[SURVEY AMONG MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN ARGENTINA ON OPINIONS TOWARDS VOLUNTARY PREGNANCY INTERRUPTION]. / Encuesta sobre las opiniones en torno a la ley de interrupción voluntaria del embarazo en profesionales de Salud Mental en Argentina.

Introduction: The goal of this research is to learn the opinions and attitudes towards pregnancy interruption among Mental Health professionals in Argentina, taking into account the current Congress debate. In order to achieve the goal, the research team designed a questionnaire applied among mental health providers at the XXXIII Argentinian Psychiatry Congress, Asociación de Psiquiatras Argentinos (APSA). Results: 91.8% of the participants responded to be informed on current parliamentary discussion on voluntary pregnancy interruption (termination). 83.5% of Mental Health providers who answered the survey agree to decriminalize abortion. Conclusions: Given that the consequences of changing the current legislation would have an impact in Public Health, we believe that these results should be taken into account in the current debate.

La donación de órganos y el veto familiar. Razones bioéticas para un cambio / Organ donation and family refusal. Bioethical reasons for a change

Cases of next-of-kin veto, i.e., a family refusal to allow organs harvest contrary to donor wishes or when the law presumes consent, is a widespread practice that seriously harms thousands of people. This is a practice settled in many countries Family refusal to donate reduces an already shallow donor pool by approximately 43% in the Americas, 25% in Europe (37,3% in United Kingdom) and 54% in Asia. Some countries, such Argentina, France, Colombia and Wales, current reversed its policy on organ donations to a system that prevents next of kin to dishonoring the donor's wishes restricting the confirm donor status only with the National Donor Registry and unless evidence of their objection is produced. In part I we review the latest amended transplant legislation of those countries that are trying to change this scenario. In part II we question the most frequently cited arguments to uphold the next-of-kin veto right and the countries that successfully changed their legislation banning this practice to encourage organ donation. We conclude that it is imperative to change this practice because the harm caused by promoting the family veto is greater and more serious than the potential harm of not allowing it

Los casos de veto familiar a la donación de órganos es una práctica generalizada que perjudica seriamente a miles de personas. Esta es una práctica establecida en muchos países. La negativa de la familia a donar reduce en un 43% las donaciones bajas de los donantes en las Américas, un 25% en Europa (37,3% en el Reino Unido) y un 54% en Asia. Algunos países como Argentina, Francia, Colombia y Gales han intentado revertir su política de donación de órganos de modo de impedir que los parientes revoquen los deseos del donante. En la primera parte, revisamos las más recientes reformas legislativas de aquellos países que están tratando de cambiar este escenario. En la segunda parte cuestionamos los argumentos más citados para defender el derecho de veto de la familia. Concluimos que es imperativo cambiar esta práctica porque el daño causado por el veto familiar es mayor y más grave que el daño potencial de no permitirlo

La paradoja de la salud mental en Colombia: entre los derechos humanos, la primacía de lo administrativo y el estigma / Paradox of Mental Health in Colombia: Between Human Rights, the Predominance of the Administrative and the Stigma / O paradoxo da saúde mental na Colômbia: entre direitos humanos, a primazia do administrativo e o estigma

Resumen En las últimas décadas se viene promoviendo en el mundo la reforma de sistemas de salud mental hacia servicios de base comunitaria e integrados en los sistemas locales de salud. Al respecto, se han reportado logros en algunos países latinoamericanos y del Caribe, mas no así en Colombia. Sobresalen en el mundo las brechas en la atención y la confrontación entre derechos humanos-criterios económicos, para la prestación de servicios en salud mental. Se hizo una investigación con enfoque histórico-hermenéutico en la que participaron 23 profesionales de la salud mental en entrevistas y un grupo de discusión; se realizó análisis categorial de la información. Se halló cómo los derechos humanos, la rentabilidad financiera, la calidad de los servicios y el estigma conforman directrices que orientan, de manera contradictoria, la salud mental en Colombia. Se discutió sobre la conveniencia de realizar un análisis ético y político de la política pública de salud mental en el país.

Abstract In the last decades a reform to the mental health system is being promoted all over the world towards community-based services integrated to the local health systems. Some Latin-American and Caribbean countries have reported achievements on this issue, but not Colombia. The gaps in the health care are noticeable worldwide as well as the confrontation between human rights and financial criteria for the provision of health services. A research was carried out based on a historical-hermeneutic approach; 23 mental health professionals took part in it through interviews and discussion groups. A categorial analysis of the gathered information was carried out. It showed how the human rights, financial cost-effectiveness, service quality and the stigma form the guidelines that drive, in a contradictory way, the mental health services in Colombia. A discussion is carried out on the convenience to develop an ethical and political analysis of the mental health public policies in our country.

Resumo Nas últimas décadas tem se promovido no mundo tudo a reforma de sistemas de saúde mental para serviços de base comunitária e integrados nos sistemas locais de saúde. A esse respeito, tem relatórios de sucesso em alguns países latino-americanos e do Caribe, mas na Colômbia não. Destaca-se no mundo a lacuna no atendimento e o confronto entre direitos humanos e critérios económicos, para a prestação de serviços de saúde mental. Uma pesquisa com abordagem histórico-hermenêutica foi feita, na que participaram 23 profissionais de saúde mental em entrevistas e um grupo de discussão; realizou-se análise categorial da informação. Achou-se que os direitos humanos, a rentabilidade financeira, a qualidade dos serviços e a estigma conformam diretrizes orientando, de maneira contraditória, a saúde mental na Colômbia. Foi debatida a conveniência de realizar análise ética e política da política pública de saúde mental no país.

Promoting Health Through Policy and Systems Change: Public Health Students and Mentors on the Value of Policy Advocacy Experience in Academic Internships.

Emerging professionals and new Certified Health Education Specialists often lack academic training in and actual experience in National Commission for Health Education Credentialing Area of Responsibility VII: Communicate, Promote, and Advocate for Health, Health Education/Promotion, and the Profession. For undergraduate and graduate students who have an opportunity to complete an internship or practicum experience, gaining experience in Competencies 7.2: Engage in advocacy for health and health education/promotion and 7.3: Influence policy and/or systems change to promote health and health education can have a profound impact on their career development and their ability to advocate for policies that promote health and health equity. Compelling evidence suggests that interventions that address social determinants of health such as poverty and education and those that change the context through improved policy or healthier environments have the greatest impact on public health, making it vital for emerging public health professionals to gain experience in policy advocacy and systems change. In this commentary, students and faculty from two large universities in the U.S.-Mexico border region reflect on the value of policy advocacy in academic internship/fieldwork experiences. Based on their experiences, they highly recommend that students seek out internship opportunities where they can participate in policy advocacy, and they encourage university faculty and practicum preceptors to provide more opportunities for policy advocacy in both classroom and fieldwork settings.

Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira: o caminho da desinstitucionalização pelo olhar da historiografia / Brazilian Psychiatric Reform: the way of the deinstitutionalization by the historiography / La reforma psiquiátrica brasileña: el camino de la desinstitucionalización por la óptica de la historiografía

A lei da reforma psiquiátrica brasileira (Lei 10.216), também conhecida como Lei Paulo Delgado, foi promulgada em 2001. Entretanto, desde o final da década de 1970, mobilizações sociais e políticas impulsionaram o processo de desinstitucionalização psiquiátrica no Brasil, seguindo a influência de outros países, principalmente da Europa. Este artigo pretende retomar momentos importantes para a reforma psiquiátrica brasileira sob o enfoque da historiografia. São abordados fatos que influenciaram na mudança da legislação sobre saúde mental no Brasil e na participação de profissionais de saúde mental, familiares e pessoas com transtornos psiquiátricos no tratamento psiquiátrico. Conclui-se que o processo de reforma psiquiátrica brasileiro está ainda em andamento, enfrentando dificuldades e gerando questionamentos. Contudo, constitui um passo essencial para a garantia dos direitos humanos e a cidadania das pessoas com transtornos mentais.(AU)

The Brazilian Psychiatric Reform Law (Law 10.216), also known as Paulo Delgado Law, was promulgated in 2001. However, since the end of the 1970s, scientific advances as well as political and social movements have promoted the process for psychiatric deinstitutionalization in Brazil, under the influence of other countries, mainly those from Europe. This article summarizes the important historical moments for the Brazilian psychiatric reform from the standpoint of historiography. Facts that influenced the change in the mental health legislation in Brazil and the participation of mental health professionals, relatives and people with psychiatric disorders in psychiatric treatment are addressed. We conclude that the Brazilian psychiatric reform is still in progress, struggling and creating questions. However, it is an essential step towards ensuring human rights and citizenship of people with mental disorders.(AU)

La ley de la reforma psiquiátrica brasileña (Ley 10.216), también conocida como Ley Paulo Delgado fue promulgada en 2001. Sin embargo, desde finales de 1970, las movilizaciones sociales y políticas han impulsado el proceso de desinstitucionalización psiquiátrica en Brasil, a raíz de la influencia de otros países, principalmente de la Europa. Este artículo tiene la intención de reanudar los momentos importantes de la reforma psiquiátrica brasileña desde el punto de vista de la historiografia. Se discuten los hechos que influyeron en el cambio en la legislación sobre salud mental en Brasil y la participación de profesionales de la salud mental, las familias y las personas con trastornos psiquiátricos en el tratamiento psiquiátrico. Llegamos a la conclusión de que el proceso de reforma psiquiátrica brasileña todavía está en marcha, pasando por dificultades y generando preguntas. Sin embargo, es un paso esencial para garantizar los derechos humanos y ciudadanía de las personas con trastornos mentales.(AU)

Reforma psiquiátrica brasileira: o caminho da desinstitucionalização pelo olhar da historiografia / Brazilian psychiatric reform: the way of the deinstitutionalization by the historiography / La reforma psiquiátrica brasileña: el camino de la desinstitucionalización por la óptica de la historiografía

A lei da reforma psiquiátrica brasileira (Lei 10.216), também conhecida como Lei Paulo Delgado, foi promulgada em 2001. Entretanto, desde o final da década de 1970, mobilizações sociais e políticas impulsionaram o processo de desinstitucionalização psiquiátrica no Brasil, seguindo a influência de outros países, principalmente da Europa. Este artigo pretende retomar momentos importantes para a reforma psiquiátrica brasileira sob o enfoque da historiografia. São abordados fatos que influenciaram na mudança da legislação sobre saúde mental no Brasil e na participação de profissionais de saúde mental, familiares e pessoas com transtornos psiquiátricos no tratamento psiquiátrico. Conclui-se que o processo de reforma psiquiátrica brasileiro está ainda em andamento, enfrentando dificuldades e gerando questionamentos. Contudo, constitui um passo essencial para a garantia dos direitos humanos e a cidadania das pessoas com transtornos mentais.

The Brazilian Psychiatric Reform Law (Law 10.216), also known as Paulo Delgado Law, was promulgated in 2001. However, since the end of the 1970s, scientific advances as well as political and social movements have promoted the process for psychiatric deinstitutionalization in Brazil, under the influence of other countries, mainly those from Europe. This article summarizes the important historical moments for the Brazilian psychiatric reform from the standpoint of historiography. Facts that influenced the change in the mental health legislation in Brazil and the participation of mental health professionals, relatives and people with psychiatric disorders in psychiatric treatment are addressed. We conclude that the Brazilian psychiatric reform is still in progress, struggling and creating questions. However, it is an essential step towards ensuring human rights and citizenship of people with mental disorders.

La ley de la reforma psiquiátrica brasileña (Ley 10.216), también conocida como Ley Paulo Delgado fue promulgada en 2001. Sin embargo, desde finales de 1970, las movilizaciones sociales y políticas han impulsado el proceso de desinstitucionalización psiquiátrica en Brasil, a raíz de la influencia de otros países, principalmente de la Europa. Este artículo tiene la intención de reanudar los momentos importantes de la reforma psiquiátrica brasileña desde el punto de vista de la historiografia. Se discuten los hechos que influyeron en el cambio en la legislación sobre salud mental en Brasil y la participación de profesionales de la salud mental, las familias y las personas con trastornos psiquiátricos en el tratamiento psiquiátrico. Llegamos a la conclusión de que el proceso de reforma psiquiátrica brasileña todavía está en marcha, pasando por dificultades y generando preguntas. Sin embargo, es un paso esencial para garantizar los derechos humanos y ciudadanía de las personas con trastornos mentales.