Uso de resina acrílica no preenchimento de cavidade orbital após exenteração em um cão com hemangiossarcoma conjuntival / Use of acrylic resin to fill the orbital cavity after exenteration in a dog with conjunctival hemangiosarcoma

Background: The hemangiossarcoma (HSA) is a malignant tumor originated from the alterations of vascular endothelialcells. As it has an aggressive behavior, it is indicated, as initial treatment, wide surgical excision, such as the exenteration, which results in the surgical removal of the ocular bulb and adjacent tissues. The referred technique has as a resulta concave orbit and aesthetically unacceptable. Therefore, various materials, used as orbital implants, have been studiedand used in several species. Thus, it was aimed to report the use of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to fill the orbitalcavity after exenteration in a dog with conjunctival HSA.Case: A 10-year-old male Pitbull dog was assisted, with a clinical history of growth of a reddish tissue in the left eye, causingconstant hemorrhage, with an evolution of two months. At ophthalmic examination of the left eye, in the temporal bulbar conjunctive was found a reddish neoformation, with an irregular surface, measuring approximately 4 x 2 x 2 cm. The biopsy andaspiration cytology of the neoformation, revealed cells that inferred that they were those of conjunctival HSA. The hemogramrevealed normocytic anemia; the biochemical profile was with the standards of normality and no metastasis were found in theultrasonography and X-ray. The treatment of choice was the exenteration. Initially, the palpebral borders were approximatedusing continuous simple suture wit monofilament nylon thread. An incision was made in the skin, along the orbital rim andthen was performed a rhombus dissection of the conjunctive and all the extraocular muscles. Next, the eye globe, together withthe neoplasia, soft tissues of the orbital cavity and third eyelid were removed. The PMMA was obtained from a mixture of thepowder (polymer) and of the liquid (monomer) in the ratio of 1:1 in a sterile recipient, in...(AU)

Uso de resina acrílica no preenchimento de cavidade orbital após exenteração em um cão com hemangiossarcoma conjuntival / Use of acrylic resin to fill the orbital cavity after exenteration in a dog with conjunctival hemangiosarcoma

Background: The hemangiossarcoma (HSA) is a malignant tumor originated from the alterations of vascular endothelialcells. As it has an aggressive behavior, it is indicated, as initial treatment, wide surgical excision, such as the exenteration, which results in the surgical removal of the ocular bulb and adjacent tissues. The referred technique has as a resulta concave orbit and aesthetically unacceptable. Therefore, various materials, used as orbital implants, have been studiedand used in several species. Thus, it was aimed to report the use of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to fill the orbitalcavity after exenteration in a dog with conjunctival HSA.Case: A 10-year-old male Pitbull dog was assisted, with a clinical history of growth of a reddish tissue in the left eye, causingconstant hemorrhage, with an evolution of two months. At ophthalmic examination of the left eye, in the temporal bulbar conjunctive was found a reddish neoformation, with an irregular surface, measuring approximately 4 x 2 x 2 cm. The biopsy andaspiration cytology of the neoformation, revealed cells that inferred that they were those of conjunctival HSA. The hemogramrevealed normocytic anemia; the biochemical profile was with the standards of normality and no metastasis were found in theultrasonography and X-ray. The treatment of choice was the exenteration. Initially, the palpebral borders were approximatedusing continuous simple suture wit monofilament nylon thread. An incision was made in the skin, along the orbital rim andthen was performed a rhombus dissection of the conjunctive and all the extraocular muscles. Next, the eye globe, together withthe neoplasia, soft tissues of the orbital cavity and third eyelid were removed. The PMMA was obtained from a mixture of thepowder (polymer) and of the liquid (monomer) in the ratio of 1:1 in a sterile recipient, in...

Clinical and histologic study of autogenous oral mucosa in experimental lamellar ketatoplasty / Estudo clínico e histológico da mucosa oral autógena na ceratoplastia lamelar experimental

Eight male dogs of non-specified breed, weighing about 12,4 kg, were subjected to surgical oral mucosa detachment using among others a 5 mm diameter trepan followed by it fixation on 4,5 mm diameter corneal lesion made in an eye, using 9-0 nylon thread in interrupted simple suture pattern. The animals were divided to 4 groups constituted by 2 animals, for histologic study at 15, 30, 45, 60 days of post surgical phase. Meanwhile, clinical findings such as blepharospasm, opacity, neovascularization, ocular discharge, chemosis and characteristics of the graft (vascularization, pigmentation and adhesiveness), were qualitative and quantitatively evaluated at 0-2 days, 3-7 days, 8-15 days, 16-30 days and 31-60 days of postoperative period. Blepharospasm and chemosis were more intense at initial periods, corneal opacity and vascularization (of cornea and grafts) at intermediate periods, both with regressing tendency on the latest periods. Serous mucous exsudate was predominant in higher degrees at the initial and intermediate phases and was absent on the later phases. Clinically, the integration of the graft was verified at 15th day. Pigment deposition was seen on two animals on the later periods. The microscopic study revealed on initial and intermediate periods a thick epithelium in comparasion with the underlying cornea, with vacuolization of the inmost cells, intense fibroplasia a

Oito cães sem raça definida, machos, com peso corpóreo médio de 12,4 kg, foram submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos de retirada de fragmento da mucosa oral com auxílio de trépano de 5 mm com posterior aplicação sobre lesão corneana de 4,5 mm de diâmetro, produzida em um dos olhos, aplicando-se sutura simples interrompida com fio de náilon 9-0. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos compostos por 2 animais, para estudo histológico aos 15, 30, 45, 60 dias de pós-operatório. Simultaneamente, realizou-se estudo clínico nos períodos de 0-2 dias, 3-7 dias, 8-15 dias, 16-30 dias e 31-60 dias de pós-operatório. Blefarospasmo e quemose foram mais intensos nos períodos iniciais e opacidade corneana e vascularização (da córnea e enxerto) nos períodos intermediários, ambos com tendência de regressão nos períodos tardios. A secreção predominante foi seromucosa, sendo mais incidente nas fases iniciais e intermediárias com ausência nos tardios. Clinicamente, a integração do enxerto foi verificada no 15º dia. O estudo microscópico revelou para os períodos iniciais e intermediários intensa fibroplasia e deposição de fibras colágenas em arranjo desorganizado e vascularização do enxerto de intensa a leve entre 15º e 30º dia. Infiltrado polimorfonuclear foi observado no 15º dia, em grau discreto. Infiltrado linfoplasmocitário foi predominantemente, em grau discreto a moderado, entre o 30º e 60º d

Clinical and histologic study of autogenous oral mucosa in experimental lamellar ketatoplasty / Estudo clínico e histológico da mucosa oral autógena na ceratoplastia lamelar experimental

Eight male dogs of non-specified breed, weighing about 12,4 kg, were subjected to surgical oral mucosa detachment using among others a 5 mm diameter trepan followed by it fixation on 4,5 mm diameter corneal lesion made in an eye, using 9-0 nylon thread in interrupted simple suture pattern. The animals were divided to 4 groups constituted by 2 animals, for histologic study at 15, 30, 45, 60 days of post surgical phase. Meanwhile, clinical findings such as blepharospasm, opacity, neovascularization, ocular discharge, chemosis and characteristics of the graft (vascularization, pigmentation and adhesiveness), were qualitative and quantitatively evaluated at 0-2 days, 3-7 days, 8-15 days, 16-30 days and 31-60 days of postoperative period. Blepharospasm and chemosis were more intense at initial periods, corneal opacity and vascularization (of cornea and grafts) at intermediate periods, both with regressing tendency on the latest periods. Serous mucous exsudate was predominant in higher degrees at the initial and intermediate phases and was absent on the later phases. Clinically, the integration of the graft was verified at 15th day. Pigment deposition was seen on two animals on the later periods. The microscopic study revealed on initial and intermediate periods a thick epithelium in comparasion with the underlying cornea, with vacuolization of the inmost cells, intense fibroplasia a

Oito cães sem raça definida, machos, com peso corpóreo médio de 12,4 kg, foram submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos de retirada de fragmento da mucosa oral com auxílio de trépano de 5 mm com posterior aplicação sobre lesão corneana de 4,5 mm de diâmetro, produzida em um dos olhos, aplicando-se sutura simples interrompida com fio de náilon 9-0. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos compostos por 2 animais, para estudo histológico aos 15, 30, 45, 60 dias de pós-operatório. Simultaneamente, realizou-se estudo clínico nos períodos de 0-2 dias, 3-7 dias, 8-15 dias, 16-30 dias e 31-60 dias de pós-operatório. Blefarospasmo e quemose foram mais intensos nos períodos iniciais e opacidade corneana e vascularização (da córnea e enxerto) nos períodos intermediários, ambos com tendência de regressão nos períodos tardios. A secreção predominante foi seromucosa, sendo mais incidente nas fases iniciais e intermediárias com ausência nos tardios. Clinicamente, a integração do enxerto foi verificada no 15º dia. O estudo microscópico revelou para os períodos iniciais e intermediários intensa fibroplasia e deposição de fibras colágenas em arranjo desorganizado e vascularização do enxerto de intensa a leve entre 15º e 30º dia. Infiltrado polimorfonuclear foi observado no 15º dia, em grau discreto. Infiltrado linfoplasmocitário foi predominantemente, em grau discreto a moderado, entre o 30º e 60º d

Comparison of free and pedicle conjunctival grafts on the repair of superficial keratectomies. Experimental study with dogs (Canis familiaris - LINNAEUS, 1758) / Comparação entre enxertos autógenos livres e pediculados de conjuntiva no reparo de ceratectomias superficiais. Estudo experimental no cão (Canis familiaris - LINNAEUS, 1758)

The cornea is exposed to various types of injuries. Because of this, authors have studied different methods for corneal repair. Among these are the free and island conjunctival grafts. In this study, the purpose was to compare these two techniques, with special attention given to surgical procedures and their applicability, effects on corneal healing and post-surgical follow-up. We compared free and island autogenous grafts on superficial experimental keratectomies in 22 dogs. Lamellar, circular lesions were inflicted bilaterally. In one of the eyes a circular free fragment of conjunctiva was applied, and in the other eye, a dissected pedicle of bulbar conjunctiva. The eyes were evaluated clinically by histology and scanning electron microscopy. Results were better for the pedicle grafts, that resulted in lesser degrees of conjunctival reaction and less corneal oedema and neovascularization. This method also showed less cellular infiltration and earlier fibrosis. At scanning electron microscopy, both techniques showed tissue integrity and substitution of the epithelial cells of the graft by corneal epithelial cells, at about the 30th day, though this was more evident in the pediculated one.

A córnea está sujeita a traumas diversos que comprometem grandemente a visão. No presente trabalho, procurou-se confrontar dois métodos de reparação cirúrgica das lesões em córnea e elucidar aspectos referentes à exeqüibilidade, eficiência e efeitos cicatriciais sobre a transparência corneana. Estudaram-se ceratoplastias por enxertos autógenos livres e pediculados de conjuntiva em ceratectomias experimentais em 22 cães. Produziram-se lesões corneanas lamelares, bilateralmente, sobre as quais aplicou-se fragmento conjuntival livre em um dos olhos e enxerto pediculado no contralateral. Os resultados clínicos demonstraram melhor evolução para os pediculados, com menores graus de fotofobia, secreção, congestão conjuntival, edema e neovascularização corneanos, ratificada pela microscopia óptica, com menor infiltração celular e fibrose mais precoce nestes. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura evidenciou  substituição de epitélio conjuntival implantado por epitélio corneano normal, notadamente nos pediculados. A somatória dos achados sugeriu reparação mais eficaz e precoce para os implantes com pedículo.

Anesthesic techniques in ocular surgery in dogs / Técnicas anestésicas destinadas à cirurgia ocular no cão

The aim of this work was to show several anesthesic managements to surgical procedures in the eye of the dogs. For this purpose, there are discussed techniques that can be used in the clinical practice by the anesthesiologist or ophthalmologist. The paper discusses general anesthesia, dissociative anesthesia anti other techniques. The eye position, pupilar size, intraocular pressure and other reflexes are also discussed. The authors showed the advantages of the patient monitoring and induction techniques.

Os autores apresentam, de forma cotejativa, procedimentos anestésicos destinados a manobras cirúrgicas intra e extra-oculares no cão. Para tanto, discutem alternativas práticas e exeqüíveis, destinadas a atualizar aqueles que militam nas especialidades de anestesiologia e/ou oftalmologia. Amontam técnicas em anestesia geral, dissociativa e procedimentos outros. Tecem considerações acerca de características relativas à posição do bulbo ocular, diâmetro pupilar, pressão intra-ocular e reflexos óculo-palpebrais. Apontam para técnicas de indução, bem como para vantagens do monitoramento do paciente.