Long-term impact of early initiation of enzyme replacement therapy in 34 MPS VI patients: A resurvey study.

Patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) present with a wide range of disease severity and clinical manifestations, with significant functional impairment and shortened lifespan. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with galsulfase has been shown to improve clinical and biochemical parameters including patient survival, quality of life and growth. The present study is a resurvey of 34 Brazilian MPS VI patients with rapidly progressive disease (classical phenotype) who initiated ERT with galsulfase under five years of age and had been on ERT until data collection in 2019, with few exceptions (n = 4 patients who died before 2019). Anthropometric measures, urinary glycosaminoglycans, and data regarding cardiac, orthopedic, neurologic, sleep apnea, hearing and ophthalmologic outcomes were filled in by specialists. Pubertal development, clinical complications, hospitalizations, and surgeries were also assessed. In this resurvey study, treatment with galsulfase has shown to be safe and well tolerated in MPS VI patients who initiated ERT under the age of 5 years and who have been undergoing ERT for approximately 10 years. Mortality rate suggests that early initiation of ERT may have a positive impact on patients' survival, improving but not preventing disease progression and death. MPS VI patients on ERT also showed improved growth velocity and the pubertal development was normal in all surviving patients. Follow-up data on pneumonia and hospitalization suggest that early ERT may have a protective effect against major respiratory complications. Cardiac valve disease progressed since their prior evaluation and spinal cord compression was observed in a large number of patients, suggesting that these disease complications were not modified by ERT.

Home treatment of type VI mucopolysaccharidosis (Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome) an alternative at this time of COVID-19 pandemic: A case in Peru.

We report a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, on long-term enzyme replacement home therapy. Results support the efficacy and safety benefits, with additional advantage of home therapy to minimize the risk of community-transmitted infections.

Long-Term Galsulfase Treatment Associated With Improved Survival of Patients With Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (Maroteaux-Lamy Syndrome): 15-Year Follow-Up From the Survey Study

Abstract Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI) is a progressive lysosomal storage disorder with multiorgan and multisystemic pathology. Currently, galsulfase enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the only approved treatment for MPS VI. A crosssectional survey study of 121 patients with MPS VI conducted in 2001 to 2002 and a 10-year follow-up study of the same patients (resurvey study; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01387854) found that those receiving galsulfase at any time showed physical improvements and a lower mortality rate (16.5%) versus treatment-naive patients (50%). After *15 years, galsulfasetreated patients (n » 104) continue to have a survival advantage over treatment-naive patients (n » 14), as demonstrated by a 24% versus 57% mortality rate. This survival advantage is further supported by data from the commercial use of galsulfase (2005-2016), which show a 5-year mortality rate for galsulfase-treated patients of 12.5%. Together, these findings suggest that galsulfase ERT can increase life expectancies for patients with MPS VI over a period of at least 15 years.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI on enzyme replacement therapy since infancy: Six years follow-up of four children.

Clinical and biochemical improvements are reported on Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) patients on Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) with rhASB (galsulfase, Naglazyme®), and preclinical and clinical studies have shown clinical benefits of early initiation. We report four unrelated MPS VI children who began ERT as infants (ages 5 days­10 months). The three older patients showed the first clinical signs of MPS VI at baseline, also presenting different degrees of dysostosis multiplex, and two had mild heart disease. The two oldest also had mild facial coarseness, one had hearing conduction deficit and sleep disorder and the other corneal clouding at baseline. After six years on ERT, all four patients have normal urinary GAG values. Although they all showed normal motor and mental development, brain and cervical spine MRI images available from two of the older patients showed abnormalities, while the youngest child continues having normal images. The four patients presented slower progression of bone and joint disease when compared to their affected older siblings. It should be noticed that only two patients in this sample are currently below the 3rd percentile for height: the youngest who has a constitutional factor associated and the eldest who already presented frank dysostosis at 10 months of age. These findings confirm previous studies that report that skeletal features of the disease cannot be completely prevented despite early ERT. Heart disease already present in two of the four infants at baseline got worse over time and appeared in another patient, but the youngest child on ERT introduction still has a normal echocardiogram at six years of age; he also is the only one without corneal clouding after six years follow-up. Our results also suggest that early ERT prevented storage in spleen and liver and may also have improved or prevented progression of facial dysmorphic features, corroborating similar findings seen in previous studies. No safety concerns were identified and none of the patients experienced a serious adverse event. The baseline severity of the disorder of these four infants seems related to age and it is tempting to say that severity on the first year of life is progressive and ERT effectiveness is indirectly related to it. Despite being known that MPS VI progresses differently among patients, the fact that these infants had a slower progression than their older siblings speaks in favor of a very early start of ERT. In conclusion, this report confirms the early manifestations of the disease and provides additional evidence on safety and of the beneficial effects of ERT in patients less than 1 year of age.

Mucopolysaccharidosis VI: Evaluation After 2 Years of Treatment

Abstract Introduction: Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI) is the result of the absence of arylsulfatase B leading to the abnormal lysosomal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans. Two different phenotypes have been described to date, namely, rapidly progressive and slowly progressive. Aim: To present the evolution of a slowly progressive phenotype of MPS VI in a patient after 2 years of enzyme replacement therapy. Case report: A 26-year-old man diagnosed with MPS VI at 9 years of age started enzyme replacement therapy with galsulfase due to cardiac, pulmonary, neurologic, and joint involvement. After 10 months of treatment, improvement in quality-of-life scales and walk test was evident. Because of persistent symptomatology associated with narrow cervical spinal canal, decompressive surgery was performed. After 2 years of treatment, there was a clear improvement in the respiratory, motor, and cardiac functions as well as in the spinal symptoms. Discussion: The evolution of our patient leads to the conclusion that the combined treatment of galasulfase and decompressive surgery should be indicated at an early stage in order to achieve best outcome for the patient.

Mucopolisacaridosis VI: aspectos clínicos, iagnósticos y del tratamiento con terapia de eemplazo enzimático / Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI: clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment with enzyme replacement therapy

La mucopolisacaridosis de tipo VI (MPS VI) es una enfermedad de almacenamiento lisosomal resultante del déficit o ausencia de la arilsulfatasa B, que conduce a una acumulación patológica de dermatán-sulfato. Presenta un amplio espectro de síntomas, que van desde formas lentas hasta rápidamente progresivas. Los síntomas característicos son el compromiso esquelético, facies tosca, cardiopatía y compresión medular cervical. El diagnóstico se realiza por la determinación de glucosaminoglucanos en la orina y de la actividad enzimática en una gota de sangre seca, leucocitos o cultivo de fibroblastos. Actualmente, la terapia de reemplazo enzimático (TRE) con galsulfasa ha mostrado mejorar el compromiso esquelético y estabilizar la función respiratoria y cardíaca. El compromiso medular no suele responder a la TRE cuando ya se encuentra presente, por lo que la descompresión quirúrgica debe indicarse en forma temprana. El pronóstico varía en función del fenotipo y de la edad de inicio del tratamiento

Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI) is a lysosomal storage disease associated with a deficiency or absence of arylsulfatase B leading to the abnormal accumulation of dermatan sulfate. MPS VI shows a wide spectrum of symptoms from slowly to rapidly progressing forms. The characteristic spectrum includes skeletal displasia, coarse facies, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary complications and spinal compression. Diagnosis generally requires measurement ofurinary glycosaminoglycans and arylsulfatase B enzyme activity in dried blood spot, leukocytes or cultured fibroblasts. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with galsulfase is now widely available providing improvement in skeletal performance and stabilization in pulmonary and cardiac functioning. Spinal involvement does not respond to ERT when is present, surgical decompression should be indicated early. Prognosis is variable depending on the age of onset and age at initiation of ERT.