Greener organic synthetic methods: Sonochemistry and heterogeneous catalysis promoted multicomponent reactions.

Ultrasound is an essential technique to improve organic synthesis from the point of view of green chemistry, as it can promote better yields and selectivities, in addition to shorter reaction times when compared to the conventional methods. Heterogeneous catalysis is another pillar of sustainable chemistry being the recycling and reuse of the catalysts one of its great advantage. In the other hand, multicomponent reactions provide the synthesis of structurally diverse compounds, in a one-pot fashion, without isolation and purification of intermediates. Thus, the combination of these protocols has proved to be a powerful tool to obtain biologically active organic compounds with lower costs, time and energy consumption. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of advances on methods of organic synthesis that have been reported over the past ten years with focus on ultrasound-assisted multicomponent reactions under heterogeneous catalysis. In particular, we present pharmacologically important N- and O-heterocyclic compounds, considering their synthetic methods using green solvents, and catalyst recycling.

Application of dual descriptor to understand the activity of C u/Z r O 2 catalysts in the water gas shift reaction.

A comparative theoretical study applying Dual Descriptor has been performed using Water Gas Shift reaction, catalyzed by copper supported on monoclinic and tetragonal zirconia. The Dual Descriptor and thermodynamic considerations were used to understand the structural effects that occur in the reaction when it is catalyzed by C u on both zirconia phases. It was found that the formation of carbonates in the C u supported on tetragonal zirconia dehydrogenates consistently with experimental results.