Asociación del índice de masa corporal con la insatisfacción corporal en escolares / Association of body mass index with body dissatisfaction in schoolchildren

Introducción: La malnutrición por exceso causa sobrepeso y obesidad, siendo un problema de salud pública, que se ha presentado en los primeros años de vida. Investigaciones realizadas han informado la existencia de insatisfacción corporal relacionada con el peso, debido a los estándares de belleza establecidos en la sociedad. Objetivo: asociar el índice de masa corporal con la insatisfacción corporal y percepción de la imagen corporal de los escolares. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal con 610 escolares. El estado nutricional se clasificó según el puntaje z del IMC. Para determinar la insatisfacción corporal y la percepción de la imagen corporal, se aplicó una escala de imagen corporal infantil de siete fotografías, con un valor del 1 al 7 de acuerdo con el tamaño creciente, y el rango final del IMC. Se calculó la diferencia entre la figura que los participantes consideraron ideal y la forma corporal percibida. Resultados: el 47,3% presentaron sobrepeso y obesidad. La insatisfacción corporal fue mayor en las niñas con sobrepeso y obesidad (p = 0,013). El IMC correlacionó con la insatisfacción corporal (rho(608) = 0,480; p < 0,001) y la percepción de la imagen corporal (rho(608) = 0,433; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: El IMC se relacionó positivamente con la insatisfacción corporal y la percepción de la imagen corporal; esto podría elevar el riesgo de presentar trastornos alimentarios, contribuir al mantenimiento del exceso de peso corporal, al no percibirse con exceso de peso, es menos probable que realicen acciones para controlarlo(AU)

Introduction: Excessive malnutrition causes overweight and obesity, being a public health problem, which has occurred in the first years of life. Research has reported the existence of body dissatisfaction related to weight, due to beauty standards established in society. Objective: to associate the BMI with body dissatisfaction and body image perception of schoolchildren. Materials and methods: cross-sectional study of 610 schoolchildren. Nutritional status was classified according to the BMI z score. To determine body dissatisfaction and body image perception, a child body image scale of seven photographs was applied, with a value of 1 to 7 according to the increasing size, and the final range of the BMI. The difference between the figure that participants considered ideal, and the perceived body shape was calculated. Results: 47.3% were overweight and obese. Body dissatisfaction was higher in overweight and obese girls (p = 0.013). BMI correlated with body dissatisfaction (rho(608) = 0.480; p < 0.001) and body image perception (rho(608) = 0.433; p < 0.001). Conclusions: BMI was positively related to body dissatisfaction and body image perception; this could increase the risk of developing eating disorders, contribute to the maintenance of excess body weight, as it is not perceived with excess weight, are less likely to take actions to control it(AU)

Differences in the impacts of muscle dysmorphia symptoms on distress between heterosexual women and homo/bisexual women.

Muscle Dysmorphia (MD) and its psychological impacts on women, especially within sexual minorities, are still relatively understudied. The objective of this study was to compare the relationship of MD symptoms and psychological distress between heterosexual women and lesbian/bisexual women. Our sample consisted of 479 Brazilian cisgender women from the community, aged between 18 and 70 years (M = 32.78; SD = 10.45). Among them, 327 (68.27 %) identified as heterosexual, 134 (27.98 %) as bisexual, and 18 (3.76 %) as lesbian. To ensure there was no bias due to measurement error, the psychometric properties of the instruments in the sample were tested, and invariance between the groups was assessed. t-tests, structural equation modeling, and latent profile analyses were conducted to comprehend the differences between the groups. The results indicated significant differences and a greater severity of MD symptoms and distress for lesbian/bisexual women. The implications of these results are discussed, emphasizing the need for further exploration of MD studies within sexual minorities.

Effects of linear periodized and non-periodized combined training on body image perception of adults with obesity: A randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: Verify the effect of non-periodized and linear periodized combined training on body image perception and body dissatisfaction in adults with obesity. DESIGN: A randomized clinical trial on the effect of two types of combined training periodization was carried out on people with grade I and II obesity. SETTING: Participants were allocated into three groups: non-periodized periodization group, linear periodization group, and control group, with 23 participants in each. SUBJECTS: Adults with obesity, with a body mass index between 30 kg/m² and 40 kg/m². INTERVENTIONS: The intervention lasted 16 weeks (separated into three mesocycles of 4 weeks and 1 week of familiarization), in 3 weekly sessions of 1 hour each, composed of aerobic (30 min) and muscle strength exercises (six exercises) in the same session. The group with non-periodized model maintained uniform intensity, volume, and workload throughout the mesocycles. The group with the linear periodization model started with low initial intensity, subsequently introducing a gradual increase of intensity in the mesocycles. MAIN MEASURES: Body image perception (current and ideal silhouette) and body dissatisfaction were assessed using the Stunkard silhouette scale. RESULTS: The perception of the current silhouette increased only in the control group (Δ = 1.16; p = 0.04). There was a significant reduction in the ideal silhouette over time (p = 0.001), especially in non-periodized group (Δ = -1.26). Body dissatisfaction increased significantly only over time (p = 0.001), especially for control group (Δ = 1.47). CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of periodization, combined training effectively maintained the perception of the current silhouette and reduced the ideal silhouette in adults with obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-3c7rt3).

Body image perception and dissatisfaction in resistance training practitioners: A critical review of the literature of Brazilian studies and assessment tools used.

This study aimed to review the findings on body image (BI) dissatisfaction and muscle dysmorphia (MD) in Brazilian RT practitioners and the differences in the assessment tools used. A critical review of studies with searches in PubMed, Brazilian Virtual Health Library, SciELO, PsycInfo, and SPORTDiscus databases was conducted. A total of 23 studies were included. Nine tools were used to assess BI dissatisfaction or MD: three questionnaires and six visual scales. The overall mean BI dissatisfaction was 56.5% (59.2% in men vs 57.3% in women). The mean MD was 42.4% (45.1% in women vs 38.5% in men). BI dissatisfaction and MD are related to women seeking slimness and men wanting to increase muscle mass. In conclusion, the frequency of BI was high in both sexes, and MD, when identified, was higher in women. The scales and questionnaires used differ significantly in depth and scope for the same purpose.

Insatisfação com a imagem corporal e baixa aderência ao padrão alimentar ocidental em escolares: um estudo transversal / Body image dissatisfaction and low adherence to the Western dietary standard among schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study

Resumo Este estudo objetivou identificar padrões alimentares e avaliar a associação entre percepção da imagem corporal e esses padrões em escolares. Um estudo transversal foi conduzido em 385 escolares (ambos os sexos, 10-17 anos de idade) de 4 escolas públicas de Salvador, Brasil. Dois recordatórios alimentares de 24h não consecutivos foram aplicados e o padrão alimentar foi determinado por Análise Fatorial Exploratória, após ajuste dos dados dietéticos pelo Multiple Source Method. Para avaliar percepção da imagem corporal, nós usamos uma escala brasileira de silhuetas. Avaliamos as associações entre percepção da imagem corporal e padrões alimentares usando o modelo de regressão logística politômica ajustado para covariáveis. Três padrões alimentares foram obtidos: "padrão ocidental", "padrão saudável" e "comidas típicas/junk food". Após ajuste, adolescentes que desejavam uma silhueta menor (2,48 [IC95%: 1,04-6,11], 3,49 [IC95%: 1,35-9,05] e 2,87 [IC95%: 1,13-7,26]) tinham mais chances de aderir aos quintis de menor consumo do padrão ocidental, comparados àqueles satisfeitos com sua imagem corporal. Nenhuma associação foi identificada nos outros dois padrões alimentares. Adolescentes insatisfeitos com seus corpos tendem a aderir menos a padrões alimentares não saudáveis.

Abstract This study aimed to identify dietary patterns and to evaluate the association between body image perception and these patterns among schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 schoolchildren (both sexes, 10-17 years old) from four public schools in Salvador, Brazil. Two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls were applied, and the dietary pattern was determined by Exploratory Factor Analysis after adjustment of dietary data using the Multiple Source Method. To evaluate body image perception, the Brazilian body shape silhouette was used. The associations between body image perception and dietary patterns using the polytomous logistic regression model adjusted for covariables was assessed. Three dietary patterns were obtained: "Western standard," unhealthy, "healthy pattern" and "typical dishes/ junk food." After adjustment, adolescents who wished for a slimmer silhouette (2.48 [95%CI: 1.04-6.11], 3.49 [95%CI: 1.35-9.05] and 2.87 [95%CI: 1.13-7.26]) were more likely to adhere to the quintiles with the lowest consumption of the Western standard, compared to those satisfied with their body image. No associations were identified in the other two dietary patterns. Adolescents dissatisfied with their bodies tend to adhere less to unhealthy dietary patterns.

Repercussões da Covid-19 na percepção de mudanças de peso e satisfação corporal: comparação entre mulheres com e sem transtornos alimentares / Impacts of Covid-19 on weight change perception and body satisfaction: a comparison between women with and without eating disorders

Introdução: A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe consequências diversas para a saúde mental e física das pessoas. O contexto de isolamento social potencializou problemas relacionados à imagem corporal, principalmente em pessoas com transtornos alimentares. Objetivo: Analisar as repercussões da Covid-19 em variáveis antropométricas em relação a percepção de peso e satisfação corporal, comparando mulheres com transtornos alimentares e aquelas sem essa condição. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo, comparativo e transversal. Mulheres com transtornos alimentares em tratamento (GTA) foram recrutadas de cinco serviços nas regiões Sul e Sudeste. A contrapartida, o grupo controle (GCO) foi composto por mulheres sem TA, recrutadas on-line e com o escore negativo no teste EAT-26. Questionários on-line foram aplicados entre junho de 2020 e janeiro de 2021. Análises estatísticas incluíram Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Exato de Fisher e regressões logísticas pelo SPSS 23.0. Resultados: Participaram 174 mulheres jovens (31,94±9,35 anos), com formação superior (71,3%) e companheiro (61,5%), que estavam em isolamento social. O GTA foi composto por 58 mulheres e GCO, 116. A maioria (55,2%) do GTA notou aumento do peso corporal, enquanto se mostrou pouco satisfeita com a imagem corporal (81%), resultado diferente estatisticamente do GCO. A associação entre mulheres com TA e pouca satisfação corporal foi significativa (p=0,0010). Aquelas em isolamento social e com sobrepeso ou obesidade tiveram maior probabilidade de percepção de aumento de peso. Conclusão: A pandemia da Covid-19 intensificou a insatisfação corporal, principalmente entre mulheres com transtornos alimentares. Aquelas em isolamento com sobrepeso ou obesidade perceberam mais aumento de peso, apontando a necessidade de estratégias de intervenção para esses grupos.

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic led to various consequences for people's mental and physical health. The context of social isolation exacerbated problems related to body image, especially in individuals with eating disorders. Objective: To analyze the repercussions of Covid-19 on anthropometric variables regarding weight perception and body satisfaction, comparing women with eating disorders to those without this condition. Methods: Observational, descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional study. Women with eating disorders in treatment (EDG) were recruited from five services in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil. The counterpart, the control group (CG), consisted of women without eating disorders recruited online and with a negative score on the EAT-26 test. Online questionnaires were applied between June 2020 and January 2021. Statistical analyses included Pearson's Chi-square or Fisher's Exact test and logistic regressions, performed using the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: Participants were 174 young women (31.94±9.35 years of age), with higher education (71.3%) and with a partner (61.5%), who were in social isolation. The EDG consisted of 58 women, with116 in the CG. The majority (55.2%) of the EDG noticed an increase in body weight while being dissatisfied with body image (81.0%), a statistically different result from the CG. The association between women with eating disorders and low body satisfaction was significant (p=.0010). Those in social isolation and overweight or obese were more likely to perceive weight gain. Conclusion: The Covid-19 pandemic intensified body dissatisfaction, especially among women with eating disorders. Those in isolation who were overweight or obese perceived more weight gain, indicating the need for intervention strategies for these groups.

Imagem corporal e fatores associados em estudantes da rede municipal de ensino em uma cidade no sul do Brasil / Body image and associated factors among students from the municipal school network in a city in southern Brazil

Resumo A percepção negativa da imagem corporal está relacionada à piora da saúde física e mental. Estudo transversal objetivou descrever a relação entre imagem corporal e fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e comportamentais nos estudantes do nono ano de 25 escolas municipais de ensino fundamental em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Participaram 810 estudantes (85% dos elegíveis), de 13 a 22 anos (média de 14,9 anos). Dados foram coletados mediante questionário padronizado e pré-codificado e a relação entre o desfecho (estar satisfeito, indiferente ou insatisfeito em relação à imagem corporal), e variáveis independentes, foi analisada por Regressão Logística Multinomial. Prevalência de insatisfação corporal de 31%, maior entre as meninas que experimentaram fumo ou álcool, sofreram bullying, se percebiam como gordas ou magras e tentavam perder ou ganhar peso. Maior indiferença nas que atribuíram pouca ou nenhuma importância à imagem. Nos meninos, mais chances de insatisfação entre os que experimentaram fumo, sofreram bullying, atribuíram pouca ou nenhuma importância à imagem, se percebiam gordos e tentavam ganhar peso. Maior indiferença nos meninos que atribuíram pouca importância à imagem e estavam obesos. Cerca de um terço da amostra apresentou insatisfação, que esteve associada a alguns fatores comportamentais.

Abstract A negative perception of body image is related to worsening of physical and mental health. This cross-sectional study sought to describe the relationship between body image and demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral factors in ninth grade students from 25 municipal elementary schools in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. A total of 810 students participated (85% of those eligible), aged 13 to 22 years (mean age 14.9 years). Data were collected through a standardized and pre-coded questionnaire and the relationship between the outcome (satisfied/indifferent or dissatisfied with body image), and independent variables were analyzed using Multinomial Logistic Regression. The prevalence of body dissatisfaction of 31%, higher among girls who tried smoking or alcohol, suffered bullying, perceived themselves as fat/thin and tried to lose/gain weight. There was greater indifference among those who attributed little or no importance to image. In boys, there was a higher incidence of dissatisfaction among those who tried smoking, suffered bullying, gave little/no importance to image, saw themselves as fat and tried to gain weight. There was greater indifference in boys who attributed little importance to image and were obese. A third of the sample were dissatisfied, which was associated with various behavioral factors.

Programs to improve body image in adolescents: A systematic review / Programas para mejorar la imagen corporal en adolescentes: una revisión sistemática

Abstract Objective: To examine the intervention programs that have been conducted on body image in adolescents. Materials and methods: The PRISMA statement was used in this review. The search for studies was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE-ProQuest, and EBSCO databases from January 1, 2017, to January 25, 2022. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, developed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project. Results: Eight studies were included, most of which had a strong methodological quality. The results obtained after the implementation of the programs reflected favorable changes in body image and body satisfaction for adolescents between 11 and 18 years old, only for five studies. Additionally, five studies maintained the same changes at follow-up. Conclusions: Findings from this review allow us to conclude that intervention programs are a safe and effective way to influence adolescent body image.

Resumen Objetivo: Examinar los programas de intervención que se han realizado sobre imagen corporal en adolescentes. Materiales y métodos: En esta revisión se utilizó la declaración PRISMA. La búsqueda de los estudios se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE-ProQuest y EBSCO, a partir del 1 enero de 2017 hasta el 25 de enero de 2022. La calidad metodológica se evaluó a través de la Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, desarrollada por el Effective Public Health Practice Project. Resultados: Se incluyeron ocho estudios, de los cuales la mayoría tuvo una calidad metodológica fuerte. Los resultados obtenidos después de la implementación de los programas reflejaron cambios favorables en la imagen corporal y en satisfacción corporal para los adolescentes de entre 11 y 18 años, solo para cinco estudios. Adicionalmente, cinco estudios mantuvieron en el seguimiento los mismos cambios. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos de esta revisión nos permiten concluir que los programas de intervención, constituyen una forma segura y eficaz de incidir en la imagen corporal de los adolescentes.

Is There an Association between Food Consumption According to the Degree of Processing and Body Image (Dis)satisfaction in Adolescents?

(1) Background: Adolescence is characterized by changes in eating habits, with increased consumption of ultra-processed foods and reduced intake of unprocessed or minimally processed foods, which can affect body image satisfaction. Thus, this study aims to verify the association of food consumption according to the degree of processing with body image (dis)satisfaction in adolescents from the 1997/1998 birth cohort of São Luís, Maranhão. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2515 adolescents aged between 18 and 19. Food consumption was stratified based on the NOVA classification in culinary preparations, processed foods, and ultra-processed foods, categorized into tertiles. Body image (dis)satisfaction was evaluated based on the Stunkard Body Scale and was classified as satisfaction, dissatisfaction with thinness, and dissatisfaction with excess weight. Multinomial logistic regression was used for associations. (3) Results: Among the adolescents, 77% considered themselves dissatisfied with their body image, with 42.8% dissatisfied with being thin and 34.2% dissatisfied with excess weight. However, food consumption, according to the degree of processing, was not associated with body image (dis)satisfaction. (4) Conclusion: This work highlighted the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction among adolescents but found no association between body (dis)satisfaction and food consumption according to the degree of processing.

Indicators Related to Marital Dissatisfaction.

This is a study on indicators related to marital dissatisfaction. The research was conducted by the psychology department of a reproductive health institution in Mexico City. The objective was to know the relation between marital satisfaction/dissatisfaction and gender roles, self-esteem, the types of coping strategies and the types of violence perceived from the partner. It was a nonexperimental, retrospective, cross-sectional study of two samples-one of women and one of men-classified by marital satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The nonprobability quota sampling included 208 participants: 104 women and 104 men. Comparisons, correlations and a discriminant analysis were made to identify the most significant variables. Women with marital dissatisfaction perceived blackmail, psychological violence and humiliation/devaluation from their partner; they preferably adopt a submissive gender role and use escape/avoidance as a coping strategy, and so do the men with marital dissatisfaction, who also perceived blackmail, control and psychological violence from their partner; they have low self-esteem, and they preferably adopt a submissive gender role. Isolating factors will allow for more specificity in terms of psychological care at health institutions as well as avoiding gender biases and preventing an increase of violence in couples.

Prevalencia del síndrome del impostor y nivel de autoestima en estudiantes de una facultad de medicina del Ecuador / Prevalence of impostor syndrome and level of self-esteem in students of a medical school in Ecuador

INTRODUCCIÓN. El síndrome del impostor es un trastorno caracterizado por la incapacidad del individuo para reconocer sus habilidades e interiorizar sus logros, lo cual impacta negativamente en la salud mental y desempeño académico-laboral. OBJETIVO. Identificar la prevalencia del síndrome del impostor y nivel de autoestima en estudiantes de una facultad de medicina del Ecuador. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio transversal descriptivo, aplicado en los estudiantes de medicina de segundo a décimo nivel, de la facultad de medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador en el periodo febrero a junio de 2022. Para el análisis estadístico se aplicaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas, tablas cruzadas, razón de prevalencia, chi cuadrado como contraste de hipótesis. RESULTADOS. La mayoría de estudiantes con síndrome de impostor fueron mujeres (74,2%); pertenecer al sexo femenino aumentó dos veces su probabilidad (Razón de prevalencia: 2,12; Índice de confianza: 95% 1,66-2,17; p: <0,001). Para el sexo masculino autopercibirse como perfeccionista incrementó dos veces la probabilidad (Razón de prevalencia: 2,3; Índice de confianza: 95% 1,53-3,46; p: < 0,001). La autoestima baja no se asoció a mayor probabilidad de desarrollar este síndrome. En contraste, no percibir apoyo social incrementó al doble su probabilidad (Razón de prevalencia: 1,72; Índice de confianza: 95% 1,16-2,55; p 0,007). DISCUSIÓN. Estudios previos muestran elevada prevalencia de este síndrome en estudiantes medicina, con predominio en mujeres. En concordancia con la literatura citada, no existió asociación entre nivel de carrera y síndrome del impostor; el perfeccionismo se asocia a mayor probabilidad de síndrome del impostor. CONCLUSIÓN. El síndrome del impostor es frecuente en estudiantes de medicina, existen factores determinantes que incrementan la probabilidad del síndrome como ser mujer, autopercibirse como perfeccionista en la población masculina y no percibir apoyo social, la importancia de su reconocimiento reside en la prevención del distrés psicológico y la deserción académica.

INTRODUCTION. Impostor syndrome is a disorder characterized by an individual's inability to recognize his or her abilities and internalize his or her accomplishments, which negatively impacts mental health and academic and occupational performance. OBJECTIVE. To identify the prevalence of impostor syndrome and level of self-esteem in students of a medical school in Ecuador. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Descriptive cross-sectional study, applied to medical students from second to tenth level, of the medical school of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador in the period January to June 2022. For the statistical analysis, absolute and relative frequencies, cross tables, prevalence ratio, chi-square and hypothesis testing were applied. RESULTS. The majority of students with impostor syndrome were female (74.2%); belonging to the female sex increased their probability twice (Prevalence ratio: 2.12; Confidence index: 95% 1.66-2.17; p: < 0.001). For the male sex, self-perceiving oneself as a perfectionist increased the probability twice (Prevalence ratio: 2.3; Confidence index: 95% 1.53-3.46; p: < 0.001). Low self-esteem was not associated with a higher probability of developing this syndrome. In contrast, not perceiving social support doubled its probability (Prevalence ratio: 1.72; Confidence index: 95% 1.16-2.55; p 0.007). DISCUSSION. Previous studies show a high prevalence of this syndrome in medical students, with a predominance in women. In agreement with the literature cited, there was no association between career level and impostor syndrome; perfectionism is associated with a higher probability of impostor syndrome. CONCLUSIONS. Impostor syndrome is frequent in medical students, there are determinant factors that increase the probability of the syndrome such as being a woman, self-perceived perfectionism in the male population and not perceiving social support, the importance of its recognition lies in the prevention of psychological distress and academic desertion.

Emotional intelligence subdimensions as moderators in the association between body dissatisfaction and symptoms of eating disorders among female Mexican adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: Strong empirical research has shown a relationship between body dissatisfaction and symptoms of eating disorders (ED) and the direct and combined influence of emotional factors and dimensions of emotional intelligence (EI) on ED symptoms. However, whether these emotional variables and competencies moderate the well-established relationship between body dissatisfaction and ED symptomatology has not yet been tested. Neither have studies of this nature been performed among high at-risk populations such as Mexican female adolescents. Thus, this research aimed to explore the moderator role of EI subdimensions in the relationship between body dissatisfaction and ED symptoms among female adolescents from Sinaloa, Mexico. METHODS: A total of 485 female adolescents aged 14-19 years old (M = 16.81, SD = 1.33) who were students in middle school, high school, and college completed questionnaires about body dissatisfaction, ED symptomatology, and EI. We conducted moderating analyses. RESULTS: Subdimensions of EI significantly moderated the relationship between body dissatisfaction and symptoms of ED. For participants high in body dissatisfaction, lower levels in stress management ability and higher levels in the interpersonal EI and Adaptability EI dimensions were associated with higher levels of ED symptomatology. DISCUSSION: Subdimensions of EI have an important role in moderating the association between body dissatisfaction and symptoms of ED. The findings of this study contribute to improving the knowledge about the role of emotional competencies in ED. Proposals for future research and to improve preventative approaches are discussed. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study shows the moderating role of EI dimensions in the well-established relationship between body dissatisfaction and ED symptomatology. The research was conducted with a population at high risk of ED: female adolescents in the northwest of Mexico. Results showed that low Stress management EI, high Adaptability EI, and high Interpersonal EI were associated with higher levels of ED symptomatology among participants with high (but not low) body dissatisfaction. These insightful results have theoretical and practical implications.

Disordered eating during COVID-19 pandemic is associated with nutritional status, negative mood changes, and body image in university students.

Our objective was to evaluate disordered eating and associated factors in university students in the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. This is an analytical cross-sectional observational study, and data collection took place between May and June 2020, using an online semi-structured questionnaire. In total, 936 students were evaluated. Present signs/symptoms of the flu syndrome (OR = 1.605), negative mood changes (OR = 1.628), weight gain (OR = 1.739), obesity (OR = 3.089), follow fitness/health profile on social media (OR = 2.050), having inadequate body perception (OR = 2.416), and body dissatisfaction (OR = 2.612) increased the chances of presenting a higher score on the disordered eating scale.

Sexual dysfunction, depression, and marital dissatisfaction among Brazilian couples.

BACKGROUND: Health professionals treating sexual dysfunction and relational dissatisfaction recognize that they are multifactorial phenomena, and depression can be bidirectionally associated with both. AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate sexual dysfunction in heterosexual couples in relation to the quality of their marital relationship and depression symptoms. METHODS: The sample consisted of 100 heterosexual couples recruited in Brazil. Both partners of each couple completed the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction and the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Marital Satisfaction, which were translated and adapted, and the Beck Depression Inventory, which was validated for the Brazilian population. Both partners completed their questionnaires separately, and the couple's surveys were linked to preserve conjugal data for dyadic analysis. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model was used to understand how sexual dysfunction in couples is related to depression and relationship quality among and between partners. RESULTS: Sexual dysfunction was found to be strongly associated with dissatisfaction in the relationship (husbands, ß = 0.57, P < 0.001; wives, ß = 0.60, P < 0.001), and a positive association was found between depressive symptoms and marital dissatisfaction (husbands, ß = .32, P < .001; wives ß = .40, P < .001). CLINICAL IMPLICATION: The results suggest that it is important for health professionals to be aware of the dyadic impact of struggles with both sex and the relationship and the presence of depression symptoms in patients who seek care for sexual complaints or depression and who are in a marital relationship. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: The different results found for men and women may shed light on the biopsychosocial dimensions of human sexuality. When treated as a purely physical experience, sex is myopic. In this study we demonstrated psychosocial aspects associated with gender and sexuality, and the partner's variables were found to have a greater impact on women than they did on the men. A limitation of this study is that the sample is not generalizable as it is not demographically representative of all socioeconomic groups in Brazil. Furthermore, the participants in this sample did not have clinical levels of depression, so the results cannot be extended to couples in which one or both spouses have depressive disorder. CONCLUSION: It was found that sexual dysfunction is strongly associated with the quality of the couple relationship, and that the quality of relationship plays a mediating role between depression and marital quality, especially for the women.

Body Weight Dissatisfaction and Health Risk Behaviors in Adolescents.

Body weight dissatisfaction has been described as a marker for various health diseases, given its direct association with social, physical, and emotional suffering. We investigated the association between body weight dissatisfaction and health risk behaviors in adolescents. This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 668 adolescents aged 14-19 years in the city of São José, southern Brazil. Body weight satisfaction/dissatisfaction was assessed using a questionnaire validated for the investigated population. Health risk behaviors included smoking, alcohol, illicit drugs, medication, non-prescription anabolic steroids, not using seatbelt, unsafe sexual behavior and not knowing how to deal with day-to-day stress. Among males, 66.1% were dissatisfied with their body weight (32.1% due to thinness and 34.0% due to overweight). Among females, 80.0% were dissatisfied with their body weight (24.5% due to thinness and 55.5% due to overweight). There were no significant differences regarding health risk behaviors according to body weight satisfaction/dissatisfaction and sex. Compared to males who were satisfied with their body weight, those who were dissatisfied due to being overweight were more likely to be using tobacco (OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 2.1-4.2), alcohol (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.5-1.9) and anabolic steroids (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2-5.7). Compared to females who were satisfied with their body weight, those who were dissatisfied due to thinness were more likely to be consuming alcoholic beverages (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2-2.0) and less likely to be consuming illicit drugs (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3-0.8). Interventions aimed at health education regarding the non-adoption of risk behaviors such as alcohol and tobacco use, as well as the non-use of anabolic steroids, and favoring the maintenance of general health, may be important for adolescents with body dissatisfaction. These data suggest that health risk behaviors such as adolescent male use of tobacco, alcohol, and anabolic steroids and the use of alcohol and drugs by female adolescents can be related to body weight dissatisfaction.

Association of Weight Perception, Body Satisfaction, and Weight Loss Intention With Patterns of Health Risk Behaviors in Adolescents With Overweight and Obesity.

Obesity is a public health issue and childhood is a critical window in which to establish healthy eating patterns and modify risk factors for overweight. This study aims to verify the association of weight perception, body satisfaction, and weight loss intention with patterns of health risk behaviors in adolescents with overweight and obesity. We analyzed health risk behavior from a school-based national survey conducted in 2015 in Brazil (n = 2,703 students with overweight or obesity, aged 13-17 years). We performed latent class analysis of alcohol consumption, tobacco use, physical activity, screen time, and eating habits for adolescents with overweight and identified four distinct health behavior patterns. The association of these patterns with weight perception, body satisfaction, and weight loss intention was analyzed through multinomial logistic regression. Adolescents who perceived themselves as "fat" or "very fat" were more likely to have a sedentary lifestyle and low consumption of fruit and vegetables. Body satisfaction was a protective factor against sedentary lifestyle. Students who reported weight loss intention were less likely to be in high-health-risk behavior groups (low consumption of fruit and vegetables; sedentary lifestyle; tobacco and alcohol use). Self-perception as overweight had detrimental associations, while body satisfaction was a protective factor for a healthy lifestyle. Weight loss intention still requires rigorous analysis due to inconsistencies in the literature. The complexity of the relationship between body image and obesity needs to be highlighted. Multicomponent strategies are required to control the global obesity pandemic.

Body image in children and adolescents diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: The relationship with body image, which is the way the body presents itself to each subject, can be aggravated in children and adolescents diagnosed with an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, since these patients use antiretroviral therapy and may suffer from the adverse effects of the treatment due to continuous use of medication. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction, to describe the assessment methods, and to identify associated factors in children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV. DESIGN AND SETTING: This is a systematic review. Department of Physical Education, Florianópolis - Brazil METHODS: We followed the procedures of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) and the Cochrane recommendations in the selection of articles through a search performed in eight databases. RESULTS: Prevalence of body image dissatisfaction due to thinness was between 36.7-52.0% in males and 28.1-36.4% in females, and body image dissatisfaction due to overweight was between 8.0-31.2% in males and 21.9-50.0% in females. Factors associated with body image dissatisfaction were as follows: female sex, older age, low levels of physical activity, low self-esteem, higher body fat, higher body weight, greater arm muscle area, triceps skinfold thickness, and higher body mass index. CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents of both sexes diagnosed with HIV infection are dissatisfied by thinness and overweight of their body image. REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ (CRD42021257676).

Autopercepção alimentar, imagem corporal e nível de atividade física de universitários que migram para estudar em outra cidade / Food self-perception, body image and physical activity level of university students migrating to study in another city / Autopercepción alimentaria, imagen corporal y nivel de actividad física de estudiantes universitarios que emigran para estudiar en otra ciudad

Objetivo: Avaliar a autopercepção das alterações alimentares, imagem corporal e nível de atividade física de estudantes que migraram para estudar em outra cidade. Métodos: Perfrmou-se um estudo transversal com 28 universitários que responderam 25 questões de um formulário online sobre as alterações alimentares, imagem corporal e nível de atividade física decorrentes da mudança de residência. Resultados: Para o fator quantidade alimentar verificou-se relatos de mudar boa parte ou quase tudo, contudo a qualidade das alterações foram ambíguas como mudar para pior e para melhor, bem como aumetar e diminuir a quantidade de comida por refeição. Estudantes reduziram o número de refeições por dia para 3 a 4, e informaram consumir fast food de 2 a 4x/mês. Avaliados exibiram alto índice de insatifação corporal por sobrepeso, serem fisicamente ativos e elevado tempo sentado. Não observou-se diferença estatística entre os sexos nos parâmetros estudados, todavia, o percentual de homens que diminiuram o número de refeições, insatisfeitos por sobrepeso e ativos fisicamente foi maior. Conclusão: Residir em outra cidade para estudar pode alterar os padrões alimentares de universitários, como também estar assodiada à insatisfação corporal e a comportamentos sedentários apesar de serem fisicamente ativos. Baixo consumo de fast food foi justificado à predominância dos estudantes ter formação acadêmica na área de saúde.

Objective: To evaluate the self-perception of dietary changes, body image and physical activity level of students who migrated to study in another city. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 28 university students who answered 25 questions on an online form about dietary changes, body image and physical activity level resulting from the change of residence. Results: For the food quantity factor, there were reports of changing most or almost everything, however the quality of the changes were ambiguous, such as changing for worse and for better, as well as increasing and decreasing the amount of food per meal. Students reduced the number of meals per day to 3 to 4, and reported consuming fast food 2 to 4 times/month. Evaluators exhibited a high rate of body dissatisfaction due to being overweight, being physically active and sitting for a long time. There was no statistical difference between genders in the studied parameters, however, the percentage of men who reduced the number of meals, dissatisfied with being overweight and physically active was higher. Conclusion: Living in another city to study can change the eating patterns of university students, as well as being associated with body dissatisfaction and sedentary behavior despite being physically active. Low consumption of fast food was justified by the predominance of students with academic training in the health area.

Objetivo: Evaluar la autopercepción de cambios alimentarios, la imagen corporal y el nivel de actividad física de estudiantes que emigraron para estudiar en otra ciudad. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 28 estudiantes universitarios que respondieron 25 preguntas en un formulario online sobre cambios dietéticos, imagen corporal y nivel de actividad física derivados del cambio de residencia. Resultados: Para el factor cantidad de alimentos, hubo informes de cambiar casi todo o casi todo, sin embargo la calidad de los cambios fue ambigua, como cambiar para peor y para mejor, así como aumentar y disminuir la cantidad de alimentos por comida. Los estudiantes redujeron el número de comidas al día a 3 ó 4, e informaron de que consumían comida rápida entre 2 y 4 veces al mes. Los evaluadores mostraron un alto índice de insatisfacción corporal debido al sobrepeso, a la falta de actividad física y a permanecer mucho tiempo sentados. No hubo diferencias estadísticas entre géneros en los parámetros estudiados, sin embargo, fue mayor el porcentaje de hombres que redujeron el número de comidas, insatisfechos con el sobrepeso y físicamente activos. Conclusiones: Vivir en otra ciudad para estudiar puede cambiar los patrones alimentarios de los universitarios, además de estar asociado a la insatisfacción corporal y al sedentarismo a pesar de ser físicamente activos. El bajo consumo de comida rápida se justificó por el predominio de estudiantes con formación académica en el área de la salud.

Prevalence of body weight dissatisfaction among adolescents: a systematic review / Prevalência de insatisfação com o peso corporal entre adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction among adolescents aged 10-19 years and stratify the analysis by sex. Data source: A literature review of cross-sectional studies among healthy adolescents was performed. The U.S. National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Ovid® (Wolters Kluwer), The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and American Psychological Association (PsycINFO®) databases were searched between May 2019 and January 2020. Data synthesis: Initially, 3,700 records were identified, and 10 papers were obtained through other sources. After the removal of duplicates, 1,732 records were screened based on the titles and abstracts, and 126 were preselected for full-text analysis. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 34 papers were included in the present review. The studies were published between 1997 and 2020. The sample size ranged from <150 to >103,000 adolescents. The prevalence of weight dissatisfaction ranged from 18.0 to 56.6% in both sexes (10.8-82.5% among boys and 19.2-83.8% among girls). Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present systematic review, the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction is high among adolescents, especially girls. Such information can contribute to the planning of health and education programs addressing the issue of weight in adolescents.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as prevalências de insatisfação com o peso corporal em adolescentes de dez a 19 anos, segundo o sexo. Fontes de dados: Foram selecionados estudos transversais que descreviam as prevalências de insatisfação com o peso em adolescentes saudáveis, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Não foram estabelecidos limites para o ano de publicação ou país. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados US National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Ovid® (Wolters Kluwer), The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) e American Psychological Association (PsycINFO®), entre maio de 2019 e janeiro de 2020. Síntese dos dados: Inicialmente identificaram-se 3.700 registros e dez estudos em outras fontes de dados. Após a remoção dos estudos duplicados, foram rastreados 1.732 registros para a leitura de títulos e resumos, dos quais 126 artigos foram selecionados para avaliação do texto completo. Por fim, foi incluído nesta pesquisa o total de 34 artigos. Os estudos foram publicados entre 1997 e 2020. Os tamanhos amostrais variaram de <150 a >103.000 adolescentes. As prevalências de insatisfação com o peso variaram de 18,0 a 56,6% em ambos os sexos (10,8 a 82,5% no sexo masculino e 19,2 a 83,8% no feminino). Conclusões: Esta revisão identificou elevada prevalência de insatisfação com o peso corporal em adolescentes, superior em meninas. Tais informações podem contribuir para o planejamento de programas de saúde e educação direcionados à questão do peso em adolescentes.

The effects of intuitive eating on body appreciation, body mass index, and nutritional behaviors in adults: a sample of Türkiye / Os efeitos da alimentação intuitiva na apreciação do corpo, índice de massa corporal e comportamentos nutricionais em adultos: uma amostra da Türkiye

ABSTRACT Objective Intuitive eating is an adaptive eating style that makes a strong connection with internal physiological manifestations of hunger and satiety. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of intuitive eating on body appreciation, body mass index, and nutritional behaviors in adults. Methods Sample consisted of 497 individuals. Data were collected online. The questionnaire form included a general information and physical activity evaluation form, anthropometric measurements, Intuitive Eating Scale-2, Body Appreciation Scale-2, and food frequency questionnaire. Results A statistically significant relationship was found between body mass index and eating for physical rather than emotional reasons, reliance on internal hunger and satiety cues, body-food choice congruence subscale scores, and total scale score. There was a correlation between body appreciation and unconditional permission to eat, reliance on internal hunger and satiety cues, body-food choice congruence subscale scores, and total scale score. The number of physically active intuitive eaters was significantly higher than non-intuitive eaters. A significant correlation was found between intuitive eating scores and frequency of consumption of fish, cake, biscuit, chocolate, granulated sugar, honey, jam, molasses, pastries and dairy-based desserts, sunflower oil, margarine, and sugary, carbonated drinks. Conclusion Intuitive eating can be an effective tool in sustaining and controlling weight loss, and with more studies, it may be possible to further spread this practice

RESUMO Objetivo A alimentação intuitiva é um estilo alimentar adaptativo que faz uma forte conexão com as manifestações fisiológicas internas de fome e saciedade. Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar o efeito da alimentação intuitiva na apreciação corporal, índice de massa corporal e comportamentos nutricionais em adultos. Métodos A amostra foi composta por 497 indivíduos. Os dados foram coletados online. O formulário do questionário incluiu um formulário de informações gerais e avaliação de atividade física, medidas antropométricas, Intuitive Eating Scale-2, Body Appreciation Scale-2 e questionário de frequência alimentar. Resultados Uma relação estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada entre o índice de massa corporal e a alimentação com base em razões fisiológicas em vez de razões emocionais, dependência de sinais de saciedade, pontuação da subescala de adequação da escolha do alimento corporal e pontuação total da escala. Houve uma correlação entre a apreciação do corpo e o consentimento incondicional para comer, confiança nos sinais de saciedade, pontuação da subescala de adequação da escolha do alimento corporal e pontuação total da escala. A quantidade de comedores intuitivos fisicamente ativos foi significativamente maior do que a dos comedores não intuitivos. Foi encontrada correlação significativa entre o escore de alimentação intuitiva e a frequência de consumo de peixe, bolo, biscoito, chocolate, açúcar granulado, mel, geleia, melado, doces e sobremesas lácteas, óleo de girassol, margarina e refrigerantes açucarados. Conclusão A alimentação intuitiva pode ser uma ferramenta eficaz na sustentação e controle da perda de peso e, com mais estudos, pode ser possível disseminar mais essa prática.