Physical separation and reduction of contact duration with sexually hyperactive bucks decrease testosterone concentrations and sexual behaviour in bucks in sexual rest.

Sexually hyperactive bucks are more efficient than sexually hypoactive bucks in stimulating testosterone secretion and sexual behaviour in other bucks in seasonal sexual rest by the phenomenon that we called the "buck-to-buck effect". Here, we determined whether physical separation and reduction of the duration of contact with the sexually hyperactive bucks would modify those parameters in sexually hypoactive bucks exposed to the "buck-to-buck effect". Bucks were subjected to natural day length throughout the study; this was the sexually hypoactive group. Other bucks were subjected to artificial long days (16 h of light per day) from 15 November to 15 January followed by exposure to natural day length to stimulate their sexual activity during the rest season; this was the sexually hyperactive group. In Experiment 1, we determined testosterone concentrations and sexual behaviour of six sexually hypoactive bucks separated 1.5 m from six sexually hyperactive bucks for 60 days by a metal open work fence, while a control group of six sexually hypoactive bucks was in permanent contact with six sexually hyperactive bucks. In Experiment 2, the duration of contact with sexually hyperactive males was reduced from 31 days (contact group, six bucks) to 10 days (withdraw group, seven bucks). In experiments 1 and 2, there was an effect of time (P < 0.01) and an interaction between time and groups (P < 0.05). In Experiment 1, testosterone plasma concentrations were greater in bucks in contact with sexually hyperactive bucks than in those separated from bucks at 20 and 30 days after the introduction of sexually hyperactive bucks (P < 0.01). The bucks from the contact group also displayed more nudging than bucks from the separated group from 0 to 30 days (P < 0.001). In Experiment 2, testosterone concentrations were greater in the contact group than in those from the withdraw group from 19 to 31 days after the introduction of sexually hyperactive bucks (P < 0.05). Bucks from the withdraw group displayed more nudging than the contact group 7 days after the introduction of the sexually hyperactive bucks (P < 0.05). Afterwards, bucks from the contact group displayed more nudging than the withdraw group 14, 21 and 28 days after the introduction of the sexually hyperactive bucks. We concluded that physical separation and reduction of the duration of contact with the sexually hyperactive bucks decrease testosterone concentrations and sexual behaviour of bucks in sexual rest exposed to the "buck-to-buck effect".

Maintenance of permanent sexual activity throughout the year in seasonal bucks using short photoperiodic cycles in open barns.

Seasonality of reproductive activity in rams and bucks is the major constraint in temperate and subtropical zones. Rapid alternation between 1 month of short days and 1 month of long days (LD) over three years in lightproof buildings eliminates this seasonality. We examined if this would also work in open barns, using only supplementary light. Over two years, one group of bucks (n = 7) was subjected to alternate 1 month of LD and 1 month of permanent light (LD-LL) and another group (n = 7) to alternate 1 month of LD and 1 month of natural light (LD-NL). A simultaneous control group, used for both experiments (CG1, n = 6; CG2, n = 6), remained under natural photoperiod. BW, testis weight (TW), plasma testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) were evaluated in all bucks. CG1 and CG2 bucks showed identical dramatic seasonal variations in BW (stable or decreasing in summer), TW (from 85 ± 12 g in February to 127 ± 7 g in July) and T (from 2.7 ± 1.2 ng/mL in January-April to 24.3 ± 3.2 ng/mL in June-October). By contrast, BW of LD-LL and LD-NL bucks increased regularly during the experiment. From 5 and 9 months after the experiment onset, LD-LL and LD-NL bucks, respectively, maintained constant TW of 115 ± 5 g until the experiment end. After the first 3 months <5 ng/mL, T of LD-LL bucks remained constant (5-10 ng/mL) until the experiment end. By contrast, T of LD-NL bucks showed four periods of low (<5 ng/mL) and two periods of high concentrations (18.1 ± 2.6 and 11.9 ± 3.4 ng/mL). Plasma C remained low (5-8 ng/mL) and did not change with group or light treatment. These results show for the first time in any seasonal photoperiodic species that it is possible to maintain the sexual activity of males all year round in open buildings using alternating periods of LD and LL. By contrast, return to NL instead of LL every other month does not prevent seasonality in T concentration. These results raise interesting questions about the photoperiodic control of neuroendocrine regulation of seasonal sexual activity and suggest that these treatments can be used to manage males in open barns in farms and in artificial insemination centres. (Spanish and French versions of the full text are available as Supplementary Materials S1 and S2).

Validity of the Brazilian online version of the Sexual Desire Inventory 2

SUMMARY The Sexual Desire Inventory 2 is a self-report instrument for assessing sexual desire in men and women. In Brazil, there is no validated sexual desire self-report for the adult population. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the evidence of validity for the content and construct of the Brazilian online version of the Sexual Desire Inventory 2. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with Brazilian men and women. The sample size was calculated using the criterion of more than 20 participants per item. The invitation to participate in the study was conducted online by the platform Survey Monkey®. The Sexual Desire Inventory 2 was evaluated for content, construct, reliability, and invariance. Results: A total of 818 female and male adults participated in the study. The two-dimensional factorial solution represented 71% of the total variance explained by the model, and the factorial loads of the model were ≥0.40; commonalities presented values ≥0.23. Reliability was measured by the coefficients of Cronbach's alpha with a total score of 0.87, McDonald's of 0.87, Omega, and greatest lower bound with a total score of 0.95. The metric invariance was tested for the sex variables ΔCFI (comparative fit index) and ΔRMSEA (root mean square error of approximation) with a total score of 0.01. Conclusion: The analyses indicate evidence of robust validity in the Brazilian online version of the Sexual Desire Inventory 2.

The use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction: scoping review

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the available evidence regarding the efficacy of iPDE5 in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction (FSD). Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in March 2023 through the main scientific databases. Results A total of 53 articles were identified, out of which, 6 met the predefined inclusion criteria. All of these were randomized controlled trials. Among the included studies, 4 demonstrated the effectiveness of sildenafil in improving sexual response and addressing FSD, while 2 studies failed to establish its efficacy in this context. Conclusion Overall, the efficacy of sildenafil in the treatment of FSD remains controversial and inconclusive based on the available evidence. Further research is necessary to clarify the therapeutic potential of iPDE5 in addressing FSD and to better understand the factors that influence treatment outcomes.

Group-training of rams at puberty for artificial vagina-mediated semen collection and its influence on semen quality and sexual behavior.

There is a paucity of information with respect to group-training for artificial vagina and its influence on semen characteristics and sexual behavior of young untrained rams. A total of 18 healthy Najdi rams (with an initial body weight of 40-45 Kg and 7-8 month-old) were consequently used herein to test the usefulness of group-training for artificial vagina-mediated semen collection during the breeding season. Rams were randomly segregated into three groups (n = 6 rams per protocol), and the whole experiment was lasted for 10 weeks. The 1st group was subjected to a training protocol where one untrained ram was placed for 20 min with a teaser ewe, while the 2nd group were subjected to a protocol where one untrained ram was placed for 20 min with one trained ram and a teaser ewe, whereas the 3rd group were subjected to a protocol where three untrained rams were placed for 20 min with one trained ram and a teaser ewe. The obtained results clearly (P < 0.05) showed that training young rams in group has increased their sperm concentration and sexual stimulation, shortened the period of their training time, and descriptively had a complete training efficiency. The sexual stimulation of young untrained rams was intensified by the competition between rams in the co-presence of a trained ram. Collectively, these data may suggest that group-training of rams at puberty is a better protocol for AV-mediated semen collection compared to individual training. Some shortcomings were noted herein, but research dealing with this subject may very well improve the reproductive performance of young untrained rams.

Group-training of rams at puberty for artificial vagina-mediated semen collection and its influence on semen quality and sexual behavior

There is a paucity of information with respect to group-training for artificial vagina and its influence on semen characteristics and sexual behavior of young untrained rams. A total of 18 healthy Najdi rams (with an initial body weight of 40-45 Kg and 7-8 month-old) were consequently used herein to test the usefulness of group-training for artificial vagina-mediated semen collection during the breeding season. Rams were randomly segregated into three groups (n = 6 rams per protocol), and the whole experiment was lasted for 10 weeks. The 1st group was subjected to a training protocol where one untrained ram was placed for 20 min with a teaser ewe, while the 2nd group were subjected to a protocol where one untrained ram was placed for 20 min with one trained ram and a teaser ewe, whereas the 3rd group were subjected to a protocol where three untrained rams were placed for 20 min with one trained ram and a teaser ewe. The obtained results clearly (P < 0.05) showed that training young rams in group has increased their sperm concentration and sexual stimulation, shortened the period of their training time, and descriptively had a complete training efficiency. The sexual stimulation of young untrained rams was intensified by the competition between rams in the co-presence of a trained ram. Collectively, these data may suggest that group-training of rams at puberty is a better protocol for AV-mediated semen collection compared to individual training. Some shortcomings were noted herein, but research dealing with this subject may very well improve the reproductive performance of young untrained rams.(AU)

Causas e Tratamentos de Distúrbios Ejaculatórios em Garanhões / Causes and Treatments of Ejaculatory Disorders in Stallions

A ejaculação é um complexo processo de eventos neurofisiológicos sincronizados em coordenação com vários sistemas e órgãos. Antes do advento da injeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides (ICSI), a ejaculação era um passo absolutamente essencial na reprodução. Os distúrbios ejaculatórios por sua vez são caracterizados pela não ocorrência do processo ejaculatório, mesmo que todos os demais parâmetros relacionados ao comportamento sexual apresentem-se normais. As principais causas dessas falhas ou alterações na ejaculação estão relacionadas à sensibilidade dolorosa durante a cópula, ejaculação retrógrada, disfunção psicogênica, obstruções do aparelho reprodutor masculino, urospermia, oligospermia ou azoospermia, além de falhas na contração da musculatura lisa do trato genital ou alterações musculoesqueléticas e neurológicas. O tratamento é dependente da causa primária de cada alteração. O controle da dor, ajustes no manejo, aumento do estímulo antes da coleta associados a tratamentos farmacológicos que atuam nas sinapses neuromotoras penianas tendem a resolver os principais distúrbios ejaculatórios, levando-se em consideração que as respostas a estes tratamentos são variadas de acordo com a individualidade do garanhão com relação a doses, protocolos, vias de administração e combinações de fármacos.(AU)

Ejaculation is a complex process of neurophysiological events synchronized in coordination with various systems and organs. Before the advent of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), ejaculation was an absolutely essential step in reproduction. Ejaculatory disorders, in turn, are characterized by the nonoccurrence of the ejaculatory process, even if all other parameters related to sexual behavior are normal. The main causes of these failures or changes in ejaculation are related to painful sensitivity during copulation, retrograde ejaculation, psychogenic dysfunction, obstructions of the male reproductive system, urospermia, oligospermia, azoospermia, in addition to failures in the contraction of the smooth muscles of the genital tract or musculoskeletal disorders and neurological. Treatment is dependent on the primary cause of each change. Pain control, management adjustments, increased stimulus before collection associated with pharmacological treatments that act on penile neuromotor synapses tend to resolve the main ejaculatory disorders, taking into account that the responses to these treatments vary according to the individuality of the stallion with regard to dosages, protocols, routes of administration and drug combinations.(AU)

[Evaluation of sexual issues by professionals who assist type 2 diabetic men]. / Evaluación de temas sexuales por profesionales que asisten a hombres con diabetes tipo 2.

INTRODUCTION: Our objective was to assess whether physicians who care for people with type 2 diabetes address andrological symptoms such as erectile sexual dysfunction, decreased libido, and symptoms and/or signs of hypogonadism. METHODS: An anonymous survey was carried out with 171 doctors, 113 were females (66.1%), the mean age was 46 ± 10 years (females: 45 ± 10 and males: 49 ± 10, p = 0.006). RESULTS: There were no differences in responses according to gender. Regarding the presence of erectile sexual dysfunction and/or decreased libido, 44.4% (n = 76) and 55.6% (n = 95) did not ask about them, respectively. In patients with symptoms of hypogonadism, 50.9% (n = 87) did not request a testosterone measurement. Regarding the improvement of the metabolic profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus and sexual symptoms after replacement with testosterone, 65.8% of the respondents answered that both conditions could improve after treatment. In the presence of symptoms compatible with hypogonadism, 74.7% of those surveyed stated that the measurement of testosterone should be performed. A total of 108 (63.2%) showed interest in being trained on topics related to type 2 diabetes and disorders of the sexual sphere. CONCLUSION: A large percentage of physicians who take care of men with type 2 diabetes do not inquire about andrological disorders. It is necessary to raise awareness and train doctors to detect, treat and/or refer these frequent health problems, not only to improve the quality of life of patients but also to effectively respond and prevent a major health problem.

Introducción: Los trastornos andrológicos son frecuentes en varones con diabetes tipo 2. El objetivo fue evaluar si los médicos que atienden a personas con diabetes tipo 2 abordan problemas andrológicos como disfunción sexual eréctil, disminución de libido y síntomas de hipogonadismo. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una encuesta anónima a 171 médicos, de ellos 113 fueron mujeres (66.1%) con una edad media de 46 ± 10 años (mujeres: 45 ± 10 y varones: 49 ± 10, p = 0.006). Resultados: No hubo diferencias en las respuestas según el género. El 44.4% (n = 76) y el 55.6% (n = 95) no preguntan sobre la presencia de disfunción sexual eréctil y/o disminución de libido, respectivamente. El 50.9% (n = 87) no solicitó medición de testosterona en pacientes con síntomas de hipogonadismo. El 65.8% de los participantes respondió que el reemplazo con testosterona puede mejorar el perfil metabólico de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y los síntomas sexuales. El 74.7% de los encuestados afirmó que la medición de testosterona debería realizarse ante la presencia de síntomas compatibles con hipogonadismo. El 63.2% (n = 108) mostró interés en formación sobre temas relacionados a diabetes tipo 2 y trastornos de la esfera sexual. Conclusión: Un gran porcentaje de médicos que asisten a varones con diabetes tipo 2 no indaga sobre trastornos andrológicos. Es necesario concientizar y entrenar a los médicos, para detectar, tratar y/o derivar estos problemas de salud tan frecuentes, no solo para mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes sino para responder y prevenir efectivamente a un problema mayor de salud.

Evaluación de temas sexuales por profesionales que asisten a hombres con diabetes tipo 2 / Evaluation of sexual issues by professionals who assist type 2 diabetic men

Resumen Introducción: Los trastornos andrológicos son frecuentes en varones con diabetes tipo 2. El objetivo fue evaluar si los médicos que atienden a personas con diabetes tipo 2 abordan problemas andro lógicos como disfunción sexual eréctil, disminución de libido y síntomas de hipogonadismo. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una encuesta anónima a 171 médicos, de ellos 113 fueron mujeres (66.1%) con una edad media de 46 ± 10 años (mujeres: 45 ± 10 y varones: 49 ± 10, p = 0.006). Resultados: No hubo diferencias en las res puestas según el género. El 44.4% (n = 76) y el 55.6% (n = 95) no preguntan sobre la presencia de disfunción sexual eréctil y/o disminución de libido, respectivamente. El 50.9% (n = 87) no solicitó medición de testosterona en pacientes con síntomas de hipogonadismo. El 65.8% de los participantes respondió que el reemplazo con testosterona puede mejorar el perfil metabólico de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y los síntomas sexuales. El 74.7% de los encuestados afirmó que la medición de testosterona debería realizarse ante la presencia de síntomas compatibles con hipogonadismo. El 63.2% (n = 108) mostró interés en formación sobre temas relacionados a diabetes tipo 2 y trastornos de la esfera sexual. Conclusión: Un gran porcentaje de médicos que asisten a varones con diabetes tipo 2 no indaga sobre trastornos andrológicos. Es necesario concientizar y entrenar a los médicos, para detectar, tratar y/o derivar estos problemas de salud tan frecuentes, no solo para mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes sino para responder y prevenir efectivamente a un problema mayor de salud.

Abstract Introduction: Our objective was to assess whether physicians who care for people with type 2 dia betes address andrological symptoms such as erectile sexual dysfunction, decreased libido, and symptoms and/ or signs of hypogonadism. Methods: An anonymous survey was carried out with 171 doctors, 113 were females (66.1%), the mean age was 46 ± 10 years (females: 45 ± 10 and males: 49 ± 10, p = 0.006). Results: There were no differences in responses according to gender. Regarding the presence of erectile sexual dysfunction and/or decreased libido, 44.4% (n = 76) and 55.6% (n = 95) did not ask about them, respectively. In patients with symptoms of hypogonadism, 50.9% (n = 87) did not request a testosterone measurement. Regarding the improvement of the metabolic profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus and sexual symptoms after replacement with testosterone, 65.8% of the respondents answered that both conditions could improve after treatment. In the presence of symptoms compatible with hypogonadism, 74.7% of those surveyed stated that the measurement of testosterone should be performed. A total of 108 (63.2%) showed interest in being trained on topics related to type 2 diabetes and disorders of the sexual sphere. Conclusion: A large percentage of physicians who take care of men with type 2 diabetes do not inquire about andrological disorders. It is necessary to raise awareness and train doctors to detect, treat and/or refer these frequent health problems, not only to improve the quality of life of patients but also to effectively respond and prevent a major health problem.

Psicopatologias atuais e traumatofilias: Libido Intrassomática detectada em avaliação psicológica da personalidade na análise do discurso e protocolos de testes projetivos atualizados / Psicopatologías actuales y traumatofilias: Libido Intrasomática detectada en evaluación psicológica de personalidad en análisis del discurso y protocolos de tests proyectivos actualizados / Current psychopathologies and traumatophilias: intrasomatic libido detected in psychological assessment of personality in discourse analysis and updated projective testing protocols

A avaliação psicológica no Brasil é regida por Instruções Normativas e Resoluções que indicam as características de personalidade necessárias ou impeditivas para diversas áreas laborais, educacionais e sociais. Postulada por Maldavsky, a Libido Intrassomática (LI) é uma fase libidinal onde são originárias as patologias atuais (Patologias do Desvalimento). A LI pode ser detectada no discurso do sujeito e também em testes como o Z-Teste (Burani, 2020 e 2022) e Questionário Desiderativo -QD (Sneiderman, 2012) de acordo com novos aportes teóricos. Objetivo:O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a Libido Intrassomática detectada em Avaliação Psicológica da personalidade na análise do discurso e protocolos de testes projetivos atualizados, mediante a aplicação do Z-Teste e Questionário Desiderativo e do discurso do avaliado. Material y Métodos:Analisamos 211 protocolos de QD e Z-Teste, e dados de saúde obtidos ementrevista, de homens com idades entre 30 e 60 anos avaliados para uso de armas. Esta pesquisa foi aprovada na Plataforma Brasil, CAAE: 42474920.4.0000.0123 e integra a tese do autor. Resultados:As análises dos protocolos indicaram quais as erogeneidades predominantes nas respostas: LI apareceu em 15% das respostas do Z-teste e em 13% das respostas do QDcatexias positivas e 37% das respostas de QD catexias negativas. Vinculamos esta frequência aos dados de saúde dos avaliados mediante seu discurso, indicando a presença de hipertensão, diabetes, problemas respiratórios, alergias entre outras as patologias atuais de desvalimento, e em na maioria dos casos em adicções etraumatologias ou tendência a acidentes. Conclusões:A detecção de erogeneidades em respostas de testes projetivos permite não só melhor avaliação de características da personalidade, mas a detecção patologias atuais de desvalimento. A presença de LI em avaliação psicológica para o uso de armas de fogo, indica a necessidade de estudos mais profundos quanto às patologias atuais do desvalimento, sobretudo para esta população AU

La evaluación psicológica en Brasil se rige por Instrucciones Normativas y Resoluciones que señalan las características de personalidad necesarias u obstaculizantes para diversas áreas laborales, educativas y sociales. Postulada por Maldavsky, la Libido Intrasomática (LI) es una fase libidinal donde se originan las patologías actuales (Patologías del Desvalimiento). LI se puede detectar en el habla del sujeto y también en pruebas como el Z-Test (Burani, 2020 y 2022) y el Cuestionario Desiderativo -CD (Sneiderman, 2012) según nuevos aportes teóricos. Objetivo:El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la Libido Intrasomática detectada en Evaluación Psicológica de la personalidad en el análisis del habla y protocolos actualizados de pruebas proyectivas, mediante la aplicación del Z-Test y Cuestionario Desiderativo y el habla evaluada. Material y Métodos:Se analizaron 211 protocolos QD y Z-Test, y datos de salud obtenidos en entrevistas, de hombres de entre 30 y 60 años evaluados por uso de armas. Esta investigación fue aprobada por Plataforma Brasil, CAAE: 42474920.4.0000.0123 y es parte de la tesis del autor. Resultados: El análisis de los protocolos indicó qué erogeneidades predominaron en las respuestas: LI apareció en el 15% de lasrespuestas de la prueba Z y en el 13% de las respuestas QD catexias positivas y 37% de las respostas de QD catexias negativas. Vinculamos esta frecuencia a los datos de salud de los evaluados a través de su discurso, indicando la presencia de hipertensión arterial, diabetes, problemas respiratorios, alergias entre otras patologías actuales de desamparo, y en la mayoría de los casos en adicciones y tendencia a accidentes. Conclusiones: La detección de erogeneidades en las respuestas de los test proyectivos permite no solo una mejor valoración de las características de personalidad, sino también la detección de patologías de desvalimento y patologias actuales. La presencia de LI en la valoración psicológica para el uso de armas de fuego indica la necesidad de profundizar en los estudios sobre las patologías actuales y desvalimiento, especialmente para esta población AU

Psychological assessment in Brazil is governed by Normative Instructions and Resolutions that indicate the necessary or impeding personality characteristics for various work, educational and social areas. Postulated by Maldavsky, Intrasomatic Libido (LI) is a libidinal phase where current pathologies originate (Pathologies of Helplessness). LI can be detected in the subject's speech and also in tests such as the Z-Test (Burani, 2020 and 2022) and the Desiderative Questionnaire -QD (Sneiderman, 2012) according to new theoretical contributions. Objective: The objective of this article is to present the Intrasomatic Libido detected in Psychological Assessment of the personality in the analysis of the speech and updated projective test protocols, through the application of the Z-Test and Desiderative Questionnaire and the evaluated speech.Material and Methods: We analyzed 211 QD and Z-Test protocols, and health data obtained in interviews, from men aged between 30 and 60 years evaluated for use of weapons. This research was approved by Plataforma Brasil, CAAE: 42474920.4.0000.0123 and is part of the author's thesis. Results: Analysis of the protocols indicated which erogeneities were predominant in the responses: LI appeared in 15% of the Z-test responses and in 13% of the QD responses. We linked this frequency to the health data of those evaluated through their speech, indicating the presence of hypertension, diabetes, respiratory problems, allergies among other current pathologies of helplessness, and in most cases in addictions and tendency to accidents. Conclusions: The detection of erogeneities in projective test responses allows not only a better assessment of personality characteristics, but also the detection of current helplessness pathologies. The presence of LI in psychological assessment for the use of firearms indicates the need for deeper studies regarding the current pathologies of helplessness, especially for this population AU

Sexual behavior and seminal characteristics of Brahman bulls in the Colombian tropical flooded savanna: effects of reproductive management systems and climatic periods.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the seminal traits and sexual behaviors of mature Brahman bulls in a multi-sire system during mating or resting seasons and different climatic periods of the year at the Colombian flooded savannas. Thirty-two Brahman bulls, suitable for reproduction, were used, which were subjected to breeding soundness evaluation, as well as the libido and service capacity tests. Such evaluations were compared among different seasons of the year in relation to the rainfall. Libido and service capacity tests were carried out in paddock for 12 continuous hours. Scrotal circumference and all seminal traits were not influenced by the mating or rest seasons, neither by the different climatic periods. However, libido and service capacity were significantly affected by the climatic periods, decreasing their expression during the intense rainfall season, and increasing during the transition period from summer to the onset of rains, which could be considered the appropriate time to establish mating seasons in this region. Furthermore, a high positive correlation was observed between libido and service capacity confirmed by a logistic model that animals with low libido have low probability of having high service capacity. In conclusion, although Brahman bulls are physiologically adapted to tropical regions, their expression of sexual behavior is markedly influenced by the weather. Hence, the use of libido test may serve as a good predictor of the service capacity, and a useful tool to improve the selection of sires.

Sexual desire in Brazilian women: an integrative review of scientific literature / Desejo sexual em mulheres brasileiras: uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica

Women's sexual desire is a recurring subject in gynecology and psychotherapy offices where a relevant and frequent complaint is the lack of sexual desire. This study aimed to carry out an integrative review of the scientific literature published between 2008 and 2018, on the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Scientific Eletronic Library Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde platforms on the subject of sexual desire in Brazilian women. Three groups of descriptors were taken into consideration for the searches; the first included "sexual desire" the second, "woman" and the third, "Brazil". Among the 35 articles selected, data regarding the type of research carried out; the cut-out criterion selected for sample and perspective that were used to comprehend desire were collected. The conclusion is that most articles maintain a biological perspective for understanding desire and point out a gap to be filled by psychology on this matter.

O desejo sexual nas mulheres é tema recorrente nos consultórios de ginecologia e psicoterapia; e a sua falta, uma queixa frequente e relevante. Tendo em vista essa constatação, este trabalho propõe-se a fazer uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica produzida entre 2008 e 2018, nas plataformas Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Scientific Eletronic Library Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, sobre o tema do desejo sexual em mulheres brasileiras. Foram utilizados três grupos de descritores para as buscas, o primeiro relacionado é relacionado a "desejo sexual"; o segundo, a "mulher", "feminino" e "gênero"; e o terceiro, a "Brasil". Entre os 35 artigos selecionados, foram levantados dados quanto ao tipo de pesquisa realizada, à escolha do critério para recorte da amostra e à perspectiva utilizada para a compreensão do desejo. Conclui-se que a maior parte dos artigos mantém uma perspectiva biológica para compreensão do desejo, e que há uma lacuna a ser ocupada pela psicologia no que concerne a esse assunto.

Among Body, Image, and Word: the Power of The Libido / Entre Corpo, Imagem e Palavra: O Poder da Libido

Abstract This article originated from the will to understand how Freud formulates, in his theoretical work, the importance of the word, despite how obvious it may seem to use it as a tool for psychic treatment. Therefore, we researched the basis of his thoughts to check how he elaborates it so that we could address the question appropriately. Not only did we notice that Freud thinks of the word as one of the dimensions in which the libidinal energy goes through the psychophysiological mechanism, but also, it came to our attention that we should consider the interconnection between the body and the images of the soul [seele] to understand the function of the word in his work.

Resumo Deixando de lado a aparente obviedade de utilizar a palavra como ferramenta para o tratamento psíquico, o presente artigo partiu do desejo de compreender como Freud formulou a importância da palavra em sua obra teórica. Para que a matéria fosse devidamente tratada, buscamos nas bases do pensamento freudiano sua elaboração. Esta pesquisa permitiu-nos entender que Freud formula a palavra como uma das dimensões em que a energia libidinal transita no aparelho psicofisiológico. Não só isso, proporcionou-nos a ponderação de que é preciso reconhecer a interdependência entre o corpo e alma [Seele] para que a função da palavra seja devidamente compreendida em sua obra.

Neurose obsessiva: a construção de uma psiconeurose / Obsessive neurosis: the construction of psychoneurosis / Névrose obsessive: la construction de la psychonévrose

A neurose obsessiva é uma das duas psiconeuroses de defesa descritas por Freud e sobre as quais se baseou fundamentalmente a construção e desenvolvimento de seu modelo de aparelho psíquico. No presente artigo, nos propomos promover um estudo sobre a neurose obsessiva, sua dinâmica e mecanismos de defesa. Para tal, desenvolveremos uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema tomando como ponto de partida a consideração angular de Castel (2011), segundo a qual teria sido a neurose obsessiva e não a histeria a responsável pelo surgimento das bases da psicanálise e da construção da ideia de um aparelho psíquico. A fim de circunscrever a ideia proposta por Castel, nos dedicaremos prioritariamente a um percurso sobre a construção da neurose obsessiva pautados nas proposições freudianas. Seguiremos a linha temporal buscando lançar luz sobre o desenvolvimento de uma forma de organização própria a essa neurose e sua dinâmica do desejo em pauta. Por fim, apresentaremos as considerações de Abraham a partir das quais desenvolveremos a ideia de um movimento de regressão libidinal posta em questão nesses casos, e não uma lógica de fixação a um estágio específico do desenvolvimento libidinal.

Obsessive neurosis is one of the two defense psychoneuroses described by Freud and on which the construction and development of his model of psychic apparatus was fundamentally based. In this article, we propose to promote a study on obsessional neurosis, its dynamics and defense mechanisms. To this end, we will develop a literature review on the subject taking Castel's (2011) angular consideration as a starting point, according to which it was obsessive neurosis and not hysteria that was responsible for the emergence of the bases of psychoanalysis and the construction of the idea of a psychic apparatus. In order to circumscribe the idea proposed by Castel, we will dedicate ourselves primarily to a journey on the construction of obsessional neurosis based on Freudian propositions. We will follow the timeline seeking to shed light on the development of a form of organization specific to this neurosis and its dynamics of desire on the agenda. Finally, we will present Abraham's considerations from which we will develop the idea of a libidinal regression movement in question in these cases and not a logic of fixation to a specific stage of libidinal development.

La névrose obsessionnelle est l'une des deux psychonévroses de défense décrites par Freud et sur lesquelles reposait fondamentalement la construction et le développement de son modèle d'appareil psychique. Dans cet article, nous proposons de promouvoir une étude sur la névrose obsessionnelle, sa dynamique et ses mécanismes de défense. Pour cela, nous développerons une revue de la littérature sur le sujet en prenant comme point de départ la considération angulaire de Castel (2011), selon laquelle c'est la névrose obsessionnelle et non l'hystérie qui a été responsable de l'émergence des bases de la psychanalyse et de la construction de l'idée d'un appareil psychique. Afin de circonscrire l'idée proposée par Castel, nous nous consacrerons principalement à un voyage sur la construction de la névrose obsessionnelle à partir de propositions freudiennes. Nous suivrons la chronologie cherchant à éclairer le développement d'une forme d'organisation propre à cette névrose et sa dynamique du désir à l'ordre du jour. Enfin, nous présenterons les considérations d'Abraham à partir desquelles nous développerons l'idée d'un mouvement de régression libidinale en question dans ces cas et non une logique de fixation à un stade spécifique du développement libidinal.

A depressão em Freud: uma análise do conceito a partir da teoria freudiana / Depression in Freud: an analysis of the concept from the Freudian theory of libido / La depresión en Freud: un análisis del concepto a partir de la teoría freudiana de la libido

O artigo propõe uma análise do conceito de depressão à luz da teoria freudiana da libido. Para essa empreitada, realizamos primeiramente uma imersão nos textos freudianos a fim de rastrear o uso do conceito. Essa direção nos mostra uma associação precisa entre a depressão e a inibição enquanto resposta do sujeito frente à angústia. Posteriormente, o dispositivo libidinal surge como a ferramenta que permite operar um diagnóstico diferencial entre uma depressão que pode ser definida como neurótica, se apresentando sob a forma de inibição e uma depressão melancólica, que se apresenta a partir de um apagamento do sujeito em função de uma identificação com um objeto perdido. Por fim, é possível constatar que a psicanálise se mostra como uma alternativa para pensarmos os estados depressivos presentes na clínica na medida em que os considera a partir da noção de desejo. Nesse contexto, a depressão assume a perspectiva de uma resposta do sujeito, podendo ser pensada além das desordens neurobiológicas e dos tratamentos medicamentosos.

The article proposes an analysis of the concept of depression in the light of the Freudian theory of libido. For this endeavor, we first performed an immersion in the Freudian texts in order to trace the use of the concept. This direction shows us a precise association between depression and inhibition as the subject's response to distress. Subsequently, the libidinal device appears as the tool that allows to operate a differential diagnosis between a depression that can be defined as neurotic, presenting in the form of inhibition and a melancholic depression, which presents from a deletion of the subject as a function of an identification with a lost object. Finally, it is possible to observe that psychoanalysis presents itself as an alternative to think about the depressive states that present themselves in the clinic insofar as it considers them from the notion of desire. In this context, depression assumes the perspective of a response of the subject, and can be thought beyond neurobiological disorders and drug treatments.

El artículo propone un análisis del concepto de depresión a la luz de la teoría freudiana de la libido. Para esa tarea, realizamos primero una inmersión en los textos freudianos a fin de rastrear el uso del concepto. Esta dirección nos muestra una asociación precisa entre la depresión y la inhibición como respuesta del sujeto frente a la angustia. Posteriormente, el dispositivo libidinal surge como la herramienta que permite operar un diagnóstico diferencial entre una depresión que puede ser definida como neurótica, presentándose bajo la forma de inhibición, y una depresión melancólica, que se presenta a partir de un borrado del sujeto en función de una identificación con un objeto perdido. Por último, es posible constatar que el psicoanálisis se presenta como una alternativa para pensar los estados depresivos que se presentan en la clínica en la medida en que los considera a partir de la noción de deseo. En ese contexto, la depresión asume la perspectiva de una respuesta del sujeto, pudiendo ser pensada más allá de los desórdenes neurobiológicos y de los tratamientos medicamentosos.

Dominance, hierarchy, and reproduction in rams and goat bucks / Dominância, hierarquia e reprodução em carneiros e bodes

The reproductive results in sheep or goat flocks is consequence of multiple factors, including the interactions between males, and how these interactions modify the sexual behavior of other males. The present review summarizes information on the dominance relationships between rams or bucks, and how these relationships affect their reproductive outcomes. Dominance relationships affect the access of some males to estrous females, influencing the total distribution of sperm among the flock. The review provides information on how dominance relationships are established during the development period, and also after mixing previously unknown males. The period of relationships establishment is extremely stressful for rams and bucks, and destabilize the social relationships, affecting even sperm quality. Dominant and subordinate males display different strategies to impregnate females, but females also participate in mate choice decisions with proceptive behaviors, selecting subordinate males, favoring the maintenance of genetic diversity. Although a high proportion of ewes that lamb twins may be impregnated by different males, there is still scarce information on how these interactions affect the final distribution of paternities. Overall, although males’ interactions have important consequences on reproduction and genetic improvement, there is still the need for more knowledge on the practical consequences of social interactions.

De maneira geral, os resultados reprodutivos do rebanho são consequência de múltiplos fatores, incluindo o efeito das interações entre os machos sobre o comportamento sexual. A presente revisão resume informações sobre como as relações de dominância entre os machos afetam os resultados reprodutivos em rebanhos ovinos e caprinos. As relações de dominância modificam o acesso de machos a fêmeas no cio, e consequentemente a distribuição total de espermatozoides no rebanho. A presente revisão fornece informações sobre como as relações de dominância são estabelecidas durante o período de crescimento e após a reunião de machos previamente desconhecidos. O período em que essas relações se estabelecem é extremamente estressante para carneiros e bodes, porque além de desestabilizar as relações sociais, afeta a qualidade dos espermatozoides. Os machos dominantes e subordinados apresentam estratégias diferentes para emprenhar as fêmeas. As fêmeas também participam das decisões de escolha do parceiro com comportamentos proceptivos, selecionando machos subordinados e favorecendo a manutenção da diversidade genética. Embora uma grande proporção de ovelhas com gestação gemelar possam ter sido fecundadas por machos diferentes, ainda há poucas informações sobre como isso afeta a distribuição final das paternidades. Em conclusão, embora as interações dos machos tenham consequências importantes na reprodução e no melhoramento genético, ainda existe a necessidade da realização de mais pesquisas sobre as consequências práticas das interações sociais em pequenos ruminantes.

Black Mirror: considerações psicanalíticas sobre o uso destrutivo da tecnologia / Black Mirror: psychoanalytic considerations on the destructive use of technology

A série inglesa Black Mirror desnuda o humano a partir da sua complexa relação com a tecnologia de uma forma que impacta e provoca o telespectador. Algo inquietante sobre nós é revelado através do espelho da série, que convida a refletir sobre um uso destrutivo das novas ferramentas e suas possíveis consequências. O autor aceita o convite e examina a partir das principais temáticas da série, o que em nosso funcionamento psíquico pode levar a um uso mortífero da tecnologia. Na busca desse objetivo, este trabalho propõe um diálogo entre as narrativas de Black Mirror e conceitos psicanalíticos de Freud, Meltzer, Bion e Green.(AU)

The English series Black Mirror exposes the human from its complex relationship with technology in a way that impacts and stirs the viewer. Something uncanny about us is revealed through series mirror, which invites us to reflect on the destructive use of new tools and their possible consequences.The author accepts the invitation and examines it from the main themes of the series, which in our psychic functioning can lead to a deadly use of technology. In the pursuit of this objective, this work proposes a dialogue between Black Mirror narratives and psychoanalytic concepts of Freud, Meltzer, Bion and Green.(AU)

La serie inglesa Black Mirror despoja al ser humano en su compleja relación con la tecnología de una manera que impacta y provoca al espectador. Algo inquietante acerca de nosotros se revela a través del espejo de la serie, que nos invita a reflexionar sobre el uso destructivo de nuevas herramientas y sus posibles consecuencias. El autor acepta la invitación y la examina a partir de los principales temas de la serie, que en nuestro funcionamiento psíquico pueden derivar en un uso letal de la tecnología. En la búsqueda de este objetivo, este trabajo propone un diálogo entre las narrativas de Black Mirror y los conceptos psicoanalíticos de Freud, Meltzer, Bion y Green.(AU)

Administration of a single dose of a PGF2α analogue (dinoprost) before sexual tests did not improve ram's sexual behaviour.

The aim of this study was to determine if a single administration of dinoprost tromethamine before each test enhances sexual behaviour in inexperienced rams, and if the possible effect is maintained after the rams gain sexual experience. The study was conducted in northeaster Mexico during autumn (breeding season). The study was performed with 26 Saint Croix rams (16.1 ± 1.1 months old). Rams were allocated to two treatments, which were subjected to 15 tests with 2 restrained non-oestrous ewes. While rams from one group (group DIN) received a single dose of dinoprost (10 mg im, Lutalyse, Zoetis) immediately before the test, the other rams remained untreated (group CON). Sexual behaviours were recorded during 5 min. The data were analysed with a mixed model that included the treatment, number of test and their interaction as main effects, and the individual as a random effect. DIN rams displayed less ano-genital sniffings (6.6 ± 0.8 vs 9.7 ± 0.8, P = 0.007), matings (0.11 ± 0.05 vs 0.29 ± 0.05, P = 0.03), and had a lower mating/total mounts ratio (0.05 ± 0.03 vs 0.16 ± 0.03, P = 0.006) than CON rams. There were no other treatment effects, but there were significant effects of time and interactions between treatment and time in all the behaviours. Overall, administration of a single dose of dinoprost before testing did not have positive effects in the development of rams' sexual behaviour, and even, might have negative effects. However, it should be considered that in this study only one prostaglandin analogue, one dose of this analogue, administered immediately before the tests was used, so more studies involving other analogues, doses, and/or regimes of administration should be done.

Potencial reprodutivo (PR) de touros Nelore avaliados por parâmetros andrológicos e comportamento sexual. Classificação por pontos: nova proposição / [Reproductive potential of Nelore bulls evaluated by andrological parameters and sexual behavior. Classification by points - a new proposition]

Este estudo teve por objetivo comparar variações de parâmetros andrológicos e comportamentais de touros Nelore de diferentes faixas etárias, calcular seu potencial reprodutivo (PR) e propor uma nova tabela de classificação por pontos, de acordo com as médias atualmente alcançadas por eles nas características estudadas. Foram utilizados dados de 6162 exames andrológicos de touros da raça Nelore, entre 12 e 80 meses de idade, em regime de monta natural. O número de touros classificados como aptos consistiu em 88,9% dos animais avaliados (n=5480), sendo 51,6% desses considerados excelentes (n=2827), 41,2% muito bons (n=2257) e 7,2% considerados bons (n=394). Entre os animais questionáveis (n=682; 11,1%), 79,6% foram classificados como inaptos temporários (n=542) e 20,4% (n=139) como animais descarte, de acordo com o exame andrológico, independentemente do teste da libido. O número de touros classificados como excelentes se reduziu para 752 (12,2%) quando dados de comportamento sexual foram incluídos para definição do seu PR. Concluiu-se que o uso de tabelas de classificação andrológica por pontos com atualizações técnicas beneficia a seleção mais apurada de touros Nelore. O teste da libido é ferramenta importante para a determinação do PR, o qual permite melhor aproveitamento dos reprodutores.(AU)

This study aimed to compare variations of andrological and behavioral parameters from Nelore bulls of different ages, to calculate their reproductive potential (RP) and propose a new classification table by points, considering current averages in each reproductive trait studied. Data were collected from 6162 breeding soundness examinations of Nelore bulls aged between 12 and 80 months, under natural mating. According to andrological parameters, regardless of the libido test, the number of bulls classified as approved was 88.9% (n= 5480), being 51.6% considered as excellent (n= 2827), 41.2% very good (n= 2257) and 7.2% considered as good (n= 394). Among the animals considered as questionable (n= 682; 11.1%), 79.6% were classified as temporarily reproved (n= 542) and 20.4% (n= 139) as discarded animals. The number of bulls classified as excellent decreased to 752 (12.2%) when sexual behavior data were included to define their RP. It was concluded that the use of tables for andrological classification by points with technical updates improves the reproductive selection of Nelore bulls. The libido test is an important tool for RP determination which provides better utilization of the sires.(AU)

Potencial reprodutivo (PR) de touros Nelore avaliados por parâmetros andrológicos e comportamento sexual. Classificação por pontos: nova proposição / [Reproductive potential of Nelore bulls evaluated by andrological parameters and sexual behavior. Classification by points - a new proposition]

Este estudo teve por objetivo comparar variações de parâmetros andrológicos e comportamentais de touros Nelore de diferentes faixas etárias, calcular seu potencial reprodutivo (PR) e propor uma nova tabela de classificação por pontos, de acordo com as médias atualmente alcançadas por eles nas características estudadas. Foram utilizados dados de 6162 exames andrológicos de touros da raça Nelore, entre 12 e 80 meses de idade, em regime de monta natural. O número de touros classificados como aptos consistiu em 88,9% dos animais avaliados (n=5480), sendo 51,6% desses considerados excelentes (n=2827), 41,2% muito bons (n=2257) e 7,2% considerados bons (n=394). Entre os animais questionáveis (n=682; 11,1%), 79,6% foram classificados como inaptos temporários (n=542) e 20,4% (n=139) como animais descarte, de acordo com o exame andrológico, independentemente do teste da libido. O número de touros classificados como excelentes se reduziu para 752 (12,2%) quando dados de comportamento sexual foram incluídos para definição do seu PR. Concluiu-se que o uso de tabelas de classificação andrológica por pontos com atualizações técnicas beneficia a seleção mais apurada de touros Nelore. O teste da libido é ferramenta importante para a determinação do PR, o qual permite melhor aproveitamento dos reprodutores.(AU)

This study aimed to compare variations of andrological and behavioral parameters from Nelore bulls of different ages, to calculate their reproductive potential (RP) and propose a new classification table by points, considering current averages in each reproductive trait studied. Data were collected from 6162 breeding soundness examinations of Nelore bulls aged between 12 and 80 months, under natural mating. According to andrological parameters, regardless of the libido test, the number of bulls classified as approved was 88.9% (n= 5480), being 51.6% considered as excellent (n= 2827), 41.2% very good (n= 2257) and 7.2% considered as good (n= 394). Among the animals considered as questionable (n= 682; 11.1%), 79.6% were classified as temporarily reproved (n= 542) and 20.4% (n= 139) as discarded animals. The number of bulls classified as excellent decreased to 752 (12.2%) when sexual behavior data were included to define their RP. It was concluded that the use of tables for andrological classification by points with technical updates improves the reproductive selection of Nelore bulls. The libido test is an important tool for RP determination which provides better utilization of the sires.(AU)