Trauma resulting in rare avulsion-type renal injury and lobe migration: An uncommon case report.

In this case report, we discuss a rare incident of avulsion-type renal injury in a 24-year-old male with no significant medical history. The injury occurred during a traffic accident, where he was involved in a direct impact collision between a motorcycle and a vehicle, leading to altered corticomedullary differentiation in the right kidney, a retroperitoneal hematoma, and free fluid in the cavity. The patient underwent successful emergency abdominal surgery, which involved the removal of the damaged kidney due to the severity of the injury. During his postoperative recovery in the ICU, he received extensive care, including sedation, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor support. Ultimately, he made a successful recovery and was discharged after rehabilitation. This case highlights the complexities involved in managing patients with renal injuries resulting from high-energy impact accidents. It emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in treatment, the challenges associated with deciding on surgical intervention, and the significance of rehabilitation in patient recovery. The uniqueness of this case, characterized by its distinct mechanism of injury and the severity of the trauma, contributes to our broader understanding of renal trauma management in the field of trauma medicine. It underscores the need for personalized patient care strategies and emphasizes the effectiveness of surgical interventions in severe cases of renal trauma.

Surgical management of an abdominal impalement injury: a case report / Manejo quirúrgico de una lesion por empalamiento abdominal: reporte de caso

Impalement injuries are a complex and rare type of penetrating abdominal trauma that happens when an object such as a post or a pole penetrates a person injuring several organs, making it a life-threatening situation in which time and correct management play an important part in the survival of the patient. A 37-year-old man suffered abdominal impalement injury with a metal signal post, penetrating the left flank of the abdomen. On examination, there is a hypoventilated left hemithorax with intercostal retractions, increased heart rate, weak distal pulses, delayed capillary refill, and pale skin. A 1-meter-long metal post (approximately 7cm diameter) penetrates the left flank with the entry in the posterior lumbar region. Abdominal viscera, omentum, intestinal content, and ischemic loops of the small intestine are visible. An exploratory laparotomy was performed; left hemicolectomy, end colostomy and Hartmann procedure, resection of the affected jejunum, and end-to-end anastomosis were performed. On the ninth postoperative day, an abdominal tomography was performed due to the presence of fever peaks, which reported thrombosis of the left renal artery and emphysematous pyelonephritis, with the presence of a left pararenal collection. A simple left nephrectomy was performed. Postoperative surveillance was satisfactory during the following 5 days. The patient was discharged. An impaled injury is a complex lesion that needs special attention from the medical field for correct management. Although there is some literature about it, we encourage more research to be done about impalement injuries.

Las lesiones por empalamiento son un tipo de traumatismo abdominal penetrante complejo y raro de que se produce cuando un objeto, como un poste o una vara, penetra a una persona lesionando varios órganos, lo que la convierte en una situación potencialmente mortal en la que el tiempo y el manejo correcto juegan un papel importante en la supervivencia del paciente. Un hombre de 37 años sufrió una herida por empalamiento abdominal con un poste de señales de metal, penetrando el flanco izquierdo del abdomen. A la exploración física, hay un hemitórax izquierdo hipoventilado con retracciones intercostales, aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca, pulsos distales débiles, relleno capilar retrasado y piel pálida. Un poste metálico de 1 metro de largo (aproximadamente 7 cm de diámetro) penetra el flanco izquierdo con entrada en la región lumbar posterior. Son visibles las vísceras abdominales, el epiplón, el contenido intestinal y las asas isquémicas del intestino delgado. Se realizó una laparotomía exploradora; Se realizó hemicolectomía izquierda, colostomía terminal y procedimiento de Hartmann, resección del yeyuno afectado y anastomosis terminoterminal. Al noveno día postoperatorio se realiza tomografía abdominal por presencia de picos febriles, que reporta trombosis de arteria renal izquierda y pielonefritis enfisematosa, con presencia de colección pararrenal izquierda. Se realizó nefrectomía izquierda simple. La vigilancia postoperatoria fue satisfactoria durante los siguientes 5 días. El paciente fue dado de alta. Una lesión por empalamiento es una lesión compleja que necesita una atención especial desde el ámbito médico para su correcto manejo. Aunque existe cierta literatura al respecto, alentamos a que se realicen más investigaciones sobre estas lesiones.

Damage Control for renal trauma: the more conservative the surgeon, better for the kidney.

Urologic trauma is frequently reported in patients with penetrating trauma. Currently, the computerized tomography and vascular approach through angiography/embolization are the standard approaches for renal trauma. However, the management of renal or urinary tract trauma in a patient with hemodynamic instability and criteria for emergency laparotomy, is a topic of discussion. This article presents the consensus of the Trauma and Emergency Surgery Group (CTE) from Cali, for the management of penetrating renal and urinary tract trauma through damage control surgery. Intrasurgical perirenal hematoma characteristics, such as if it is expanding or actively bleeding, can be reference for deciding whether a conservative approach with subsequent radiological studies is possible. However, if there is evidence of severe kidney trauma, surgical exploration is mandatory and entails a high probability of requiring a nephrectomy. Urinary tract damage control should be conservative and deferred, because this type of trauma does not represent a risk in acute trauma management.

El trauma renal y de las vías urinarias se presenta con relativa frecuencia en pacientes con trauma penetrante. El estándar actual de manejo es realizar una evaluación imagenológica, por medio de tomografía computarizada y un abordaje vascular, a través de técnicas de angiografía/embolización. Sin embargo, el manejo de un paciente hemodinámicamente inestable con criterios de laparotomía de emergencia, con hallazgos de trauma renal o de vías urinarias es aún tema de discusión. El siguiente articulo presenta el consenso del grupo de Cirugía de Trauma y Emergencias (CTE) de Cali respecto al manejo del trauma penetrante renal y de vías urinarias mediante cirugía de control de daños. Las características intra quirúrgicas del hematoma perirrenal tales como si es expansivo o si tiene signos de sangrado activo, son puntos de referencia para decidir entre un abordaje conservador, por estudios imagenológicos posteriores. En cambio, si existe la sospecha de un trauma renal severo, se debe realizar exploración quirúrgica con alta probabilidad de una nefrectomía. El manejo de control de daños de las vías urinarias debe ser conservador y diferido, la lesión de estos órganos no representa un riesgo en el manejo agudo del trauma.

Damage Control for renal trauma: the more conservative the surgeon, better for the kidney / Control de daños renal: entr e más conservador sea el cirujano mejor para el riñón

Abstract Urologic trauma is frequently reported in patients with penetrating trauma. Currently, the computerized tomography and vascular approach through angiography/embolization are the standard approaches for renal trauma. However, the management of renal or urinary tract trauma in a patient with hemodynamic instability and criteria for emergency laparotomy, is a topic of discussion. This article presents the consensus of the Trauma and Emergency Surgery Group (CTE) from Cali, for the management of penetrating renal and urinary tract trauma through damage control surgery. Intrasurgical perirenal hematoma characteristics, such as if it is expanding or actively bleeding, can be reference for deciding whether a conservative approach with subsequent radiological studies is possible. However, if there is evidence of severe kidney trauma, surgical exploration is mandatory and entails a high probability of requiring a nephrectomy. Urinary tract damage control should be conservative and deferred, because this type of trauma does not represent a risk in acute trauma management.

Resumen El trauma renal y de las vías urinarias se presenta con relativa frecuencia en pacientes con trauma penetrante. El estándar actual de manejo es realizar una evaluación imagenológica, por medio de tomografía computarizada y un abordaje vascular, a través de técnicas de angiografía/embolización. Sin embargo, el manejo de un paciente hemodinámicamente inestable con criterios de laparotomía de emergencia, con hallazgos de trauma renal o de vías urinarias es aún tema de discusión. El siguiente articulo presenta el consenso del grupo de Cirugía de Trauma y Emergencias (CTE) de Cali respecto al manejo del trauma penetrante renal y de vías urinarias mediante cirugía de control de daños. Las características intra quirúrgicas del hematoma perirrenal tales como si es expansivo o si tiene signos de sangrado activo, son puntos de referencia para decidir entre un abordaje conservador, por estudios imagenológicos posteriores. En cambio, si existe la sospecha de un trauma renal severo, se debe realizar exploración quirúrgica con alta probabilidad de una nefrectomía. El manejo de control de daños de las vías urinarias debe ser conservador y diferido, la lesión de estos órganos no representa un riesgo en el manejo agudo del trauma.

[Report on management of severe renal trauma.] / Experiencia en el manejo hospitalario del trauma renal de alto grado.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical condition, the type of therapeutic approach and outcome of patients with severe renal trauma (AAST: 4 and 5) treated in a tertiary hospital. Cali, Colombia. METHODS: A descriptive observational study was conducted with patients older than 15 years treated between January 1, 2015 and January 1, 2019, with a diagnosis of renal trauma and renal vessel trauma. Demographic, clinical and trauma severity variables were collected. A univariate analysis was carried out with frequency tables, measures of central tendency, depending on type of intervention, associated lesions, use of blood products and severity indices. RESULTS: 71 medical records were analyzed, 82% male, the average age was 25 years (range: 15-55). Regarding renal traumatic grade, 69% of the patients were grade IV and 31% grade V. Penetrating injuries were seen in 87% versus 13% of injuries due to blunt (non-penetrating) mechanism. 54% of the patients weres cored with a trauma severity index >= 25 and 51% of the patients had an abdominal trauma index <= 24. Surgical management was managed in 67% vs. 32% for non-trauma management surgical. The hospital stay was 17 days on average and 16.9% had complications. CONCLUSIONS: Severe renal trauma is a frequent clinical condition in male patients between the second and third decade of life, in our environment the majority corresponds to penetrating traumas. Most cases were managed with some surgical procedure, however, with asignificant percentage of conservative management with complication rates of less than 30%, which changes the paradigm of treatment of high-grade renal trauma.

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar la condición clínica, el tipo de abordaje terapéutico y desenlaces de pacientes con trauma renal de alto grado (AAST: 4 y 5) atendidos en un hospital de tercer nivel. Cali, Colombia.MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo con pacientes mayores de 15 años atendidos entre el 1 de enero de 2015 y el 1 enero de 2019, con diagnóstico de traumatismo renal y traumatismo de vasos renales. Se recolectaron variables demográficas, clínicas y de severidad del trauma. Se realizó un análisis univariado con tablas de frecuencia, medidas de tendencia central, dependiendo de tipo de intervención, lesiones asociadas, uso de hemoderivados e índices de severidad. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 71 historias clínicas, 82% de sexo masculino, el promedio de edad fue 25 años (rango: 15-55). Respecto al grado trauma renal, el 69%de los pacientes fueron grado IV y el 31% grado V. Las lesiones penetrantes se vieron en un 87% vs 13% delesiones por mecanismo contuso (no penetrante). El 54% de los pacientes fueron puntuados con un Índice de Severidadde Trauma >= 25 y el 51% de los pacientes presentó un Índice de Trauma Abdominal <= 24. Se observó manejo quirúrgico en 67% vs 32% para manejo no quirúrgico. El tiempo de estancia hospitalaria fue de 17 días en promedio y el 16,9% tuvo complicaciones. CONCLUSIONES: El traumatismo renal de alto grado es una condición clínica frecuente en pacientes masculinos entre la segunda y tercera década de vida, en nuestro medio la mayoría corresponden a traumas penetrantes. La mayoría de casos fueron manejados con algún procedimiento quirúrgico, sin embargo, con un importante porcentaje de manejo conservador con tasas de complicaciones menores del 30 %, que cambia el paradigma del tratamiento del trauma renal de alto grado.

Tratamiento no operatorio en traumatismo cerrado de abdomen en el Hospital Municipal Dr. Leónidas Lucero: nuestra experiencia / Nonoperative treatment of blunt abdominal trauma at the Municipal Hospital Dr. Leonidas Lucero

Antecedentes: existe una tendencia creciente hacia el tratamiento no operatorio (TNO) en el trauma-tismo cerrado de abdomen (TCA), en pacientes estables hemodinámicamente, sin abdomen agudo peritoneal. No hay consenso sobre: momento de inicio de la dieta, deambulación, proflaxis anttrom-bótica, seguimiento y control, y reinicio de la actividad fisica. Objetivo: describir los resultados del manejo de pacientes con TCA, admitidos en nuestro Servicio de Cirugía. Material y métodos: incluimos pacientes mayores de 15 años internados desde enero de 2011 hasta septembre de 2014, con TCA sometidos a TNO. Se recabaron las variables analizadas de una base de datos electrónica de fichaje prospectivo. Resultados: del total de pacientes 31 TCA, 15 se intervinieron quirúrgicamente al ingreso y 16 pacientes se someteron a TNO. El 73,3% presentó lesiones asociadas extraabdominales. A todos se les realizó ecografa abdominal, donde se encontró líquido libre en el 80% y se identificó lesión de órgano sólido en el 60%. En 11 pacientes se realizó TC confrmando lesión objetivada en la ecografa e iden-tificando 3 no evidenciadas previamente. Se diagnosticaron 5 traumatismos hepáticos, 2 asociados a traumatismo renal; 6 traumatismos esplénicos, 4 renales y un paciente con hemoperitoneo. En 7 pacientes se utlizó tromboproflaxis. El TNO fue exitoso en todos los casos. Tres pacientes presentaron complicaciones. No se registró mortalidad. Conclusiones: los pacientes sometidos a TNO en nuestro hospital fueron tratados exitosamente en todos los casos. No se registró mortalidad en la serie analizada.

Background: there is a growing trend towards non-operative management (NOM) in the blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) in hemodynamically stable patentis without peritoneal acute abdomen. However, there is stll no consensus on: tme of onset of diet, ambulaton, antthrombotic prophylaxis, follow-up, and resumpton of physical activity. Objective: to describe the management of patentis with BAT, admited to the Department of Surgery of our insttuton. Material and methods: we included patentis age 15 and older admited from January 2011 to Sept-ember 2014, with BAT who underwent NOM. The variables analyzed were collected from an electronic database of prospective signing. Resultis: 31 TCA were identifed, 15 were operated on at admission and 16 patentis underwent NOM. 75% were men; mean age of 29 (range 18-58). In 100% abdominal ultrasound was performed, finding free fuid in 80% and identifying organ damage in 60% of the total. In 11 patentis CT scan was perfor-med confrming identifed organ injury on ultrasound and diagnosing three not evidenced previously. We included 5 patentis with liver trauma, 2 associated renal trauma; 6 splenic trauma; 4 kidney trauma and 1 patent with hemoperitoneum. Thromboprophylaxis was used in 7 patentis. NOM was successful in all cases. Three patentis presented complicatons, not associated with trauma. No mortality was recorded. Conclusions: patentis undergoing NOT in our hospital were successfully treated in all cases. There were no complicatons associated with management of the NOT. No mortality was recorded.

Extravasación urinaria postraumatismo abdominal cerrado: ¿es posible un diagnóstico precoz?: informe de dos casos / Urinary extravasation post blunt abdominal trauma: is it possible an early diagnosis?: report of two cases

La lesión de la vía urinaria superior con extravasación urinaria ocasionada por un traumatismo abdominal cerrado es infrecuente y, a menudo, no reconocida en una evaluación inicial.Un diagnóstico tardío de esta lesión aumenta significativamente la morbilidad. Se presentan dos casos, uno con avulsión de uréter superior derecho y el otro con laceración parenquimatosay de pelvis renal derecha con diagnóstico tardío y complicacionesgraves postraumatismo abdominal cerrado directo. El conocimiento del mecanismo del traumatismo y la evaluación de signos y síntomas locales son datos de importancia parasospechar una lesión pieloureteral, independientemente de la gravedad del traumatismo. La ausencia de hematuria inicial no es infrecuente y su presencia y grado no guarda relación con lagravedad de la lesión. Una tomografía computada abdominal con contraste endovenoso, evaluada en fase excretora tardía, permite la identificación precoz de una extravasación de orina.

An injury to the upper urinary tract with urinary extravasation caused by blunt abdominal trauma is uncommon and often unrecognized in an initial evaluation. A late diagnosis of this injury significantly increases morbidity. Two cases are discussed, one with avulsion of right upper ureter and the other one with parenchymal and right renal pelvis laceration with delayed diagnosis and severe complications subsequent to a direct blunt abdominal trauma. Knowledge of the mechanismof trauma and the assessment of local signs and symptoms are important data for suspecting ureteropelvic injury regardless of the trauma severity. The absence of initial hematuria is notuncommon and their presence and degree is unrelated to the severity of the injury. An abdominal computed tomography with IV contrast evaluated in delayed excretory phase allows an early detection of extravasation of urine.

Trauma renal: diagnóstico, tratamiento y morbimortalidad en pacientes del Hospital Nacional Essalud Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen Lima-Perú: estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo 1999-2005 / Renal trauma: diagnostic, treatment and morbimortality in patient of the Guillermo Almenara Irygoyen Hospital Lima-Perú: retrospective and descriptive study 1999-2005

El trauma renal ocurre en el 1-5 por ciento de todos los traumas, y el riñón es el órgano genitourinario que con más frecuencia se lesiona, con un radio de varón a mujer de 3 a 1. Es objetivo de este estudio evaluar las características de nuestros pacientes al ingreso, el tipo de trauma renal y su estadificación, así como el tratamiento indicado y los resultados del mismo. Todos los pacientes con trauma renal diagnosticado desde el año 1999 hasta el año 2005 en nuestro hospital ingresaron en nuestra base de datos, se encontraron 16 casos con este diagnóstico y con un promedio de edad de 45,25 +/- 19,98 años (24-77) y con un radio varón: mujer de 4 a 1. Hubo 9 de grado I, 6 de grado II y 1 de grado V. El paciente con trauma renal de alto grado fue intervenido quirúrgicamente encontrándose estallamiento renal, y realizándosele nefrectomía con esplenectomía por laceración esplénica asociada. En todos los demás casos sólo se realizó observación y reposo, como se describe también en la literatura.

The renal trauma occurs in the 1-5 percent of all the traumas, and the kidney is the urogenital organ that with more frequency is injured, with a radio of male to woman from 3 to 1. It is objective of this study to evaluate the characteristics of our patients in the income, the type of renal trauma and its grade, as well as the treatment indicated and the results of the same one. All the patients with renal trauma diagnosed since the year 1999 to the year 2005 in our hospital entered in our database, 16 cases with this diagnosis and with an average of age of 45,25 +/- 19,98 (24-77) years were found and with a radio male: woman from 4 to 1. They had 9 of grade I, 6 of grade II and 1 of grade V. The patient with renal trauma of high grade was intervened surgically being found complete renal disruption, and carrying out nefhrectomy with esplenectomy because of splenic laceration associate. In all the other cases only observation was carried out and rest, like it is described also in the literature.

Trauma renal, a propósito de un caso / Renal trauma, case report

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 9 años de edad con antecedente de trauma renal grado IV, a la que tubo que realizarse nefrectomía. La conducta quirúrgica se determino por los hallazgos de exámenes complementarios como la urografía endovenosa. Actualmente se considera que el tratamiento conservador es una opción en la mayoría de los paciente con trauma renal, existiendo pocas indicaciones para una conducta quirúrgica en este tipo de pacientes. Es de vital importancia la adecuada interpretación de los exámenes complementarios para determinar una conducta. Se aprovecha el caso clínico para realizar una revisión de la literatura.

The case of a patient of 9 years of age with antecedent of renal trauma appears degree IV, to which to be made nefrectomy. The conduct I determine myself by the complementary findings of examines like urografhy. At the moment it is considered that the preservative treatment is an option in mayor of the patient with renal trauma, existing few indications for a quirurgica conduct in this type of patients. It is of vital importance the suitable interpretation of examination complementary to determine a conduct.

ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DO USO DE OMENTO, TELAS DE NÁILON E VICRIL, NO TRATAMENTO DO TRAUMA RENAL EM CÃES

The purpose of this research was to compare the immediate and later development of renal traumas occuring in dogs using, for their simulation, four methods: only renal trauma (Group A), the insertion of epiploon (Group B), use of a nylon membrane (Group C) and use of a vicril membrane (Group D). Forty dogs were studied, divided in four groups of ten each, in the vivarium of the Faculty of Medical Sciences, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo State, Brazil. Following the carrying out of the techniques the dogs in Group A and B died in the first 42 hours, some dogs in Group C died during the first days due to infection complications and the rest of this group plus those in Group D were put down on the 85th day at which time the traumatised kidney and the contra lateral were removed, being studied macro and microscopically thereafter. This analysis was carried out in the Department of Pathology of the University of São Francisco. The results obtained were that the dogs in Group A and B (without using the membrane) died immediately post operation due to hemorrhagic shock, showing that the method of treatment was inefficient as the results for the dogs in Group C and D, in which the membrane was used, were better. The results in the initial phases using the vicril membrane (Group D dogs) were better when compared to the use of nylon (Group C dogs), although in the later phases these results were similar. Microscopic studies of the kidneys in which nylon was used (Group C), showed more fibrosis and granules of foreign bodies in the capsule when compared with the dogs in which vicryl was used (Group D). In the parenchyma kidney area no great differences were identified. It can therefore be concluded that the use of vicryl propitiates better hemostasis, better adhertion, fibrois and also does not cause large consequences in the kidney

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a comparação da evolução imediata e tardia nos traumas renais produzidos em cães, usando-se para a sua reparação quatro métodos: apenas trauma renal (Grupo A), colocação de epíploon (Grupo B), uso de tela de náilon (Grupo C), uso de tela de vicril (Grupo D). Foram estudados 40 cães, divididos em 4 grupos de 10 cada, no biotério da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade São Francisco. Após a realização desta técnica, os cães do Grupo A e B morreram nas primeiras 42 horas, alguns do Grupo C morreram nos primeiros dias por complicações infecciosas; os demais do Grupo C como também os do Grupo D, foram sacrificados no 85o dia, retirando-se o rim traumatizado e o rim normal, sendo posteriormente estudados macro e microscopicamente. Este estudo foi efetuado no Departamento de Patologia da Universidade São Francisco. Os resultados encontrados foram: os cães do Grupo A e B (sem utilização da tela) tiveram óbito nos pós-operatório imediato por choque hemorrágico, mostrando que o método de tratamento foi ineficiente e nos cães do Grupo C e D, em que se utilizou tela, os resultados foram melhores. Na fase inicial, os resultados dos cães com o uso de tela de vicril (Grupo D) são melhores quando comparados aos cães em que se usou tela de náilon (Grupo C); entretanto, na fase tardia esses resultados são semelhantes. O estudo microscópico nos rins em que se usou tela de náilon (Grupo C) mostrou maior fibrose, granulomas de corpo estranho na cápsula, quando comparados aos cães em que se usou vicril (Grupo D). No local do parênquima renal não houve diferenças significantes. Pode-se concluir então que o uso de vicril propicia melhor hemostasia, menos aderências, fibrose e não deixa grandes seqüelas no rim