RESUMEN
Resumen Objetivo: Identificar estrategias orientadas a favorecer el acceso a medicamentos de interés en salud pública, de alto costo o protegidos por patentes, posiblemente aplicables al contexto colombiano. Metodología: revisión estructurada en PubMed/Medline, utilizando los términos MeSH: "health services accessibility", "pharmaceutical preparations", "policy", con filtros para artículos publicados en inglés y español, entre 2012 y 2017. Se incluyeron aquellos con información sobre estrategias o políticas que favorecieran el acceso a medicamentos de interés en salud pública de alto costo o protegidos por patentes. Las estrategias identificadas fueron agrupadas acorde con las cinco dimensiones del acceso a la atención en salud y medicamentos definidas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud: disponibilidad, asequibilidad, accesibilidad, aceptabilidad y calidad. Resultados: Se identificaron 62 artículos, de los cuales se incluyeron 18 y se consideraron 5 referencias adicionales. Se reconocieron 30 estrategias, distribuidas y clasificadas según las dimensiones del acceso: disponibilidad y asequibilidad, 15; accesibilidad, 6; aceptabilidad, 6; calidad, 2; estrategia transversal, 1. Conclusiones: Se identificaron estrategias claves para favorecer el acceso a medicamentos de interés en salud pública de alto costo o protegidos por patentes, dentro de las que se encuentran las negociaciones centralizadas de precios; el apoyo financiero público para la investigación, desarrollo y producción nacional de medicamentos genéricos; la aplicación de las flexibilidades del acuerdo sobre los "Aspectos de los derechos de propiedad intelectual relacionados con el comercio" y la implementación de programas de asistencia.
Abstract Objective: To identify strategies aimed to improve access to medicines of interest in public health with high cost or protected with patents, possibly applicable to the Colombian contextTo identify strategies aimed at promoting access to high-cost or patent-protected medicines of interest in public health, possibly applicable to the Colombian context.. Methodology: structured review in PubMed/Medline, using the MeSH terms: "health services accessibility", "pharmaceutical preparations", "policy", with filters for articles published in English and Spanish, between 2012 and 2017. Studies with information on strategies or policies that favored access to high-cost or patent-protected drugs of interest in public health were included. The strategies identified were grouped according to the five dimensions of access to health care and medicines defined by the World Health Organization: availability, affordability, accessibility, acceptability and quality. Results: 62 articles were identified, of which 18 were included, and 5 additional references were considered. 30 strategies were recognised, distributed and classified according to the dimensions of access: availability and affordability, 15; accessibility, 6; acceptability, 6; quality, 2; cross-cutting strategy, 1. Conclusions: Key strategies were identified to favor access to high-cost or patent-protected medicines of interest in public health, including centralized price negotiations; public financial support for national research, development and production of generic medicines; the application of the flexibilities of the agreement on "Aspects of intellectual property rights related to trade" and the implementation of care programs.
Resumo Objetivo: Identificar estratégias destinadas a favorecer o acesso a medicamentos de interesse em saúde pública, de alto custo ou protegidos por patentes, possivelmente aplicáveis ao contexto colombiano. Metodologia: Revisão estruturada no PubMed/Medline, usando os termos MeSH: "health services accessibility", "pharmaceutical preparations", "policy", com filtros para artigos publicados em inglês e espanhol, entre 2012 e 2017. Foram incluídos aqueles com informações sobre estratégias ou políticas que favoreciam o acesso a medicamentos de interesse em saúde pública de alto custo ou protegidos por patentes. As estratégias identificadas foram agrupadas de acordo com as cinco dimensões de acesso aos cuidados de saúde e medicamentos definidas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde: disponibilidade, alcançabilidade, acessibilidade, aceitabilidade e qualidade. Resultados: Foram identificados 62 artigos, dos quais 18 foram incluídos e 5 referências adicionais foram consideradas. 30 estratégias foram identificadas, distribuídas e classificadas de acordo com as dimensões do acesso: disponibilidade e alcançabilidade, 15; acessibilidade, 6; aceitabilidade, 6; qualidade 2; estratégia transversal, 1. Conclusões: Foram identificadas estratégias-chave para favorecer o acesso a medicamentos de interesse em saúde pública de alto custo ou protegidos por patentes, dentro das quais estão as negociações centralizadas de preços; o apoio financeiro público à pesquisa, desenvolvimento e produção nacional de medicamentos genéricos; a aplicação das flexibilidades do acordo sobre "Aspectos dos direitos de propriedade intelectual relacionados ao comércio" e a implementação de programas de assistência.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Pharmaceutical pricing has only recently gained space in mainstream health science literature. OBJECTIVES: Bibliometric and content description of health science academic literature and ad hoc analysis of grey literature on factors influencing pharmaceutical pricing on databases commonly accessed by healthcare professionals. METHODS: Scoping study with no time limits performed in Medline, Scopus and Scielo, and relevant sites and databases for grey literature, using search terms with database-appropriate keywords. RESULTS: Two hundred four articles were published in 103 peer-reviewed journals between 1981 and 2016 (last search year). In grey literature 78 documents were retrieved in the final selection. Five key thematic clusters for analysing pharmaceutical pricing emerged: market dynamics, segmented into (i) supply-related, (ii) consumer-related and (iii) product-related; (iv) trading strategies, either buyer's or seller's and (v) regulatory approach. In peer-reviewed literature there is an overall dominance of themes referring to trading strategies and regulatory approaches and a wide thematic cluster scope. Over half of this literature was produced after the year 2010. International agency technical papers make up the most significant contributions of grey literature, with a clear focus on regulatory approaches to pricing and wider consideration of emerging countries. Research lags in the literature on factors affecting pharmaceutical pricing include impacts of financing schemes, market liberalization, internet trading and biosimilars on prices, with insufficient discussion identified for the effects of discounts/rebates, profits and price transparency. CONCLUSIONS: Interest in pharmaceutical pricing literature is increasing. Robust evidence-producing study designs for pricing interventions will be a welcome development.