RESUMEN
The Drosophila genus is one of the main model organisms in evolutionary studies, including those investigating the role of transposable elements (TE) in genomic evolution both at the nucleotide and chromosome levels. D. incompta is a species with restricted ecology, using Cestrum (Solanaceae) flowers as unique sources for oviposition, feeding and development. In the present study, we deeply characterise the D. incompta mobilome and generate a curated dataset. A total of 277 elements were identified, corresponding to approximately 14% of the genome, and 164 of these elements are new, of which 32.62% are putatively autonomous and 8.9% are transcriptionally active in adult flies. The restricted ecology does not seem to influence the dynamics of TE in this fly, since the proportion and diversity of TEs in its genome are similar to that of other Drosophila species. This result is reinforced by the absence of a clear pattern when comparing the TE landscape between generalist and specialist flies. Using 32 available Drosophila genomes-24 ecologically generalist species and 8 specialist species-no difference was found between their TE landscape patterns. However, differences were found between species of the Sophophora and Drosophila subgenus, indicating there are lineage-specific factors shaping TE landscapes.
Asunto(s)
Elementos Transponibles de ADN/genética , Drosophila/genética , Genoma de los Insectos/genética , Animales , Cruzamiento , Conjuntos de Datos como Asunto , Ecología , Conducta Alimentaria , Flores , Solanaceae , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Abstract: In this study we described the diet of Hylaeamys megacephalus (G. Fisher, 1814) and investigated the degree of individual variation in the diet of this species among the Amazon Forest and the oil palm plantation. We analyzed the stomach contents of 36 individuals, of whom 11 were collected in the forest and 25 captured in the palm oil palm plantation. The H. megacephalus diet consisted of 18 food items, of which 12 were animal composition and eight were vegetable composition. The niche amplitude of the species was narrower in the forest area (Baforest = 0.013) compared to the palm tree plantation area (Bapalm = 0.478). This shows that individuals have greater niche overlap in forest areas, while in the plantation areas the animals expand their food niche. In addition, the values of the mean of the individual diet in relation to the diet of the entire population were lower in the palm oil palm plantation environment (ISpalm = 0.164) than in the Forest environment (ISforest = 0.357), indicating a high specialization in the palm oil plantation. These results indicate a population mechanism to reduce intraspecific competition in response to scarce resources.
Resumo: Neste estudo nós descrevemos a dieta de Hylaeamys megacephalus (G. Fisher, 1814) e investigamos o grau de variação individual na dieta desta espécie entre os hábitats de Floresta Amazônica e Plantação de Palmeira de Dendê. Analisamos o conteúdo estomacal de 36 indivíduos, dos quais 11 foram coletados na floresta e 25 capturados na plantação de palmeira de dendê. A dieta de H. megacephalus consistiu em 18 itens alimentares, dos quais 12 de composição animal e oito de composição vegetal. A amplitude de nicho da espécie foi mais estreita na área de floresta (Baforest = 0,013) comparada com a área de plantação de palmeira de dendê (Bapalm = 0,478). Isto sugere que os indivíduos têm maior sobreposição de nicho nas áreas de floresta, enquanto que nas áreas de plantação os animais expandem seu nicho alimentar. Além disto, os valores da média de similaridade da dieta individual em relação à dieta de toda a população foi menor no ambiente de plantação de palmeira de dendê (ISpalm = 0,164) do que no ambiente de Floresta (ISforest = 0,357), indicando uma alta especialização individual na plantação de dendê. Estes resultados indicam um mecanismo populacional para reduzir a competição intraespecífica em resposta à escassez de recursos.