Evidence of validity of a Jealousy Scale in Peruvian youth and adults: An item response theory approach / Evidencia de validez de una Escala de Celos en jóvenes y adultos peruanos: un enfoque de teoría de respuesta al ítem

Abstract Introduction/Objective: In romantic relationships, jealousy can influence how individuals feel emotionally and interact with their partners. This study analysed the metric properties of the Brief Jealousy Scale (BJS) in young adults from Peru using current methods. Method: A total of 297 individuals were selected to participate in the study. They averaged 26.52 years of age (with a variation of 7.75 years), and 74.10% were women. The study used a technique called Item Response Theory (IRT) with a two-parameter model to confirm the structure and reliability of the BJS. Result: The BJS demonstrated high reliability and fit through goodness-of-fit indices. DIF analysis indicated slight gender biases in some items, reflecting differences in the perception of jealousy between men and women. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance and usefulness of the Jealousy Scale in relationships, as it helps to understand relationship dynamics and guides interventions. Future studies should address issues such as participant selection and study design and examine whether the scale can be used in different cultures.

Resumen Introducción/Objetivo: En las relaciones de pareja, los celos pueden influir en cómo se sienten emocionalmente y en cómo interactúan las personas con su pareja. Este estudio analizó las propiedades métricas de la Escala Breve de Celos en jóvenes y adultos de Perú utilizando métodos actuales. Método: Se seleccionaron 297 personas para participar en el estudio. Tenían en promedio 26.52 años (con una variación de 7.75 años) y el 74.10 % eran mujeres. El estudio utilizó una técnica llamada teoría de respuesta al ítem (IRT) con un modelo de dos parámetros para confirmar la estructura y fiabilidad del BJS. Resultados: El BJS demostró una gran confiabilidad y ajuste a través de índices de bondad de ajuste. El análisis DIF indicó ligeros sesgos de género en algunos ítems, lo que refleja diferencias en la percepción de los celos entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusiones: El estudio resalta la importancia y utilidad de la Escala de Celos en las relaciones, ya que ayuda a entender cómo funcionan y a saber cómo intervenir. En el futuro, los estudios deben ocuparse de problemas como la selección de participantes y el tipo de estudio realizado, y examinar si la escala se puede usar en diferentes culturas.

A new neuropsychological tool for simultaneous reading and executive functions assessment: initial psychometric properties.

Introduction: The development of reading and complex executive functions is fundamental for achieving social, academic, and professional success. So far, there is no single neuropsychological instrument that comprehensively assesses the domains of inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and reading comprehension. To assess executive functions related to reading, the "Assessment of Reading and Executive Functions" (AREF) was developed. In this study, we show initial evidence of validity and reliability for four subtests - Graphophonological-Semantic Flexibility, Inhibitory Control, Flexibility, and Working Memory. Methods: A total of 93 students from 4th to 9th grade, aged 8-14, in public (n = 61) and private (n = 32) schools were evaluated. Tasks from the AREF instrument, as well as measures of reading comprehension, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and intelligence, were administered. Correlations between AREF scores and the other measures were performed to assess external construct validity. Performance differences between school groups on AREF subtests were analyzed using ANOVA, t-test, and Mann-Whitney tests, and the internal consistency of the instrument's tasks was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: The scores of the AREF subtests demonstrated significant positive correlations with reading measures (ranging from 0.339 to 0.367) and executive functions (ranging from 0.209 to 0.396). Significant differences were found in the performance of some AREF tasks when comparing individuals from public and private schools, as well as between 4th and 5th graders compared to students in higher grades. The internal consistency of the tasks was low for Graphophonological-Semantic Flexibility (Cronbach's α = 0.566), moderate for Inhibitory Control and Flexibility (Cronbach's α = 0.768), and high for Working Memory (Cronbach's α = 0.881). Discussion: The results provide initial evidence of construct validity and reliability for the AREF subtests. It is expected that this new neuropsychological test will contribute to the assessment of reading skills and executive functions, assisting in guiding clinical and educational interventions for individuals with and without neurodevelopmental disorders.

The scale of myths of romantic love: Evidence of validity and reliability of a brief scale in Peru.

The study aimed to provide validity evidence and reliability of the Scale of Myths of Romantic Love (SMRL) in Peru among young and adult individuals. Focusing on how romantic love myths affect relationship satisfaction and their ties to interpersonal violence, sexism, and gender inequality, the methodology involved 308 participants, mainly females (75%), using the SMRL and Relationship Assessment Scale. Bayesian Confirmatory Factor Analysis (BCFA) assessed the scale's structure and reliability, complemented by descriptive statistics and correlation analyses to examine the myths' impact on intimate relationships. Results showed the SMRL's two-dimensional structure, confirming its robust psychometric properties and satisfactory internal consistency. Descriptive findings revealed a skeptical view of traditional romantic myths among participants, indicating the scale's good reliability and successful adaptation to the Peruvian context. This validation highlights how debunking romantic love myths can improve relationship dynamics and satisfaction and addresses their wider societal effects.

Development and psychometric properties of a self-medication behavior inventory.

Introduction: Self-medication is a prevalent behavior with significant health implications. Understanding its psychosocial determinants can inform preventative strategies and interventions. Methods: We evaluated the psychometric properties of the Self-Medication Behavior Inventory (SMBI-9) in a binational study with 779 Colombian and Mexican participants. Concurrent validity was assessed through correlations with related inventories, and confirmatory factor analysis tested the proposed four-factor model. Results: The SMBI-9 demonstrated high model fit (CFI = 0.995, TLI = 0.991) and invariance across countries. The factors-Social Influence, Attitude toward Medicine, Avoidance, and Prevention-varied significantly with knowledge of medicine, schooling, health insurance status and gender, underscoring the role of social and personal beliefs in self-medication practices. Discussion: SMBI-9 emerged as a reliable tool for capturing the multifaceted nature of self-medication behaviors. Findings highlight the influence of social norms and personal attitudes, suggesting targeted approaches for behavioral interventions.

Translation and validation into Spanish of the oral health self-efficacy scale in Chilean older adults.

BACKGROUND: Population ageing poses a challenge to improving the well-being of older adults, particularly in terms of oral health. Promoting self-efficacy in oral health behaviours is crucial for maintaining this population's health and quality of life. The Oral Health Self-Efficacy Scale (OHSES) has been widely used to assess dental self-efficacy and is considered comprehensive and reliable. However, there is a need to validate OHSES for Spanish-speaking older adults. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the translated questionnaire for use in the older Chilean population. METHODS: A sample of 188 older adults, aged 60 years and above residing independently in the community, were recruited by accessing databases from the National Senior Citizen Service and various community organisations within the region of La Araucanía. The participants underwent comprehensive oral examinations and oral health interviews, focusing on variables such as OHSES, Oral health-related quality of life (OHIP-14Sp), assessment of remaining teeth, knowledge and attitudes toward oral health, and sociodemographic characteristics. The validity of the translated questionnaire was assessed through translation and cross-cultural adaptation, cognitive debriefing, and face and content validation. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were evaluated through measures of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), content validity (Content validity index), construct validity (factor analysis and Pearson correlation analysis), and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation). RESULTS: The Spanish version of OHSES demonstrated adequate face and content validity. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a two-factor scale with 7 items for a better fit. The scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.821) and acceptable test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.411). Correlations were found between the OHSES score, the number of remaining teeth, knowledge and attitudes towards oral health, and the OHIP-14Sp (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the validity of the Spanish version of the Oral Health Self-Efficacy Scale for older adults in Chile. The scale is expected to be helpful in assessing self-efficacy in dental interventions and collecting data for international comparisons. This research opens new dimensions in patient-reported assessment of oral health.

Propiedades psicométricas del CESQT, versión Desencanto Profesional (CESQT-DP) en una muestra multiocupacional colombiana / Psychometric properties of the SBI, Professional Disenchantment version (SBI-DP), in a multi-occupational Colombian sample

Resumen Introducción/Objetivos: existen múltiples instrumentos para evaluar el Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (burnout) en profesiones relacionadas con el servicio a otras personas. Sin embargo, hay limitaciones metodológicas para estudiar este fenómeno en poblaciones de trabajadores generales. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo ofrecer evidencia de la validez y fiabilidad del "Cuestionario para la Evaluación de Quemarse por el Trabajo", en su versión Desencanto Profesional (CESQT-DP), la cual puede ser aplicada a trabajadores de cualquier ocupación, empleando para ello una muestra colombiana. Método: se efectuó un estudio psicométrico con una muestra multiocupacional de 2991 trabajadores. Se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios, análisis de invarianza por sexo, validez convergente y discriminante y de consistencia interna. Resultados: los resultados muestran la estructura factorial, replicando las cuatro dimensiones hipotetizadas; se evidencia invarianza del instrumento según el sexo, y muestras de la validez convergente, discriminante y fiabilidad. Discusión: el CESQT-DP cuenta con altas calidades psicométricas y puede emplearse para evaluar el burnout en empleados en cualquier ocupación en Colombia.

Abstract Introduction/objectives: Multiple instruments to assess burnout syndrome in employees working in service occupations exist. These instruments have methodological limitations for understanding the phenomenon of burnout in employees who are in professions not related to service to others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish Burnout Inventory-Professional Disenchantment version (SBI-PD), in a Colombian sample, which can then be used in employees working in any sector of the economy. Methods: A psychometric validation study with 2,991 multi-occupational employees was developed. Analyses included CAF, sex invariance, convergent and discriminant validity, and internal consistency analyses. Results: The results provide evidence of the factorial structure of the instrument, sex invariance, convergent and discriminant validity, and reliability. Discussion: The SBI-PD version has excellent psychometric properties and can be used in Colombia with employees working in any occupation.

Psychometric Validation of the Adult Prosocialness Behavior Scale in a Professional Teaching Context.

For the teaching profession, prosociality is a relevant skill. From this perspective, the present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Adult Prosocialness Behavior Scale (APBS) in a professional setting of primary school Chilean teachers (n = 1404; mean age = 41.4; SD = 10.8; 77.4% women). ESEM and CFA were applied to evaluate its factor structure, internal consistency, factorial reliability, and invariance. The results supported a bifactor ESEM model in which prosociality was represented by a general latent factor and four specific factors (helping, sharing, caring, and empathy). A predominance of the unidimensional component of the APBS was observed (general factor, ECV = 0.938; ωh = 0.945), with adequate reliability (α = 0.932; ω of the factor general = 0.968) and invariance of the measurement in terms of gender. Its adequacy was confirmed by a good level of fit (RMSEA = 0.042 90%CI [0.036-0.049]; SRMR = 0.012; CFI = 0.995; TLI = 0.988). It is concluded that the APBS is a suitable instrument to measure prosociality in the professional setting studied. Its general and specific dimensions are relevant to the prosocial behaviors currently required of teachers. Future studies could contribute evidence of the transcultural validation of the APBS in other educational contexts in order to undertake comparative studies.

Adaptación cultural y validación del Job Contents Questionnaire (JCQ) para trabajadores argentinos

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en realizar la adaptación cultural y el estudio psicométrico de la versión española del Job Contents Questionnaire en trabajadores de Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y de Gran Buenos Aires. La muestra se conformó de 331 (70% es de género femenino y 30% es de género masculino, media de edad de 33,15, DS=11,84). Primero se realizó una adaptación cultural mediante la evaluación de jueces expertos y una prueba piloto. La versión adaptada se conformó de 29 ítems. Para evaluar el comportamiento de los ítems se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio bajo la modalidad de correlaciones policóricas aplicando el método de mínimos cuadrados no ponderados (ULS) con un método de rotación Varimax. El instrumento quedó constituido por 21 ítems que se adecúan al modelo propuesto por Karasek. Los ítems que componen el factor Demandas (5), Control (6) y Apoyo Social (10). Los resultados evidencian criterios de validez aparente, de contenido y de constructo, con excelentes índices de fiabilidad (alfas ordinales mayores a .86). Además, se evidenció validez externa tomando como medida de criterio la escala de Ansiedad Estado del STAI. El instrumento presentó propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias para su aplicación en el contexto local.

This article aims to present the cultural adaptation and the psychometric study of the Spanish version of the Job Contents Questionnaire (JCQ, originally built by Karasek) for workers from the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires and Gran Buenos Aires. The sample consisted on 331 workers (70% are female and 30% are male, mean age of 33.15, SD=11,84). In the first instance, a cultural adaptation was carried out based on the evaluation of expert judges and a pilot test. The adapted version was made up of 29 items. To evaluate the behavior of the items, an exploratory factor analysis was performed under the polychoric correlation modality, applying the unweighted least squares (ULS) method with a Varimax rotation method. The instrument was made up of 21 items that fit the model proposed by Karasek. In summary, the items that make up the factor Demands (5), Control (6) and Social Support (10). The results show face, content and construct validity criteria, with excellent reliability indices (ordinal alphas greater than .86). In addition, external validity was evidenced by taking the STAI State Anxiety scale as a criterion measure. The instrument presented satisfactory psychometric properties for its application in the local context.

O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar a adaptação cultural e o estudo psicométrico da versão em espanhol do Job Contents Questionnaire em trabalhadores da Cidade Autônoma de Buenos Aires e Grande Buenos Aires. A amostra foi composta por 331 (70% do sexo feminino e 30% do sexo masculino, média de idade de 33,15, DP=11,84). Primeiramente, foi realizada uma adaptação cultural por meio da avaliação de juízes especialistas e um teste piloto. A versão adaptada foi composta por 29 itens. Para avaliar o comportamento dos itens, foi realizada uma análise fatorial exploratória sob a modalidade de correlação policórica, aplicando-se o método dos mínimos quadrados não ponderados (ULS) com um método de rotação Varimax. O instrumento foi composto por 21 itens que se enquadram no modelo proposto por Karasek. Os itens que compõem o fator Demandas (5), Controle (6) e Apoio Social (10). Os resultados mostram critérios de validade de face, conteúdo e construto, com excelentes índices de confiabilidade (alfas ordinais maiores que 0,86). Além disso, a validade externa foi evidenciada tomando-se a escala STAI State Anxiety como medida de critério. O instrumento apresentou propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias para sua aplicação no contexto local.

Adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese and Latin-American Spanish and psychometric properties of the Mental Illness Clinicians' Attitudes Scale (MICA v4).

OBJECTIVE: To describe translation to Spanish and Portuguese and adaptation of the Mental Illness Clinicians' Attitudes Scale version 4 (MICA v4). METHODS: The questionnaire was administered to primary care physicians (PCPs) from four Latin-American countries, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, and Cuba. The validation process included four phases: 1) translation of the questionnaire to Spanish and Portuguese; 2) assessment of face validity; 3) assessment of reliability; and 4) evaluation of construct validity with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). RESULTS: The study sample comprised 427 PCPs. The mean age of the Spanish-speaking sample (n = 252) was 40.1 (S.D = 9.7) years and the mean age of the Portuguese-speaking sample (n = 150) was 40.2 (S.D = 10.9) years. Both models demonstrated "appropriate" internal reliability. Total omega was 0.91 for the Spanish-speaking sample and 0.89 for the Portuguese-speaking sample. The CFA of both questionnaires showed an appropriate fit for a three-factor model (Portuguese: CFI = 0.927; TLI = 0.913; RMSEA = 0.066; Spanish: CFI = 0.945; TLI = 0.935; RMSEA = 0.068). CONCLUSION: The Latin-American versions of the MICA v4 in Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese have appropriate psychometric properties, good internal consistency, and are applicable to and acceptable in the Latin-American context. The instrument proved its validity for collecting data on stigmatizing attitudes among health professionals in different contexts and cultures.

Adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese and Latin-American Spanish and psychometric properties of the Mental Illness Clinicians' Attitudes Scale (MICA v4)

Abstract Objective To describe translation to Spanish and Portuguese and adaptation of the Mental Illness Clinicians' Attitudes Scale version 4 (MICA v4). Methods The questionnaire was administered to primary care physicians (PCPs) from four Latin-American countries, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, and Cuba. The validation process included four phases: 1) translation of the questionnaire to Spanish and Portuguese; 2) assessment of face validity; 3) assessment of reliability; and 4) evaluation of construct validity with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results The study sample comprised 427 PCPs. The mean age of the Spanish-speaking sample (n = 252) was 40.1 (S.D = 9.7) years and the mean age of the Portuguese-speaking sample (n = 150) was 40.2 (S.D = 10.9) years. Both models demonstrated "appropriate" internal reliability. Total omega was 0.91 for the Spanish-speaking sample and 0.89 for the Portuguese-speaking sample. The CFA of both questionnaires showed an appropriate fit for a three-factor model (Portuguese: CFI = 0.927; TLI = 0.913; RMSEA = 0.066; Spanish: CFI = 0.945; TLI = 0.935; RMSEA = 0.068). Conclusion The Latin-American versions of the MICA v4 in Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese have appropriate psychometric properties, good internal consistency, and are applicable to and acceptable in the Latin-American context. The instrument proved its validity for collecting data on stigmatizing attitudes among health professionals in different contexts and cultures.

The Body Esteem Scale for Adults and Adolescents: Translation, adaptation and psychometric validation among Brazilian adolescents.

A lack of rigorously validated body image measures for use among adolescents is hampering research in Brazil. This study aimed to validate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Body Esteem Scale for Adults and Adolescents (BESAA; Mendelson et al., 2001). The BESAA was forward and back translated from English into Brazilian Portuguese before examining its factor structure, reliability, and validity among 475 adolescents (50.3% girls) aged 13 - 18 years (Mage = 15.35) from various regions across Brazil. Exploratory factor analysis identified an 18-item three-factor solution, with Appearance-Positive, Appearance-Negative, and Weight subscales. The removal of five problematic items led to a psychometrically robust model, invariant across gender and age, and was verified using confirmatory factor analysis. Test re-test reliability and internal consistency were good-to-excellent across all three factors (Cronbach's a =0.85,.88, and.89). Concurrent validity was established through significant correlations with body dissatisfaction. Convergent validity was demonstrated via significant correlations with positive and negative affect. This Brazilian Portuguese version of the BESAA is a valid, reliable, and psychometrically robust measure of body image suitable for administration among adolescents in Brazil.

Adaptation and psychometric validation of a questionnaire about organizational safety culture and climate for the Brazilian reality.

Surveys are the most widely used instruments to assess safety opinions, attitudes and behaviours of workers, as a reflection of a dimensional manifestation of an organization's safety culture. The fact that there are few instruments of this nature adapted to the Brazilian reality motivated the attempt to validate tools used in Portugal in this field. The questionnaire to workers about occupational safety culture and climate (QTCCS) will be explored in this article. The main objective is to present the data from the cultural adaptation and psychometric validation process of this instrument, and it can be confirmed that this intention was properly achieved. Through a study carried out with a sample of 200 workers from a company in the northeast of Brazil, it was statistically confirmed that it is possible to maintain the factorial structure of the original instrument when applied to Brazilian workers of different characteristics.

The Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Parental Burnout Assessment: Transcultural adaptation and initial validity evidence.

This study aimed to examine the validity of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA), the current gold-standard measure of parental burnout (PB). We surveyed parents in Portugal (N = 407) and Brazil (N = 301). We (a) compared the factor structure of the Brazilian-Portuguese version with the original structure of the PBA, (b) tested the adequacy of a second-order factor structure, (c) evaluated invariance across gender and countries, (d) examined reliability, and (e) evaluated whether PB levels are related to gender, satisfaction with life, and parental self-efficacy (PSE). Results provided evidence for the validity of the Brazilian-Portuguese PBA and its four facets. Factor models supported the use of both individual facet scores and a global PB score. The structures tested were invariant across countries and gender, and all factors had good reliability. Relations with PSE, life satisfaction, and gender provided initial evidence for validity, and suggested a possible influence of intensive motherhood models.

Psychometric validation of the survey of autobiographical memory: confirmatory factor analysis and network analysis.

Autobiographical memory (AM) represents the ability to remember personal experiences. There are several laboratory or neuropsychological tasks to assess different aspects of memory function. However, there has been little research on self-reported AM ability. The Survey of Autobiographical Memory (SAM) is a self-report questionnaire, developed to assess individual differences in AM. Evidence for the factor structure and network properties of the SAM is still needed. Here, using an integral approach, we validated the SAM using a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (Study 1) as in the original study, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (Study 2), and a Network Analysis (Study 3) using two large independent samples (total n = 2896). We first replicated the original findings, then confirmed the existence of 4 factors and found that the Episodic and Semantic categories were the most central ones. Finally, we found between "groups" differences for Gender and Anxiety. Overall, three different methods revealed a robust profile of the SAM.

Adaptación y validación argentina de una versión breve de la Escala de Parentalidad Positiva (E2p) / Argentine Adaptation and Validation of a Short Version of the Positive Parenting Scale (E2p)

Resumen Antecedentes la parentalidad positiva se caracteriza por promover relaciones saludables en la familia basadas en el ejercicio de la responsabilidad parental, garantizar los derechos de los hijos y optimizar su potencial desarrollo y bienestar. Dada la importancia de esta temática para el buen desarrollo de los niños, es fundamental contar con instrumentos adecuados para su evaluación. Objetivo: adaptar y validar a la Argentina una versión breve de la Escala de Parentalidad Positiva (E2p) de Gómez y Muñoz (2014). Método: la escala fue administrada a una muestra de 546 padres y madres (edad: M = 38.54; DE = 6.37). Se estudió el funcionamiento de los ítems, se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios para establecer si la estructura factorial de la forma breve permanecía estable con respecto a la de la forma completa y se calculó la consistencia interna de la escala. Resultados: el modelo factorial propuesto fue puesto a prueba a través de un AFC con el método ULS que indicó un ajuste muy satisfactorio del modelo abreviado. La consistencia interna de la prueba fue adecuada para la escala total y por dimensiones. Conclusiones: Finalmente, se discuten los hallazgos, limitaciones y futuras líneas de investigación

Abstract Background Positive parenting is characterized by promoting healthy relationships in the family based on parental responsibility to ensure children's rights and optimize their potential development and well-being. Given the importance of this topic for the good development of children, it is essential to have adequate instruments for its evaluation. Objective: to adapt to and validate in the Argentine population a short version of the Positive Parenting Scale (E2p) by Gómez and Muñoz (2014). Method: the scale was administered to a sample of 546 fathers and mothers (age: M = 38.54; SD = 6.37). The functioning of the items was studied, confirmatory factor analyses were carried out to establish whether the factor structure of the short form remained stable with respect to the complete form, and the internal consistency of the test was analized. Results: the proposed factorial model was tested through a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with the unweighted least squares (ULS) method, which indicated a very satisfactory fit of the abbreviated model. The internal consistency of the test was adequate for the full scale and dimensions. Conclusions: finally, the findings, limitations and future lines of research are discussed.

Validación psicométrica de la versión breve del Inventario de Características Institucionales Estresoras / Psychometric validation of the short version of the Inventory of Stressor-related Institutional Characteristics

Resumen Objetivo: Realizar la validación psicométrica del Inventario de Características Institucionales Estresoras. Método: Estudio instrumental desarrollado a través de la aplicación del Inventario de Características Institucionales Estresoras a 300 alumnos de la Universidad Pedagógica de Durango, en Durango, México; de estos alumnos el 32% son del sexo masculino y el 68% del sexo femenino, la edad mínima es de 19 años y la máxima de 67 años, siendo el promedio 29 años de edad, y el 75% cursaba en ese momento la licenciatura y el 25% restante la maestría o doctorado. Resultados: Se construyó una versión breve del inventario, la cual obtuvo un nivel de confiabilidad de .71 en alfa de Cronbach; en el análisis de consistencia interna todos los ítems correlacionaron positivamente (con un nivel de significación de p< .001) con el puntaje global obtenido por cada encuestado; el análisis factorial exploratorio reporta dos componentes que explican 40% de la varianza total y el análisis factorial confirmatorio muestra un buen ajuste a dos factores (χ2 = 16,70; RMSEA = 0,000; χ2 / df = 0,49). Conclusión: Las características institucionales generadoras del estrés, en las instituciones escolares, es una de las áreas del campo de estudio del estrés menos investigada; una de las razones centrales es la falta de instrumentos que permitan medir cómo diversas variables situacionales influyen en la valoración que el sujeto hace de las demandas para considerarlas estresores. En ese sentido, esta versión breve del ICIE se vuelve una opción válida para este tipo de estudios.

Abstract Objective: Perform the psychometric validation of the Inventory of Stressor Institutional Characteristics. Method: Instrumental study developed through the application of the Inventory of Stressor Institutional Characteristics to 300 students of the Pedagogical University of Durango, Durango, Mexico; of these students 32% are male and 68% female, the minimum age is 19 years and the maximum of 67, with the average being 29 years of age, and 75% were studying at the time the degree and the remaining 25% the masters or doctorate. Results: A short version of the inventory was built, which obtained a reliability level of .71 in Cronbach's alpha; in the analysis of internal consistency, all the items correlated positively (with a level of significance of p <.001) with the overall score obtained by each respondent; exploratory factor analysis reports two components that explain 40% of the total variance and the confirmatory factor analysis shows a good adjustment to two factors (χ2 = 16.70, RMSEA = 0.000, χ2 / df = 0.49). Conclusion: Institutional characteristics that generate stress, in school institutions, is one of the least researched areas ; one of the main reasons is the lack of instruments that allow us to measure how various situational variables influence the assessment that the subject makes of the demands to consider them stressors. In this sense, this short version of the ICIE becomes a valid option for this type of studies.

Psychometric properties of the SV-RES Resilience Scale in Mexican women with breast cancer / Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Resiliencia SV-RES en mujeres mexicanas con cáncer de mama

Abstract Introduction Resilience is an adaptation resource for coping with adversity or high risk, in this case, breast cancer diagnosis. The SV-RES Resilience Scale, created in Chile, is a valid, reliable measure for evaluating healthy behaviors in adversity and could be useful for evaluating resources available to women with breast cancer diagnosis in Mexico. Objective To obtain the psychometric properties of the SV-RES Resilience Scale in Mexican women with breast cancer. Method 114 women with breast cancer attending a cancer care center were included. They answered the self-administered SV-RES Resilience Scale comprising three resources: "I am," "I have," and "I can." The dimensions of the scale were identified through an exploratory factor analysis. Results The scale presented overall internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of .974), with seven dimensions (identity, satisfaction, links, networks, internal strength, self-efficacy, and affectivity/reciprocity) that accounted for 72.75% of the variance. Discussion and conclusion The SV-RES scale is a valid, reliable measure for assessing resilience in Mexican women with breast cancer. Since it is a short, self-administered, and reliable instrument, it is useful for clinical practice and research in similar populations to identify the resources people have for coping with their medical conditions.

Resumen Introducción La resiliencia es un recurso con que cuentan las personas para afrontar situaciones de adversidad o de alto riesgo en su salud, en este caso, el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama. La Escala de Resiliencia SV-RES fue creada en Chile y constituye una medición válida y confiable para evaluar las conductas saludables en condiciones de adversidad y podría ser útil para evaluar los recursos con que cuentan las mujeres mexicanas con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama. Objetivo Obtener las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Resiliencia SV-RES en mujeres mexicanas con cáncer de mama. Método Participaron 114 mujeres con cáncer de mama que acudieron a un centro especializado en atención oncológica, quienes respondieron la Escala Autoaplicable de Resiliencia SV-RES, que consta de tres recursos "Yo soy / Yo estoy"; "Yo tengo" y "Yo puedo". Las dimensiones de la escala fueron identificadas por medio de un análisis factorial exploratorio. Resultados La escala presentó una consistencia global interna (alpha de Cronbach de .974), cuyas siete dimensiones (identidad, satisfacción, vínculos, redes, fortaleza interna, autoeficacia y afectividad/reciprocidad) explicaron en conjunto el 72.75% de la varianza. Discusión y conclusión La escala SV-RES es una medida válida y confiable para evaluar la resiliencia en mujeres con cáncer de mama. Al ser un instrumento breve, autoaplicable y confiable, constituye un instrumento útil para su aplicación en la práctica clínica y en la investigación en poblaciones similares, con el fin de identificar los recursos con que cuenta la población para enfrentar sus padecimientos.

Psychometric validation of a Patient-Centred Quality of Cancer Care Questionnaire in Mexico.

OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a Patient-Centred Quality of Cancer Care Questionnaire in Spanish (PCQCCQ-S) appropriate to the Mexican context. DESIGN: Psychometric validation of a questionnaire. SETTING: Two public oncology hospitals in Mexico City. PARTICIPANTS: 1809 patients with cancer aged ≥18 years. SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Cross-sectional survey. METHODS: The validation procedures comprised (1) content validity through a group of experts and patients; (2) item reduction and evaluation of the factor structure, through an exploratory factor analysis based on the polychoric correlation matrix; (3) internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha; (4) convergent validity between the PCQCCQ-S and supportive care needs scale; (5) correlation analysis between the PCQCCQ-S and quality of life scale by calculating Spearman's rank-correlation coefficient; and (6) differentiation by 'known groups' through the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS: The PCQCCQ-S has 30 items with the following five factors accounting for 96.5% of the total variance: (1) timely care; (2) clarity of the information; (3) information for treatment decision-making; (4) activities to address biopsychosocial needs; and (5) respectful and coordinated care. Cronbach's alpha values ranged from 0.73 to 0.90 among the factors. PCQCCQ-S has moderate convergent validity with supportive care needs scale, revealing that higher quality is correlated with lower patient needs. PCQCCQ-S has acceptable ability to differentiate by 'known groups', showing that older patients and those with low levels of education perceived lower total quality of care as compared with their counterparts. CONCLUSION: PCQCCQ-S has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used to measure quality of patient-centred cancer care in Mexico and serve as a reference to develop PCQCCQ-S in other Spanish-speaking countries.

Health Care Administrators' Cardiac Rehabilitation Attitudes (HACRA) in North and South America and the Development of a Scale to Assess Them.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is insufficiently available; even less so in low-resource settings. Health care administrators (HAs) are responsible for ensuring CR programs are offered and resourced. This study compared HA CR attitudes in North and South America, the contextual factors associated with these attitudes, and developed a scale/survey to assess them with global applicability. METHODS: Data were retrospectively analysed from three cross-sectional studies: in (1) 195 HAs from Canada (i.e., North America), (2) 44 HAs from seven South American countries, and (3) 43 HAs from Brazil (all South America). Contextual and perceptual/attitudinal items (five-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes) were compared by region. Psychometric properties of items were tested. A literature review was performed, and items generated for content validation by experts. RESULTS: The most negative CR attitudes related to government funding models (mean=2.46±1.14/5), and that patients have responsibility for their disease management (3.03±1.25). North American HAs rated their institutions' perceptions of the importance of CR (p<0.001) and quality of the local program (p<0.001) higher than their South American counterparts, but rated the utility of CR in lowering length of stay (p<0.001), promoting behaviour change (p<0.05) and the need for more government funding (p<0.05) lower, among others. Total attitude scores were positively associated with CR knowledge/awareness in both cohorts (all p<0.01). North American HAs more often perceived CR should be funded by hospitals (p<0.001) than South Americans. A 39-item HA CR Attitudes (HACRA-R) scale was developed. CONCLUSIONS: Health care administrators' perceptions vary by context, which could impact CR resourcing.

Spanish validation of female condom attitude scale and female condom use in Colombian young women.

BACKGROUND: Infection by HIV and other STIs and unplanned pregnancies are among the most serious problems associated with sexuality. Male and female condoms are the only dual-purpose devices to control both unplanned pregnancies and STIs, and studying people's attitudes toward the use of these devices are excellent ways to predict their use. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to adapt and validate the Female Condom Attitude Scale for Spanish language and to evaluate the use of female condoms in Colombian population. METHODS: For that purpose, a total of 387 Colombian women aged 23.68 years in average were asked to respond to the Female Condom Attitude Scale, the Sexual Opinion Survey, and the UCLA Multidimensional Condom Attitudes Scale. RESULTS: The use of female condom in Colombia is very low; only 5.10% of the surveyed women had used it at least once. On the other hand, results revealed a five-factor dimensionality (Sexual pleasure enhancement, Inconvenience, Improved prophylaxis, Sexual pleasure inhibition, and Insertion reluctance) with alphas between .81 and .96. The scale also showed adequate psychometric properties and criterion validity. No relationship was found between attitudes toward female condom and attitudes toward male condom. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish adaptation of the Female Condom Attitude Scale was found to be reliable and valid in a sample of young women.