Revealing motor insensitivity to food in Anorexia Nervosa as a potential mechanism contributing to calorie restriction: A mobile Approach Avoidance Task study.

A change in implicit behavioural tendencies toward foods may contribute to the maintenance of calorie restriction in Anorexia Nervosa (AN). To test this hypothesis, we assessed approach-avoidance tendencies toward different categories of stimuli using a novel mobile version of the approach-avoidance task (AAT). The sample included 66 patients with restrictive AN and 84 healthy controls, all females. All participants performed the AAT in which they were required to approach or avoid stimuli (high-calorie foods, low-calorie foods, and neutral objects) by respectively pulling their phone towards themselves of pushing it away. Both the response time and the force of each movement were collected by means of the smartphone's accelerometer. The results revealed that patients with AN had a reduced tendency to approach food stimuli compared to healthy controls, who instead presented faster and stronger movements in approaching rather than avoiding foods as compared to neutral objects. This finding was particularly pronounced in patients with greater levels of malnutrition. No differences were instead observed comparing high-calorie and low-calorie foods. The observed reduction in the natural tendency to approach food stimuli is consistent with patients' eating behaviour and may contribute to the maintenance of calorie restriction, thus representing a possible target for novel therapeutic approaches.

Exploring the Sociodemographic Factors and Consequences related to Alcohol Consumption among Older Indigenous Community of a District in Nepal: A Qualitative Study.

INTRODUCTION: Alcoholism is a major global public health concern associated with numerous health conditions. Alcohol use has been a cultural part of several ethnic groups in Nepal. This study aimed to explore the qualitative dimension of alcohol use, its promoting factors, and consequences in Nepalese communities. METHODS: Qualitative study was conducted among 20 older adults belonging to the Magar community of Mathagadhi Rural Municipality, Lumbini Province, Nepal after acquiring ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee of CiST College (Reference number: 179/078/079). The data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis, and themes were identified based on participants' responses to explore promoting factors for alcohol consumption along with its consequences. RESULTS: Traditional beliefs, cultural practices, and socioeconomic factors were the major contributors to alcohol misuse. Increased alcohol consumption during old age was perceived to be associated with body pain, tension, painful life events, and loneliness. CONCLUSIONS: A conflicting perception was observed, where some of the participants expressed the need to promote alcohol use as a part of their culture while some shared the view that the use of alcohol as a cultural practice should be limited. This study highlights the need for culturally appropriate interventions to address alcohol misuse among indigenous communities. Interventions should focus on addressing traditional beliefs and cultural practices that normalize alcohol consumption and the social and economic problems associated with alcohol misuse.

A Comprehensive Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Different Infant Feeding Types: The Observational Study GREEN MOTHER.

AIM(S): To observe and compare the environmental impacts of different types of infant feeding, considering the use of formula, infant feeding accessories, potentially increased maternal dietary intake during breastfeeding (BF) and food consumption habits. DESIGN: An observational cross-sectional multicentre study conducted in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area of the Catalan Institute of Health. METHODS: Data were collected from 419 postpartum women on infant feeding type (formula milk and accessories), maternal dietary intake (24-h register) and food consumption habits from November 2022 to April 2023. The environmental impacts (climate change (CC), water consumption and water scarcity) of the infant feeding types and maternal diet were calculated using the IPCC, ReCiPE and AWARE indicators, respectively. The differences in impacts were calculated by Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: Significant differences for the three environmental impacts were observed. The CC impact of formula milk and feeding accessories was 0.01 kg CO2eq for exclusive BF, 1.55 kg CO2eq for mixed feeding and 4.98 kg CO2eq for formula feeding. While BF mothers consumed an extra 238 kcal, no significant differences were found related to maternal diet across feeding types. CONCLUSION: Exclusive BF was the most sustainable type of infant feeding, considering formula and infant feeding accessories. In our study, the difference between the impacts of BF and non-BF mothers' diet was insignificant. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: Offer informative and educational support for midwives and other healthcare professionals on BF and a healthy, sustainable diet to transfer this knowledge to the general public. IMPACT: Raise the general public's awareness about BF and a healthy, sustainable diet. To reduce environmental impacts through behavioural changes. REPORTING METHOD: STROBE. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Patients of the Catalan Health Service reviewed the content of the data collection tools. TRIAL REGISTRATION: (for the whole GREEN MOTHER project): NCT05729581 (https://clinicaltrials.gov).

Clinical and imaging correlates of hyperorality in syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration.

AIM: Empirical research investigating hyperorality in syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is limited. The present study aims to assess and describe hyperorality and its clinical and imaging correlates in patients with FTLD-associated syndromes. METHODS: This retrospective longitudinal study included consecutive patients with FTLD who underwent a clinical, cognitive, and behavioral assessment. The presence and severity of hyperorality was assessed using the Frontal Behavior Inventory. RESULTS: A total of 712 patients with FTLD were included in the study. Hyperorality was reported by 29% (204 of 712 [95% CI: 25-32%]) of patients; was more frequent in those with severe dementia than in those with prodromal or mild to moderate dementia (P < 0.05); was associated with younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96 [95% CI: 0.94-0.99]), (P = 0.003) and positive family history for dementia (OR = 2.03 [95% CI: 1.18-3.49], P = 0.010); was overall more probable in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and frontotemporal dementia with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotypes, and less probable in other language or motor phenotypes; and was associated with higher severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms (OR = 1.08 [95% CI: 1.06-1.10], P < 0.001) and with the presence of several behavioral symptoms (P < 0.05). Moreover, hyperorality severity increased over time only in patients with bvFTD (ß = +0.15, P = 0.011) or semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (ß = +0.34, P = 0.010). Finally, the presence of hyperorality was significantly associated with greater atrophy in the right anterior insula and right orbitofrontal region (false discovery rate-corrected P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hyperorality is common in certain FTLD-associated syndromes. Understanding its correlates can help clinicians define pharmacological and educational interventions and clarify related anatomical circuits.

Association between willingness to exercise and incident disability in older adults: a prospective longitudinal cohort study.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether the willingness to exercise (WTE) and exercise habits affect the incidence of disability among older adults. METHODS: This study included 8,354 individuals (72.5 ± 6.2 years, 55.9% female). The participants were divided into three categories based on their WTE: unwillingness to exercise, willingness to exercise (but without exercise habits), and exercise habits. The incidence of disability was prospectively determined within 24 months of the follow-up. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between WTE and the incidence of disability. RESULTS: Overall, 600 (7.2%), 4,703 (56.3%), and 3,051 (36.5%) participants were classified as unwillingness to exercise, willingness to exercise, and exercise habits, respectively. Compared with the unwillingness to exercise group, the willingness to exercise group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.71, 95%Confidence Interval [CI] 0.52-0.96) and the exercise habits group (HR 0.65, 95%CI 0.46-0.92) had a lower risk of disability incidence. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that WTE reduces the risk of disability in older adults. Therefore, the importance of increasing WTE to prevent the occurrence of disabilities is clear. Our results suggest that even though physical activity declines with age, it is important to have the desire to exercise and develop exercise habits.

The Effect of Patient-associated Factors on Long-term Survival of Dental Implants.

Dental implant therapy has developed over the past half century to have documented successful outcomes in most patients who receive treatment. The long-term survival of dental implants depends upon a variety of factors including patient, surgeon, restorative dentist, and materials-related factors. The impact of patient-associated factors may impact significantly on the success of dental implants including diabetes mellitus, medications, smoking, parafunctional habits, oral hygiene, head and neck radiation, and the use of bisphosphonates, antiangiogenic, and antiresorptive medications.

Internet use, dietary habits and adolescent obesity: evidence from China.

The widespread use of Internet has substantially influenced adolescents' lifestyles. This paper systematically explored the impact of Internet use on adolescent obesity and unveiled the underlying mechanism in China. We discussed the relationship among Internet use, dietary habits and obesity, and estimated the impact using panel data collected by the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Results indicated that increased Internet use significantly raised the risk of obesity among adolescents by changing their dietary habits. With a longer time of Internet use, adolescents would increase more proportion of snacks, and choose food with higher fat and protein. This paper offers a new empirical evidence for understanding the mechanism of Internet use on adolescent obesity, and provides a reference for developing countries to guide adolescents toward moderate Internet use and lower the risk of obesity.

Reducing the Number of Times Eating Out Helps to Decrease Adiposity (Overweight/Obesity) in Children.

Adiposity is a chronic disease that must be treated from childhood. Despite the transcendence of improving habits, few interventions report their contribution to decreasing adiposity. METHODS: This cohort enrolled children and teens of any gender, 8-18 years old, and with a body mass index (BMI) z-score of ≥1 into "Sacbe", a comprehensive program to identify which eating habits could reduce BMI z-score. The sample size calculated was 110 participants. We recorded anthropometric measures, clinical history, and habits. A clinically relevant reduction in BMI z-score was defined as ≥0.5 over 12 months or its equivalent according to the months of follow-up. RESULTS: 58.2% were female, the median age was 12 years (range: 9.1-14.7), and the mean BMI z-score was 2.30 ± 0.83. The 82.7% achieved a reduced BMI z-score but 41.8% achieved a clinically relevant reduction with a median follow-up of 6.7 months. Eating out less than once per week was associated with this outcome, even after adjusting for energy intake, other eating patterns, sedentary screen time, physical activity, sleep duration, and sitting time (HR 2.12; 95% CI: 1.07-4.21). CONCLUSIONS: Eating out < once/week implicates less processed food exposition and better quality of food; this habit could be the most effective to reduce childhood adiposity.

Association of the Mediterranean diet with arterial stiffness, inflammation, and medication use in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: an exploratory study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) face increased cardiovascular risk not completely explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Arterial stiffness, inflammation or disease-related therapies may be contributors to augmented cardiovascular risk, whereas healthy dietary habits could help in their management. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to analyze the association of the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet with arterial stiffness, inflammation, and disease-related medication in women with SLE. METHODS: A total of 76 women with SLE were included in this cross-sectional exploratory study. The adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Score. Arterial stiffness was measured through pulse wave velocity (PWV). Inflammatory profile was evaluated through high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). The use (yes / no) and doses (mg /day and cumulative dose in last 3 years) of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants were also registered. RESULTS: No association of the overall adherence to the Mediterranean Diet with PWV, hsCRP or medication use was found (all P>0.05). Lower intake of full dairy products was related to greater odds of corticosteroids use (odds=1.72; P=0.004), and both higher current (ß =0.29; P= 0.024) and cumulative (ß =0.21; P=0.040) doses. Lower intake of red wine was associated with lower odds of immunosuppressants use (odds=0.63; P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: No association of the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet with arterial stiffness, inflammation or disease-related medication was observed in women with SLE with mild disease activity. However, higher dairy products and lower red wine consumption were related to lower use of disease-related medication. Future studies intervention studies are needed to better understand how nutritional education promoting Mediterranean Diet food groups can complement conventional SLE treatments.

Analysis of health literacy demands in the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population

The present study aims to identify the health literacy demands, organized based on their different domains, present in the second edition of the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population (2014). It is an exploratory-descriptive study, based on the application of a protocol, previously validated for the national context, for health literacy load analysis of the material, with subsequent content analysis of selected excerpts, organized in a matrix. The analysis of the results identified possible barriers to understanding and make meaning of the Guide recommendations, organized according to the fundamental, scientific, civic, and cultural domains of health literacy, which ranged from the use of non-colloquial language and jargon to the impossibility of following the recommendations present therein, due to the context of the social group. The results point to the need to bring the form and content of the material closer to the health literacy demands of its potential beneficiaries, facilitating access, understanding, evaluation and significance of its recommendations by health workers and groups of the population for whom it is intended.

The present study aims to identify the health literacy demands, organized based on their different domains, present in the second edition of the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population (2014). It is an exploratory-descriptive study, based on the application of a protocol, previously validated for the national context, for health literacy load analysis of the material, with subsequent content analysis of selected excerpts, organized in a matrix. The analysis of the results identified possible barriers to understanding and make meaning of the Guide recommendations, organized according to the fundamental, scientific, civic, and cultural domains of health literacy, which ranged from the use of non-colloquial language and jargon to the impossibility of following the recommendations present therein, due to the context of the social group. The results point to the need to bring the form and content of the material closer to the health literacy demands of its potential beneficiaries, facilitating access, understanding, evaluation and significance of its recommendations by health workers and groups of the population for whom it is intended.

Work and health habits of Thai physicians.

Background: Physicians usually have a high responsibility in caring for people. Many times, they encounter work-life imbalances that can impact both their personal health and the quality of medical services they provide. Objective: To evaluate the works and health habits of Thai physicians. Methods: Thai physicians who participated in the hospital's Corporate Social Responsibility "Save Doctors' Heart" project, conducted between February 14, 2022 and October 31, 2022, were invited to participate in the study. Data collected was personal data, work habits, including workplace, work hours, and health habits, including fiber in the diet, exercise, sense of well-being, history of health surveillance, and health coverage system. The characteristic features associated with their work and health habits were studied. Results: The responses to each question varied among the 1,244 physicians who agreed to join the study. The median age was 45.0 years (IQR 39,56 years). Almost all (98.6%) were still active in medical practice, with >1 workplace in 14.7%. Nearly half (44.5%) worked >40 hours per week. Most reported a moderate to high fiber diet (80.8%), but only 29.7% exercised >3 days per week. Some degree of stress was revealed in 82.1%, being moderate to severe in 25.8%. The younger physicians with less exercise were significantly associated with moderate/severe stress. Only slightly more than half (53.0%) had a good sense of well-being. Nearly 30% had irregular health surveillance. The two most common reasons were unavailability/no time and having no symptoms. Conclusion: Thai participating physicians were still active professionally and had mixed health habits. Most consumed a moderate to high fiber diet and had regular health surveillance; however, with less exercise and some degree of stress. More than half were self-assessed to have a good sense of well-being.

The prevalence of anaemia in rural adolescent girls - A cross-sectional study to understand the sociodemographic and dietary determinants in Dharwad District, India.

Context: Anaemia is one leading cause of morbidity among adolescent girls. Prevention, early detection, and treatment can break the intergeneration cycle of malnutrition. Aims/Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of anaemia and assess its sociodemographic determinants and understand its association with the dietary pattern of rural adolescent girls. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 adolescent girls studying in the school of Kalgatigi Taluk, Dharwad district. The school girls were interviewed using a predesigned structured questionnaire by interview method. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the dietary pattern. Haemoglobin levels were estimated using Sahli's method. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS version 19 and the Chi-square test was applied to study the significance. Results: Rural adolescent school girls between the age group of 13-16 years were included. The prevalence of anaemia among them was found to be 47.4% and was significantly associated with the educational status of the mother, their socioeconomic status (SES), and type of diet. Vegetarian girls had a higher prevalence of anaemia. The frequency of meat and egg consumption was significantly associated with anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia was higher in thin and severely thin girls based on WHO-BMI. Conclusions: Anaemia in rural adolescent girls is of high burden and public health importance with a prevalence of 47.4% and significant association with dietary habits, SES, and BMI.

Writing direction influences the spatial representations of past- and future-tense forms: Evidence from eye tracking.

The present study tests the hypothesis that the directionality of reading habits (left-to-right or right-to-left) impacts individuals' representation of nonspatial events. Using the blank screen paradigm, we examine whether eye movements reflect culture-specific spatial biases in processing temporal information, specifically, grammatical tense in Russian and Hebrew. Sixty-two native speakers of Russian (a language with a left-to-right reading and writing system) and 62 native speakers of Hebrew (a language with a right-to-left reading and writing system) listened to verbs in the past or future tense while their spontaneous gaze positions were recorded. Following the verb, a visual spatial probe appeared in one of the five locations of the screen, and participants responded manually to indicate its position. While participants' response latencies to the spatial probe revealed no significant effects, their gaze positions along the horizontal axis for past- and future-tensed verbs aligned with the reading and writing direction in their language. These results provide novel evidence that eye movements during auditory processing of grammatical tense are influenced by culturally specific reading and writing conventions, shifting leftward or rightward on the horizontal plane depending on the stimuli's time reference (past or future) and the participants' language (Russian or Hebrew). This spatial bias indicates a common underlying cognitive mechanism that uses spatial dimensions to represent temporal constructs.

Lifestyle of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with peripheral neuropathy: Phenomenological study.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the lifestyle-related characteristics of people having type 2 diabetes mellitus with peripheral neuropathy. METHODS: The phenomenological study was conducted from July 5 to September 18, 2021, at Sadabuan Health Centre, Batunadua Health Centre and Wek 3 Health Centre, Padangsidimpuan, Indonesia, and comprised diabetic neuropathy patients who had cognitive impairment, anxiety and depression. Data was collected using in-depth interviews. Data was analysed using Collaizi's method. RESULTS: There were 8 subjects with mean age 48.38±13,606 years (range: 27-65 years), and mean duration of diabetes was 6±3.207 years. The majority of participants in this study were women 6 (75%). There were 7 themes that emerged from the collected data: level of physical activity, diet, sleep pattern, habit of consuming sweet drinks, smoking habit, social interaction, and self-care. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes mellitus patient with peripheral neuropathy had not been able to completely switch to a healthier lifestyle.

Bowel movement frequency and difficult defecation using constipation assessment scale in patients with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder.

Introduction: This study evaluated constipation, including reduced bowel movement frequency and difficult defecation, in patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (IRBD), which is prodromal Parkinson's disease (PD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) in middle-aged and older adults. Methods: We used a validated Japanese version of the Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS-J) to evaluate bowel habits over 1 month in 117 men aged 50-86 years and 34 women aged 56-86 years with video-polysomnography-confirmed IRBD and 22 controls. Furthermore, we performed a longitudinal assessment of outcomes at follow-up visits. Results: The CAS-J score was higher in the 22 IRBD patients than in 22 age- and gender-matched paired controls. In 151 IRBD patients, the CAS-J score was higher for women than for men. At baseline, the CAS-J score was similar between patients who developed PD and DLB, but the three IRBD patients who developed multiple system atrophy had a low CAS-J score. Those with constipation (CAS-J score ≥ 2) converted to PD or DLB in a significantly shorter time duration (i.e., time frame for phenoconversion) than those with CAS-J score < 2 (log-rank test, p < 0.001). When adjusted for age and gender, Cox hazards analysis revealed that the CAS-J score significantly predicted phenoconversion to PD or DLB (hazard ratio: 5.9, 95 % confidence interval: 1.8-19.1, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Constipation, i.e., reduced bowel movement frequency and difficult defecation, was common in middle-aged and elderly patients with IRBD, and CAS-J score predicted phenoconversion to PD or DLB.

Assessing through a longitudinal study of dietary habits among Romanian school children: effects of COVID-19 pandemic as well as of a school based educational program for promotion of healthy nutrition.

PURPOSE: The outbreak of COVID-19 has forced implementation of safety measures, leading to changes in people's lives. This study investigated several dietary habits among Romanian children before and during the pandemic. Also, it assessed the effectiveness of an educational program promoting healthy diet and evaluated factors influencing certain eating habits. METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted in schools. Students were assigned to Control and Intervention groups. Data were collected at baseline (T1) (October -November 2019, 880 children) and post-intervention (T2) (December 2020-February 2021, 484 students). 350 children participated in both assessments. RESULTS: Baseline measurements revealed inadequate consumptions of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and increased intake of soft drinks and sweets. At follow-up, the Intervention showed significant improvements on average intake of fruits and vegetables and in children eating ≥ 5 servings/day, compared to its baseline. Regarding self-perceptions on dietary habits during confinement, children from both groups reported healthier behaviors, with a significant decrease of comfort food. Compared to the Control group, Intervention increased its average intake of fruits and vegetables, consumed more ≥ 5 portions/day, reduced the number ≥ 2 cups/day of carbonated beverages and ≥ 3 portions/day of sweets. Age, gender, weight management, body mass index were associated with dietary habits at T1. Age, gender, Intervention group, weight management influenced eating patterns at T2. Eating behaviors at T1 influenced dietary habits at T2. CONCLUSION: Our program demonstrated positive changes in students' dietary habits, despite challenges of COVID-19. Results highlight the role of health education and emphasize the importance of integrating such programs consistently in schools.

Association between salt sensitivity of blood pressure and dietary habits in survey population: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and links dietary salt with blood pressure. However, the study on the relationship between SSBP and dietary habits is rare. This study investigated the relationship between diet and SSBP in different blood pressure statues. METHODS: 1,459 subjects were assigned into four groups based on a case (hypertension)-control (normotension) study of SSBP and hypertension: 561 Salt-sensitive hypertension (SSH) and 235 non-salt-sensitive hypertension (NSSH) and 424 salt-sensitive normotension (SSN) and 239 non-salt-sensitive normotension (NSSN). Foods information of weekly or daily intakes were recalled. SSBP was tested with the modified salt stress test and was diagnosed with the Sullivan criteria. RESULTS: Compared with the NSSH and SSN groups, SSH group have lower intake of fresh fruits (both P<0.05). Furthermore, NSSN group have the lowest intake of red meat, and bacon (P<0.05). SSH group have the lowest intake of fresh vegetables (P<0.05). SSN group have the highest intake of eggs, dairy products, white meat (all P<0.05). In hypertensive patients, staple food (OR=0.37, 95%CI: 0.10-0.64) was associated with decreased risk of salt sensitivity. In normotensive subjects, white meat (OR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.14-0.43) was associated with reduced risk of salt sensitivity, bacon (OR=5.39, 95%CI: 2.11-8.67) and dairy products (OR=4.22, 95%CI: 1.82-6.56) and red meat (OR=2.95, 95%CI: 1.15-4.84) were associated with elevated risk of salt sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary habits play an important role in SSBP and the role varies with blood pressure especially among population.