiple cornoid lamellae. There are very few reports in the literature of this clinical variant. The present study describes the case of a healthy male presenting gluteal hyperkeratotic plaques for 22 years. He had been to several dermatologists, none of them had achieved a definitive diagnosis. We present a typical clinical presentation and its dermoscopy findings, in addition to histological examination that confirmed the diagnosis.

Buttock Lifting with Polypropylene Strips.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of gluteal suspension with polypropylene strips. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety healthy female patients between the ages of 20 and 50 years (mean, 26 years), who wished to remodel their buttocks from December 2004 to February 2013 were studied retrospectively. All 90 patients were treated with 2 strips of polypropylene on each buttock using the following procedures: 27 (30 %) patients were suspended with polypropylene strips; 63 (70 %) patients were treated with tumescent liposuction in the sacral "V", lower back, supragluteal regions, and flanks to improve buttocks contour (aspirated volume of fat from 350 to 800 cc); 16 (18 %) patients underwent fat grafting in the subcutaneous and intramuscular layers (up to 300 cc in each buttock to increase volume); 5 (6 %) patients received implants to increase volume; and 4 (4.4 %) patients underwent removal and relocation of intramuscular gluteal implants to improve esthetics. RESULTS: Over an 8-year period, 90 female patients underwent gluteal suspension surgeries. Good esthetic results without complications were obtained in 75 of 90 (84 %) cases. Complications occurred in 15 of 90 (16.6 %) patients, including strip removal due to postoperative pain in 1 (1.1 %) patient, and seroma in both subgluteal sulci in 3 (3.3 %) patients. CONCLUSION: The results of this study performed in 90 patients over 8 years showed that the suspension with polypropylene strips performed as a single procedure or in combination with other cosmetic methods helps to enhance and lift ptosed gluteal and paragluteal areas. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that the authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Gluteal pain in athletes: how should it be investigated and treated?

Gluteal pain is a frequent symptom in athletes, and defining it etiologically is a challenge for orthopedists. In the present study, using an anatomical approach to the posterior region of the pelvis and the proximal femur, divided into four quadrants, systematized investigation is proposed with the aim of optimizing the treatment and accelerating athletes' return to their sport, through correct diagnosis.

A dor glútea é um sintoma frequente em atletas. Sua definição etiológica é um desafio para o ortopedista. No presente estudo, os autores propõem, por meio de uma abordagem anatômica da região posterior da pelve e do fêmur proximal, dividida em quatro quadrantes, a investigação sistematizada do local, visando, por meio do diagnóstico correto, a aperfeiçoar o tratamento e acelerar o retorno do atleta ao esporte.