#automutilação: a expressão simbólica da autolesão não suicida / #automutilação: a expressão simbólica da autolesão não suicida / #automutilación: la expresión simbólica de la autolesión no suicida

A autolesão não suicida (ALNS) é um fenômeno de relevância crescente com altas taxas de prevalência em adolescentes e jovens adultos. Como método, foi realizada etnografia virtual em comunidade de autolesão no Facebook de modo a ampliar a compreensão dos aspectos simbólicos relacionados à prática. Em fevereiro de 2021, 133 publicações foram coletadas e divididas em três categorias de análise: autolesão, sofrimento e religião. A autolesão é compreendida como similar ao comportamento compulsivo por meio do qual praticantes buscam uma experiência de transcendência ainda que às custas de dor. Assemelha-se a uma dependência comportamental. O sofrimento descrito aponta processos depressivos e se caracteriza por solidão, dificuldade de expressão de sentimentos e necessidade de manutenção de uma persona funcional no cotidiano. Assim, a comunidade emerge como meio de expressão dos aspectos relegados à sombra no mundo offline.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a phenomenon of increasing relevance, with high prevalence rates in adolescents and young adults. NSSI is one of the main risk factors for future. The method of virtual ethnography was carried out in a self-injury community on Facebook in order to broaden the understanding of the symbolic aspects related to the practice. In February 2021, 133 publications were collected and divided into three categories of analysis: self-injury, suffering and religion. Self-injury was understood as a compulsive behavior through which practitioners seek an experience of transcendence at the expense of pain. It resembles an addict behavior. The suffering described refers to depressive processes and is characterized by loneliness, difficulty in expressing feelings and the need to maintain a functional persona in everyday life. Therefore, the group emerges as a means of expressing aspects relegated to the shadows in the offline world.

La autolesión no suicida (ALNS) es un fenómeno de creciente relevancia con altas tasas de prevalencia en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Como método, se realizó una etnografía virtual en una comunidad de autolesiones en Facebook con el fin de ampliar la comprensión de los aspectos simbólicos relacionados con la práctica. En febrero de 2021 se recopilaron 133 publicaciones y se dividieron em tres categorías de análisis: autolesiones, sufrimiento y religión. Se entiende que la autolesión es similar al comportamiento compulsivo por el cual los practicantes buscan una experiencia de trascendencia incluso a expensas del dolor. Se asemeja a una adicción conductual. El sufrimiento descrito apunta a procesos depresivos y se caracteriza por la soledad, la dificultad para expresar los sentimientos y la necesidad de mantener una personalidad funcional en la vida cotidiana. Así, la comunidad surge como medio de expresión de aspectos relegados a la sombra en el mundo offline.

Neuroimaging Studies of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Youth: A Systematic Review.

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent and affects mainly the youth population. It is prospectively associated with suicide attempts, making it a target for suicide prevention. Recently, several studies have investigated neural pathways of NSSI using neuroimaging. However, there is a lack of systematized appraisal of these findings. This systematic review aims to identify and summarize the main neuroimaging findings of NSSI in youth. We followed PRISMA statement guidelines and searched MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, and Google Scholar databases for neuroimaging studies, irrespective of imaging modality, specifically investigating NSSI in samples with a mean age of up to 25 years old. Quality assessment was made using the Newcastle-Ottawa and Joanna Briggs Institute scales. The initial search retrieved 3030 articles; 21 met inclusion criteria, with a total of 938 subjects. Eighteen studies employed functional neuroimaging techniques such as resting-state and task-based fMRI (emotional, interpersonal exposure/social exclusion, pain, reward, and cognitive processing paradigms). Three studies reported on structural MRI. An association of NSSI behavior and altered emotional processing in cortico-limbic neurocircuitry was commonly reported. Additionally, alterations in potential circuits involving pain, reward, interpersonal, self-processing, and executive function control processes were identified. NSSI has complex and diverse neural underpinnings. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand its developmental aspects better.

Prevalence and correlates of non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt among children and adolescents: Findings from Uganda and Jamaica.

BACKGROUND: Youth non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide are major public health concerns, but limited data are available on the prevalence and correlates of these problems in developing countries. The aim of this study is to describe experiences of three suicidal phenomena (NSSI, suicidal ideation [SI], and suicide attempt [SA]) among children and adolescents from two developing countries. We also examine how depression, anxiety, sleep problems, child maltreatment, and other socio-demographic variables associate with the risk of NSSI only, SI only, SA only, and co-occurring NSSI/SI/SA. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of school-based Ugandan and Jamaican children and adolescents. Participants were 11,518 (52.4% female) Ugandan and 7,182 (60.8% female) Jamaican youths aged 9-17 years. RESULTS: The estimated lifetime prevalence of NSSI, SI, and SA was 25.5%, 25.6%, and 12.8% respectively among Ugandan boys and 23.2%, 32.5%, and 15.3% respectively among Ugandan girls. As for the Jamaican sample, the estimated lifetime prevalence of NSSI, SI, and SA was 21%, 27.7%, and 11.9% respectively among boys and 32.6%, 48.6%, and 24.7% respectively among girls. The odds of experiencing SI only, SA only, and co-occurring NSSI/SI/SA were significantly elevated among participants with mild, moderate, and severe depression in both countries. LIMITATIONS: The current study relied on retrospective data. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that suicidal phenomena are common among youths from Uganda and Jamaica, with rates substantially higher than among youths from high-income countries. The risk of suicidal phenomena was especially high among youths with severe depression.

Non-suicidal self-injury in Mexican young adults: Prevalence, associations with suicidal behavior and psychiatric disorders, and DSM-5 proposed diagnostic criteria.

BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) may lead to scarring, infection, accidental death and psychological distress. Little is known about NSSI in the general population of young adults in developing countries like Mexico. The current study examined the prevalence of any NSSI and each type of NSSI, the prevalence of meeting DSM-5 proposed criteria, and finally the association of NSSI with socio-demographic variables, suicidal behavior and psychiatric disorders. METHODS: This study was conducted in a community sample of 1071 young adults between 19 and 26 years of age residents of Mexico City. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of NSSI was 18.56% with females having 87% greater odds. The 12-month prevalence was 3.19%. Only 0.22% of the total sample and 6.96% of those that self-injured in the past 12 months met full criteria proposed by DSM-5, in part due to the lack of reported impairment; 39.99% of those that self-injured reported impairment. Suicidal behavior commonly co-occurred with NSSI. All lifetime anxiety, mood, disruptive behavior and substance use disorders were associated with greater risk for lifetime NSSI whereas only 12-month depression and substance use disorder was associated with greater risk of 12-month NSSI. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional nature of the study precludes conclusions of causality and directionality and the study excluded institutionalized and homeless young adults. CONCLUSIONS: NSSI is a concerning problem in young adults from Mexico City due to the important associations with all types of psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior. Because many who self-injure do not perceive impairment, they are unlikely to seek treatment.

Conductas autolesivas no suicidas en la práctica clínica: Primera parte: conceptualización y diagnóstico / Non suicidal self injuries in clinical practice

Self-injurious acts are understood as transnosologic behaviors, which by their vital risk and psychopathological complexity require a specific medical diagnosis and treatment. Their management should be known by psychiatrists and other medical specialties. There are varied reasons that can trigger these maladaptive behaviors which are coming from the specific difficulties arising from the patient's mental state. It is essential to identify the presence of triggering or concomitant psychiatric disorders for the appropriate guiding of clinical management...

Las conductas autoagresivas pueden comprenderse como comportamientos transnosológicos que, por su riesgo vital y complejidad psicopatológica, requieren de un diagnóstico y manejo médico específicos. Este manejo debe ser conocido tanto por el médico psiquiatra como por facultativos de otras especialidades. Existen variadas motivaciones que pueden desencadenar conductas autolesivas, las que tienen su origen en dificultades específicas relacionadas con el estado mental del paciente. Resulta imperativo identificar la presencia de patologías psiquiátricas desencadenantes, o concomitantes, para orientar el apropiado manejo clínico...