New Breakfast Cereal Developed with Sprouted Whole Ryegrass Flour: Evaluation of Technological and Nutritional Parameters.

Ryegrass is one such cereal that has been underutilized in human nutrition despite its high nutritional and functional value due to the presence of phytochemicals and dietary fibers. Exploiting ryegrass for human consumption is an exciting option, especially for countries that do not produce wheat, as it is easily adaptable and overgrows, making it economically viable. This study evaluated the nutritional content of γ-aminobutyric acid and bioactive compounds (total soluble phenolic compounds) and the physicochemical and technological properties of partially substituting maize flour (MF) with sprouted whole ryegrass flour (SR) in developing extrusion-cooked breakfast cereals. A completely randomized design with substitutions ranging from 0 to 20% of MF with SR was employed as the experimental strategy (p < 0.05). Partial incorporation of SR increased the content of γ-aminobutyric acid and total soluble phenolic compounds. Using sprouted grains can adversely affect the technological quality of extruded foods, mainly due to the activation of the amylolytic enzymes. Still, ryegrass, with its high dietary fiber and low lipid content, mitigates these negative effects. Consequently, breakfast cereals containing 4 and 8% SR exhibited better physicochemical properties when compared to SR12, SR16, SR20, and USR10, presenting reduced hardness and increased crispness, and were similar to SR0. These results are promising for ryegrass and suggest that combining the age-old sprouting process with extrusion can enhance the nutritional quality and bioactive compound content of cereal-based breakfast products while maintaining some technological parameters, especially crispiness, expansion index, water solubility index, and firmness, which are considered satisfactory.

Effect of nutrient, processing and hedonic claims on food-related perceptions: An experimental online study in Brazil and Germany.

Prior studies on perceived healthiness of foods have often compared nutrient and hedonic claims, neglecting comparisons to a control condition. The effect of food claims focusing on the food processing level has received considerably less research attention, although food processing has been included in dietary guidelines in Brazil. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the effect of a control and processing claim, additionally to the effects of a nutrient. and hedonic claim, on perceptions related to a food item typically considered "less healthy" (chocolate cake). We further compared these effects between Brazil and Germany, a country where food processing is currently not included in dietary guidelines. A total of 634 lay adults were recruited in a cross-sectional online study and randomised to see the photo of a piece of cake with one of the four different claim conditions and to report their health-related perceptions of the cake. The main analyses included two-way ANCOVAs (4 claims x 2 countries) for each dependent variable controlled for gender, age and level of hunger; followed by post hoc tests. Overall, results revealed that in both countries, the claims highlighting nutrients or processing aspects rendered the perceptions of the cake healthier compared to the control claim. These effects were more pronounced among Brazilian than among German participants. Food-related perceptions mostly did not differ between the hedonic and control claim and did not differ at all between the nutrient and processing claims. In conclusion, it is noteworthy that, even for an inherently considered "less healthy food item" (chocolate cake) nutrient and processing claims increase healthiness perceptions. While our findings may imply that in both countries lay people are highly susceptible to nutrient claims, food processing aspects seem to be similarly relevant.

Food healthiness judgements among Brazilian and German lay adults.

This study investigated which foods are most saliently judged as healthy and unhealthy in Brazil and Germany and the reasons for these judgements. Dietary guidelines in the two countries differ in that those in Brazil are based on a food processing classification rather than nutrient profiling, whereas dietary guidelines in Germany do not include the processing level of food. In an online study with 355 lay adults (Brazil n = 205, Germany n = 150), we explored which foods are listed as healthy and unhealthy using a free-listing method. The main reasons for these healthiness judgements were then identified with a one or two-word phrase and compared between countries. Saliency analysis was conducted to identify the 15 most salient healthy and unhealthy foods in each country. Principles of content analysis were used to assess the reasons why these 15 items were listed as most salient by the participants. Results showed that both Brazilians and Germans listed mostly natural or minimally processed food (e.g. fruits, vegetables, grains, fish and milk) as healthy, whereas types of convenience and fast food, sweets and other ultra-processed foods (e.g. chocolate, soda, French fries, pizza and hamburger) were the most salient unhealthy items listed in both countries. Differences in culturally relevant items listed in each country are discussed. Further, in both countries, despite differences in their dietary guidelines, food healthiness judgements for the most salient items listed relied heavily on the nutritional content of food, reinforced the 'good/healthy' and 'bad/unhealthy' dichotomy, and were centred on benefits or harms to the body (e.g. prevention or cause of diseases and weight control). The similarity of food healthiness judgements between the two countries, together with their agreement with conventional health claims and dietary guidelines, suggest that lay Brazilian and German adults are knowledgeable about the general concepts of 'healthy' and 'unhealthy' food. Finally, these findings suggest that rather than just providing more nutritional information, policymakers and health professionals need to take into account the multiple psychosocial and environmental determinants of eating in these countries.

Towards halving food waste: A comparative study using orange juice by-product in dairy desserts.

By-products upcycling to produce ingredients has increased in the last years. However, the perception of foods with these ingredients must be studied to find the proper way to inform the consumer. The aim of this work was to study the purchase intention and healthiness and environmental friendliness perceptions of a flan dessert, enriched with orange juice by-product fibre. The effect of different product categories (ready-to-eat, powdered form, home-made type), fibre origin claim, and the addition of a sustainability logo in the packaging were studied through an online survey carried out in Spain (n = 342) and Uruguay (n = 307). Data were analyzed by PLS and cluster analysis. Both Spanish and Uruguayan participants considered the product category the most important attribute in purchase intention and in healthiness and environmental friendliness perception, being the home-made product preferred by both. Logo presence was more important for purchase intention and perceived environmental friendliness, while information about fibre origin was more important for healthiness perception. The home-made product with a logo and the claim about fibre origin was the one that had the highest perception of being healthy and environmentally friendly in both populations. Logo presence affected positively purchase intention for both groups, but the relative importance was higher in the case of Spanish consumers. The allegation "source of fibre" also increased healthiness and environmental friendliness perceptions, although not the purchase intention in Spain. Cluster analysis identified different groups of consumers on each country, who gave different relative importance to each attribute in purchase intention.

Outbreaks of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Acanthocephala) infection in raised semi-intensively Colossoma macropomumin Theobroma, Rondônia state, Western Amazon / Surtos de infecção por Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Acanthocephala) em Colossoma macropomum cultivado semi-intensivamente em Theobroma, estado de Rondônia, Amazônia Ocidental

The aim of this study was to describe two outbreaks of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae parasitizing Colossoma macropomum raised semi-intensively in the Theobroma municipality, Rondônia state, Brazil. It was reported by owner that the animals had a history of poor weight gain and decreased food intake. C. macropomum that weighed around 1.5 kg were clinically evaluated where the body surface, fins, buccal and brachial cavity were carefully analyzed and no changes were found. N. buttnerae was the only intestinal parasite found in the specimens studied, and its distribution pattern showes a preference for the posterior portion of the intestine of C. macropomum. All 50 fish examined were parasitized by at least one N. buttnerae. This parasite was found in the digestive system of the examined fish. 100% of prevalence, 430 of intensity, 8.6 of average intensity and average abundance were found. Although there was no record of mortalities due to acanthocephalosis, damage that compromised the feed conversion of the fish was recorded. C. macropomum were infected by ingesting a crustacean containing cystacanth, the infective larval form of the parasite. Damage, such as presence of nodules, hypertrophy of goblet cells, thickening of the muscle layer, metaplasia in muscle tissue, severe edema from leukocyte infiltration in blood vessels and necrotic foci, were found in the intestine due to high infection rates of N. buttnerae. That said, inspection activities are essential for the preservation of consumer and animal health.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever dois surtos de Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae parasitando Colossoma macropo-mum em cultivo semi-intensivo no município de Theobroma, estado de Rondônia, Brasil. Foi relatado pelo proprietário que os animais apresentavam histórico de baixo ganho de peso e diminuição da ingestão alimentar. C. macropomum que pesavam em torno de 1,5 kg foram avaliados clinicamente onde a superfície corporal, nadadeiras, cavidade bucal e braquial foram cui-dadosamente analisadas e não foram encontradas alterações. N. buttnerae foi o único parasita intestinal encontrado nos espé-cimes estudados, e seu padrão de distribuição mostra uma preferência pela porção posterior do intestino do C. macropomum. Todos os 50 peixes examinados estavam parasitados por pelo menos um N. buttnerae. Este parasita foi encontrado no sistema digestivo dos peixes examinados. Foram encontrados 100% de prevalência, 430 de intensidade, 8,6 de intensidade média e de abundância média. Apesar de não haver registro de mortalidade por acantocefalose, foram registrados danos que comprome-teram a conversão alimentar dos peixes. C. macropomum foram infectados pela ingestão de um crustáceo contendo cistacanto, a forma larval infectante do parasita. No intestino foram encontrados danos como presença de nódulos, hipertrofia de células caliciformes, espessamento da camada muscular, metaplasia no tecido muscular, edema grave por infiltração leucocitária nos vasos sanguíneos e focos necróticos devido às altas taxas de infecção de N. buttnerae. Dito isso, as atividades de fiscalização são essenciais para a preservação da saúde do consumidor e do animal.(AU)

How Interdisciplinary Interventions Can Improve the Educational Process of Children Regarding the Nutritional Labeling of Foods.

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of interdisciplinary educational interventions on children's attitudes, knowledge, preferences, and perceptions about different nutrition labels. Four hundred and ten elementary school children, aged between seven and ten years, participated in the research. The children completed questionnaires on attitudes, knowledge, and preferences about nutrition labeling and on perceived healthiness of a food product considering different types of nutrition labels (Pre-Intervention). They then participated in educational interventions as a strategy to address nutrition labeling of foods (Intervention). Finally, the Pre-Intervention questionnaires were reapplied (Post-Intervention). The intervention improved children's attitudes and knowledge about nutrition labeling. It also showed that this public has a greater preference for labels printed on the front of the food package. The label in the form of a warning was considered the most favorable for comparing the healthiness of the food product among children, while the table was the least preferred. It is concluded that interdisciplinary educational interventions are effective in improving children's attitudes, knowledge, preferences, and perceptions about different nutrition labels on a food product. The front label model is the most suitable for food packaging aimed at children.

Healthiness and disease in Marmato gold mines during the 19th century: Between the smallpox plague and the War of a Thousand Days / [Salubridad y enfermedad en las minas de oro de Marmato en el siglo XIX: entre la epidemia de viruela y la guerra de los mil días].

Mining has had a great influence on human societies permeating the riches of the soil and culture in equal proportion. This has led to profound changes in the individuals dedicated to this work and the locations where it takes place. In this historical review, we describe the socio-cultural and health characteristics, as well as the diseases associated with gold mining in Marmato (Caldas) during the 19th century. Poor salubrity conditions and tropical and infectious diseases were constant during the whole century.

La minería ha tenido una gran influencia en las sociedades humanas, permeando por igual las riquezas del suelo y la cultura, lo que ha tenido profundas implicaciones para los individuos dedicados a esta labor y para los lugares en los que se lleva a cabo. En el presente artículo, se describen las características socioculturales y de sanidad, así como las enfermedades más frecuentes en las minas de oro de Marmato (Caldas) durante el siglo XIX. Las precarias condiciones de salubridad y las enfermedades tropicales infecciosas persistieron en la población durante todo el siglo.

Salubridad y enfermedad en las minas de oro de Marmato en el siglo XIX: entre la epidemia de viruela y la guerra de los mil días / Healthiness and disease in Marmato gold mines during the 19th century: Between the smallpox plague and the War of a Thousand Days

Resumen | La minería ha tenido una gran influencia en las sociedades humanas, permeando por igual las riquezas del suelo y la cultura, lo que ha tenido profundas implicaciones para los individuos dedicados a esta labor y para los lugares en los que se lleva a cabo. En el presente artículo, se describen las características socioculturales y de sanidad, así como las enfermedades más frecuentes en las minas de oro de Marmato (Caldas) durante el siglo XIX. Las precarias condiciones de salubridad y las enfermedades tropicales infecciosas persistieron en la población durante todo el siglo.

Abstract | Mining has had a great influence on human societies permeating the riches of the soil and culture in equal proportion. This has led to profound changes in the individuals dedicated to this work and the locations where it takes place. In this historical review, we describe the socio-cultural and health characteristics, as well as the diseases associated with gold mining in Marmato (Caldas) during the 19th century. Poor salubrity conditions and tropical and infectious diseases were constant during the whole century.

Consumer Food Environment Healthiness Score: Development, Validation, and Testing between Different Types of Food Retailers.

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a scoring system, based on AUDITNOVA, to assess the healthiness of the consumer food environment, considering food availability, price, advertising, and placement strategies. Audited data of 650 food retailers were used to develop, validate, and test the consumer food environment healthiness score. To compose the score, the reference was the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. The total and subscores were standardized for a scale from 0 to 100. Construct validity was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis Dunn tests. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated to determine the consistency of the scores. The median score was 33.7 (p25 = 26.9; p75 = 42.1). The public and private specialized indoor fresh food markets showed the highest medians; otherwise, bakeries and food retailers with the predominant sale of ultra-processed foods showed the lowest. The score was able to satisfactorily classify the extreme food retailer groups by the predominant sale of fresh or minimally processed foods and the predominant sale of ultra-processed foods. The results of Cronbach's alpha showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.91). The score helped to provide an overall assessment of consumer food environment healthiness and was able to classify food retailer groups as healthy and unhealthy according to the degree of processing of the available foods.

The influence of black spot disease on the relative condition factor of Astyanax paranae Eigenmann, 1914 (Characiformes: Characidae) in Brazilian subtropical streams

Environmental disturbances and their consequences require constant studies to understand how communities and their ecological relationships respond to these processes. Through analysis of the host-parasite relationships, it is observed that the effect of these disturbances is variable and can change the physiology or behavior of organisms. Black spot disease, caused by endoparasitic helminths, is a pathology observed in natural environments, however, there is not much information about the consequences of this infestation. We separated the specimens from each stream into parasitized and non-parasitized groups, which were subjected to biometric analysis. The biometrics involved cysts count and weight-length measures, which were used to analyze the average relative condition factor. Additionally, we correlate these measures with the parasitic burden of infected individuals. Finally, the parasitized individuals were submitted to histological sections to recognize the parasite. The results demonstrate a low physiological condition in the parasitized group, when compared with non-parasitized groups from the same stream and from different streams. This suggests that pollution, in addition to effects of infestation worsen the fish condition. Besides, the parasite burden was negatively correlated with the condition factor, weight and length measures. We conclude that the parasite burden negatively affects Astyanax paranae individuals´ physiological condition and that trematodes also occur in polluted environments.(AU)

The influence of black spot disease on the relative condition factor of Astyanax paranae Eigenmann, 1914 (Characiformes: Characidae) in Brazilian subtropical streams

Environmental disturbances and their consequences require constant studies to understand how communities and their ecological relationships respond to these processes. Through analysis of the host-parasite relationships, it is observed that the effect of these disturbances is variable and can change the physiology or behavior of organisms. Black spot disease, caused by endoparasitic helminths, is a pathology observed in natural environments, however, there is not much information about the consequences of this infestation. We separated the specimens from each stream into parasitized and non-parasitized groups, which were subjected to biometric analysis. The biometrics involved cysts count and weight-length measures, which were used to analyze the average relative condition factor. Additionally, we correlate these measures with the parasitic burden of infected individuals. Finally, the parasitized individuals were submitted to histological sections to recognize the parasite. The results demonstrate a low physiological condition in the parasitized group, when compared with non-parasitized groups from the same stream and from different streams. This suggests that pollution, in addition to effects of infestation worsen the fish condition. Besides, the parasite burden was negatively correlated with the condition factor, weight and length measures. We conclude that the parasite burden negatively affects Astyanax paranae individuals´ physiological condition and that trematodes also occur in polluted environments.

Evaluation of Some Ingredients and Energy Content on Front-of-Pack Cereal Bar Labeling as Drivers of Choice and Perception of Healthiness: A Case Study with Exercisers.

The objective of this study was to explore the drivers of choice and perceptions of healthiness that specific ingredient or energy content information displayed on the front-of-pack label of cereal bars triggers among different groups of consumers. The participants (18 to 50 years old), classified as exercisers (n = 103, 52 women) or nonexercisers (n = 101, 51 women), completed a questionnaire and then rated their interest using images of cereal bars that varied in four characteristics ("With fruit," "With chocolate," "High protein," and calorie content). Conjoint analysis showed that the most important motives were associated with the convenience, pleasure/indulgence and liking dimensions, which did not differ between groups. These were followed by two other motives introduced in this study: energy/physical activity and satiety, in which the exercisers showed a distinctively higher level of interest than the nonexercisers. Chocolate and a low calorie content were the outstanding drivers of interest, at similar levels for both groups. A high protein content claim increased the interest of all participants, but more so for exercisers and for men. Fruit had a low impact on interest, which was only significant for women. These results indicate that front-of-pack label information influences choice in a distinctive way for some targeted population groups. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study contributes knowledge about the impact that front-of-pack label information about certain ingredients and the energy content has on the motives and drivers for snack choices and perceptions of healthiness. The results contribute interesting results on the behavior of some consumer segments, in particular, exercisers and people involved in fitness activities, who are supposed to have special dietary needs.

Understanding the consumer's perception of traditional frankfurters and frankfurters with healthy attributes through sorting task and hard laddering techniques.

This study evaluated the consumer's perception towards traditional frankfurters and frankfurters with healthy attributes through sorting task and hard laddering techniques. Images with descriptions of various frankfurter types (traditional, with natural antioxidants, reduced sodium, reduced fat, as a source of dietary fibre, with omega 3, no phosphate added, no nitrite added) were presented as stimuli to 164 previously recruited consumers. The lack of information, natural, flavour issues and not being appealing characterised the no phosphate and no nitrite frankfurter groups. The consequences mentioned by the consumers that justified the choice of frankfurters with reduced sodium and fat were to avoid high blood pressure, concern about the prevention of diseases, negative perception of sodium and fat in the diet and help in weight control. It can be concluded that consumers are willing to substitute a product in traditional frankfurter with a healthier option. Among the more promising prospects for the market, are the frankfurters with reduced sodium and reduced fat.

Yellow sweet potato flour: use in sweet bread processing to increase carotene content and improve quality

ABSTRACT Yellow sweet potato is mostly produced by small farmers, and may be a source of energy and carotenoids in the human diet, but it is a highly perishable crop. To increase its industrial application, yellow sweet potato flour has been produced for use in bakery products. This study aimed to evaluate the technological quality and the carotenoids content in sweet breads produced with the replacement of wheat flour by 0, 3, 6, and 9% yellow sweet potato flour. Breads were characterized by technological parameters and β-carotene levels during nine days of storage. Tukey's test (p<0.05) was used for comparison between means. The increase in yellow sweet potato flour concentrations in bread led to a decrease of specific volume and firmness, and an increase in water activity, moisture, orange coloring, and carotenoids. During storage, the most significant changes were observed after the fifth day, with a decrease in intensity of the orange color. The β-carotene content was 0.1656 to 0.4715 µg/g in breads with yellow sweet potato flour. This work showed a novel use of yellow sweet potato in breads, which brings benefits to consumers' health and for the agricultural business.

Formação dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde na cidade de São Paulo: ação civilizatória na construção de Ambientes Verdes e Saudáveis / Training of Community Health Workers in São Paulo: civilizing action in the construction of Green and Healthy Environments

RESUMO Procura-se analisar a atuação dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde no Projeto Ambientes Verdes e Saudáveis quanto à construção de políticas públicas integradas na cidade de São Paulo, uma articulação entre as Secretarias do Verde e do Meio Ambiente, da Saúde, da Assistência e Desenvolvimento Social, e da Educação. Busca-se articular a integração das políticas públicas para a inclusão das questões ambientais nas ações de promoção da saúde desenvolvidas nos territórios nas 31 subprefeituras, das cinco regionais de saúde. Evidencia-se que o trabalho dos seis mil Agentes vem contribuindo com novas práticas efetivas, de criação de oportunidades para a incorporação e abordagem de questões ambientais nas ações de promoção da saúde.

ABSTRACT The work of the Community Health Agents in the Project Green and Healthiness environments: building integrated publie politics in São Paulo. Proposal from a joint within the Green and the Environment, Health, Assistance and Social Development and Education Departments. The objective is integrate of the publie politics towards the inclusion of environmental issues of the actions to the advancement in health developed in the area of 31 subcities halls, in five regional of health in the district. The work of 6000 Agents have been contributing with new effective know-how, developing opportunities to the incorporation and the boarding of environment issues of health advancement.

Formação dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde na cidade de São Paulo: ação civilizatória na construção de Ambientes Verdes e Saudáveis / Training of Community Health Workers in São Paulo: civilizing action in the construction of Green and Healthy Environments

RESUMO Procura-se analisar a atuação dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde no Projeto Ambientes Verdes e Saudáveis quanto à construção de políticas públicas integradas na cidade de São Paulo, uma articulação entre as Secretarias do Verde e do Meio Ambiente, da Saúde, da Assistência e Desenvolvimento Social, e da Educação. Busca-se articular a integração das políticas públicas para a inclusão das questões ambientais nas ações de promoção da saúde desenvolvidas nos territórios nas 31 subprefeituras, das cinco regionais de saúde. Evidencia-se que o trabalho dos seis mil Agentes vem contribuindo com novas práticas efetivas, de criação de oportunidades para a incorporação e abordagem de questões ambientais nas ações de promoção da saúde.

ABSTRACT The work of the Community Health Agents in the Project Green and Healthiness environments: building integrated publie politics in São Paulo. Proposal from a joint within the Green and the Environment, Health, Assistance and Social Development and Education Departments. The objective is integrate of the publie politics towards the inclusion of environmental issues of the actions to the advancement in health developed in the area of 31 subcities halls, in five regional of health in the district. The work of 6000 Agents have been contributing with new effective know-how, developing opportunities to the incorporation and the boarding of environment issues of health advancement.

Perfil tecnológico de sistemas de produção de leite resfriado

This study aimed to characterize the dairy producers in Territory of Itapetinga region using a semi-structured questionnaire. Seventeen dairy producers were interviewed and stratified into: small (up to 50kg milk/day), medium (51 to 200kg of milk/day) and large (more than 200kg of milk/day). The data analysis was performed using one-dimensional analysis and nonparametric analysis. Small producers have not been identified. Of all dairy producers interviewed, 17.6% were characterized as medium and 82.4% as large dairy producers. The average time in dairy activity was 22 years to medium dairy producers and 20 years to large dairy producers. The herd genetic composition was crossbreed Zebu x Taurus. The average milk production was 1260kg/milk/lactation to medium dairy producers and 1594kg/milk/lactation to large dairy producers. The lactation period was 274 days to both strata. The age at first calving ranged from 25 to 28 months, respectively, to large or medium dairy producers. The calving interval was 406 days to medium dairy producers and 480 days to large producers. All interviewed dairy producers vaccine their herds against foot and mouth disease. Only one dairy producer realizes the tuberculin´s test. The production systems evaluated showed low use of technologies and require a strategic management to improve animal production.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho caracterizar os fornecedores de leite de um laticínio comercial localizado no Território de Identidade de Itapetinga por meio da aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado. Do total de 28 fornecedores foram entrevistados 17, estes estratificados em pequenos (até 50kg de leite/dia), médios (51 a 200kg de leite/dia) ou grandes (maior que 200kg de leite/dia). A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de análises unidimensionais e análises não paramétricas e comparação de médias. Não foram observados pequenos fornecedores de leite. Dos entrevistados, 17,6% foram caracterizados como médios e 82,4% como grandes fornecedores de leite. O tempo médio na atividade leiteira variou entre 20 e 22 anos, respectivamente para grandes e médios fornecedores de leite. O agrupamento genético observado nos dois estratos foi o cruzamento Zebu X Taurinos, com produção média de 1.260kg/leite/lactação e 1.594kg/leite/lactação, respectivamente para os médios e grandes fornecedores. O período de lactação foi semelhante entre os estratos (274 dias). A idade ao primeiro parto variou entre 28 (médios) e 25 meses (grandes). O intervalo de partos foi de 406 dias (médios) e 480 dias (grandes). Todos os fornecedores entrevistados vacinavam seus animais contra febre aftosa. Apenas um fornecedor realiza o teste com tuberculina. Os sistemas de produção estudados apresentam deficiência no uso de tecnologias disponíveis e necessitam de planejamento para melhorar os indicadores zootécnicos.

Seed health of common bean stored at constant moisture and temperature

Fungal incidence in stored common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the main concern in order to preserve seed health and viability. The main aim of this study was to analyse these quality parameters in hermetically stored seeds at 10.2, 13.1, 16.2, 18.5% moisture content (MC) and 25, 30, 35, 40°C, through seed germination and health tests. Water activity recorded at 10.2 and 18.5% MC were 0.448 and 0.700, respectively. Low seed moisture content reduced Alternaria spp. incidence at 25-30°C. Highest incidence of Fusarium spp. (7.5%) occurred at 16.2% MC and 35-40°C. Highest incidences of Rhizoctonia spp. (8-10%) were recorded at 16.2-18.5% MC and 30-40°C. Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. were predominant throughout the experiment and the highest incidences (80-100%; 20-30%, respectively) were scored at 18.5% MC and 30-35°C and 13.1-18.5% MC at 35°C, respectively. The higher the seed MC the higher the fungi incidence while lower seed MC decreased the incidences by 25%. Storage conditions below 30°C and 13.0% MC appear suitable to preserve common bean seed in relation to viability and health, up to a 8-month period.

A incidência de fungos em sementes de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é a preocupação principal de cientistas e tecnologistas de sementes visando preservar a sua sanidade e viabilidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar esses parâmetros de qualidade em sementes hermeticamente armazenadas com graus de umidade de 10,2, 13,1, 16,2 e 18,5% a 25, 30, 35, 40°C, através de testes de germinação e de sanidade. Os valores de atividade de água obtidos para graus de umidade de 10,2 e 18,5% foram de 0,448 e 0,700. Baixos graus de umidade reduziram a incidência de Alternaria spp. a 25-30°C. A maior incidência de Fusarium spp. (7,5%) ocorreu com grau de umidade de 16,2% a 35-40°C. As maiores incidências de Rhizoctonia spp. (8-10%) foram registradas para graus de umidade de 16,2 e 18,5% a 30-40°C. Os fungos Penicillium spp. e Aspergillus spp. foram predominantes durante todo o experimento, sendo que as maiores incidências (80-100%; 20-30%) foram registradas para 18,5% de umidade a 30-35°C e 13,1-18,5% de umidade a 35°C, respectivamente. Quanto maior o grau de umidade da semente maior foi a incidência de fungos, enquanto que os valores mais baixos de umidade reduziram essas incidências a 25%. Temperaturas de armazenamento abaixo de 30°C e graus de umidades inferiores a 13,0% parecem ser as condições adequadas para preservar a viabilidade e a sanidade de sementes de feijão por até 8 meses.

Seed health of common bean stored at constant moisture and temperature

Fungal incidence in stored common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the main concern in order to preserve seed health and viability. The main aim of this study was to analyse these quality parameters in hermetically stored seeds at 10.2, 13.1, 16.2, 18.5% moisture content (MC) and 25, 30, 35, 40°C, through seed germination and health tests. Water activity recorded at 10.2 and 18.5% MC were 0.448 and 0.700, respectively. Low seed moisture content reduced Alternaria spp. incidence at 25-30°C. Highest incidence of Fusarium spp. (7.5%) occurred at 16.2% MC and 35-40°C. Highest incidences of Rhizoctonia spp. (8-10%) were recorded at 16.2-18.5% MC and 30-40°C. Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. were predominant throughout the experiment and the highest incidences (80-100%; 20-30%, respectively) were scored at 18.5% MC and 30-35°C and 13.1-18.5% MC at 35°C, respectively. The higher the seed MC the higher the fungi incidence while lower seed MC decreased the incidences by 25%. Storage conditions below 30°C and 13.0% MC appear suitable to preserve common bean seed in relation to viability and health, up to a 8-month period.

A incidência de fungos em sementes de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é a preocupação principal de cientistas e tecnologistas de sementes visando preservar a sua sanidade e viabilidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar esses parâmetros de qualidade em sementes hermeticamente armazenadas com graus de umidade de 10,2, 13,1, 16,2 e 18,5% a 25, 30, 35, 40°C, através de testes de germinação e de sanidade. Os valores de atividade de água obtidos para graus de umidade de 10,2 e 18,5% foram de 0,448 e 0,700. Baixos graus de umidade reduziram a incidência de Alternaria spp. a 25-30°C. A maior incidência de Fusarium spp. (7,5%) ocorreu com grau de umidade de 16,2% a 35-40°C. As maiores incidências de Rhizoctonia spp. (8-10%) foram registradas para graus de umidade de 16,2 e 18,5% a 30-40°C. Os fungos Penicillium spp. e Aspergillus spp. foram predominantes durante todo o experimento, sendo que as maiores incidências (80-100%; 20-30%) foram registradas para 18,5% de umidade a 30-35°C e 13,1-18,5% de umidade a 35°C, respectivamente. Quanto maior o grau de umidade da semente maior foi a incidência de fungos, enquanto que os valores mais baixos de umidade reduziram essas incidências a 25%. Temperaturas de armazenamento abaixo de 30°C e graus de umidades inferiores a 13,0% parecem ser as condições adequadas para preservar a viabilidade e a sanidade de sementes de feijão por até 8 meses.