Gerontological educational interventions for student nurses: a systematic review of qualitative findings.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review of qualitative studies explored interventions to improve student nurses' knowledge, attitudes or willingness to work with older people. Student nurses are likely to encounter older people in all health and aged care settings, however, research demonstrates that few have career aspirations in gerontological nursing. METHODS: Qualitative systematic review method based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. RESULTS: Search of Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, EBSCOhost and Scopus yielded 1841 articles which were screened to include primary research about educational interventions to improve student nurses' knowledge, attitudes and/or willingness to work with older people. Data extraction was performed on the 14 included studies, and data were analysed using directed content analysis. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used the assess the quality of the studies. CONCLUSIONS: Educational interventions included theory or practice courses, or a combination of theory and practice. While most interventions changed nursing students' negative attitudes towards older people, few increased their willingness to work with them. Practice courses had the most significant impact on willingness to work with older people. Quality assessment revealed methodical limitations. More research is needed to better understand the elements of practice interventions that enhance student nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to work with older people, so that they can be replicated.

Beneficios y limitaciones de la planificación centrada en la persona en el campo de la discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo: una revisión sistemática según las directrices de PRISMA / Benefits and limitations of person-centered planning in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities: a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines

La metodología de Planificación Centrada en la Persona (PCP) cada vez tiene mayor impacto en España. Comenzando desde las distintas legislaciones que regulan la atención a este colectivo en las diferentes autonomías y terminando en los centros que proveen este servicio. No obstante, existe escasa literatura internacional de estudios empíricos a grandes escalas que sitúen este enfoque metodológico en una posición relevante que garantice la eficacia de la PCP. El objetivo principal de este estudio es conocer el estado del uso de la metodología de PCP a través de estudios avalados empíricamente que sostengan tanto beneficios como limitaciones durante los últimos 10 años (2012-2022). Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática desde las directrices de PRISMA (2020), que incluye un total de 31 artículos. Como conclusión, se han descubierto más beneficios que limitaciones entre las que destacan las ventajas en su uso para las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo y las mejoras de aspectos relacionados con la autodeterminación. No obstante, las limitaciones prevalecen por la falta de apoyos y recursos adecuados de las organizaciones para responder a una planificación centrada en la persona y la necesidad de formación de las personas implicadas en la elaboración de la PCP, lo que genera la incógnita de si se están realizando buenas prácticas en el uso de dicha metodología. (AU)

The methodology of Person Centered Planning (PCP) is having an increasing impact in Spain. Starting from the different legislations that regulate the attention to this group in the different autonomous regions and ending in the centers that provide this service. However, there is little international literature on large-scale empirical studies that place this methodological approach in a relevant position to guarantee the efficacy of PCP. The main objective of this study is to know the status of the use of PCP methodology through empirically supported studies that sustain both benefits and limitations during the last 10 years (2012-2022). For this purpose, a systematic review has been conducted since the PRISMA guidelines (2020), including a total of 31 articles. As a conclusion, more benefits than limitations have been found, among which the advantages in its use for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and improvements in aspects related to self-determination stand out. However, limitations prevail due to the lack of adequate support and resources from organizations to respond to person-centered planning and the need for training of the people involved in the development of the PCP, which raises the question of whether good practices are being carried out in the use of this methodology. (AU)

Beneficios y limitaciones de la planificación centrada en la persona en el campo de la discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo: una revisión sistemática según las directrices de PRISMA / Benefits and limitations of person-centered planning in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities: a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines

La metodología de Planificación Centrada en la Persona (PCP) cada vez tiene mayor impacto en España. Comenzando desde las distintas legislaciones que regulan la atención a este colectivo en las diferentes autonomías y terminando en los centros que proveen este servicio. No obstante, existe escasa literatura internacional de estudios empíricos a grandes escalas que sitúen este enfoque metodológico en una posición relevante que garantice la eficacia de la PCP. El objetivo principal de este estudio es conocer el estado del uso de la metodología de PCP a través de estudios avalados empíricamente que sostengan tanto beneficios como limitaciones durante los últimos 10 años (2012-2022). Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática desde las directrices de PRISMA (2020), que incluye un total de 31 artículos. Como conclusión, se han descubierto más beneficios que limitaciones entre las que destacan las ventajas en su uso para las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo y las mejoras de aspectos relacionados con la autodeterminación. No obstante, las limitaciones prevalecen por la falta de apoyos y recursos adecuados de las organizaciones para responder a una planificación centrada en la persona y la necesidad de formación de las personas implicadas en la elaboración de la PCP, lo que genera la incógnita de si se están realizando buenas prácticas en el uso de dicha metodología. (AU)

The methodology of Person Centered Planning (PCP) is having an increasing impact in Spain. Starting from the different legislations that regulate the attention to this group in the different autonomous regions and ending in the centers that provide this service. However, there is little international literature on large-scale empirical studies that place this methodological approach in a relevant position to guarantee the efficacy of PCP. The main objective of this study is to know the status of the use of PCP methodology through empirically supported studies that sustain both benefits and limitations during the last 10 years (2012-2022). For this purpose, a systematic review has been conducted since the PRISMA guidelines (2020), including a total of 31 articles. As a conclusion, more benefits than limitations have been found, among which the advantages in its use for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and improvements in aspects related to self-determination stand out. However, limitations prevail due to the lack of adequate support and resources from organizations to respond to person-centered planning and the need for training of the people involved in the development of the PCP, which raises the question of whether good practices are being carried out in the use of this methodology. (AU)

Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso en conducta suicida: una revisión sistemática / Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on suicidal behavior: a systematic review

El suicidio se ha convertido en un problema social y de salud pública a nivel mundial. En este sentido, la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) podría ser eficaz en su abordaje, existiendo evidencia sobre la relación entre algunos de sus componentes y la conducta suicida. Así, el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática sobre la eficacia de ACT en conducta suicida. Para ello se siguió el protocolo PRISMA, empleando las siguientes bases de datos: PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus y PsicoDoc. Inicialmente se obtuvieron 108 publicaciones potencialmente relevantes, de las cuales, finalmente, 13 fueron incluidas en la revisión. La calidad de los estudios se analizó a través de un instrumento de evaluación de riesgo de sesgos. Como resultados, a nivel general se observaron disminuciones estadísticamente significativas en ideación suicida (IS) y factores de riesgo de suicidio. Además, algunos estudios señalaron relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre un aumento de flexibilidad psicológica y la disminución de IS. Si bien los datos apuntaron a una posible eficacia de ACT en la reducción de IS, es necesario llevar a cabo mayor número de estudios experimentales que contemplen la complejidad de la conducta suicida y exploren los procesos de cambio implicados.(AU)

Suicide has emerged as a pressing global issue affecting both so-ciety and public health.In this context, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) could prove effective in its approach, supported by evi-dence of the relationship between certain components of ACT and suicidal behavior. Thus, the present study aims to conduct a systematic review on the efficacy of ACT in suicidal behavior. For this, the PRISMA protocol was followed, using thefollowing databases: PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus and PsicoDoc. Initially, 108 potentially relevant publicationswereobtained,13ofwhichwerefinallyincludedinthereview.Weanalyzedstudy qualityus-ingariskofbiasassessmentinstrument.Asaresult,statisticallysignificantdecreases in suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide risk factors were observed. In addition, some studies indicated statistically significant relationships be-tween increased psychological flexibility and decreasedSI.WhilethedatasuggestedthepotentialeffectivenessofACTinreducingsuicidal ideation (SI), more experimental studies are needed to consider the complexity of suicidal behavior and explore the processes of changeinvolved.(AU)

Factores de riesgo transdiagnósticos de los trastornos emocionales en adultos: una revisión sistemática / Transdiagnostic risk factors of emotional disorders in adults: A systematic review

La comorbilidad es más la regla que la excepción en salud mental y, sobre todo, en el caso de la ansiedad y la depresión. Los modelos transdiagnósticos estudian los procesos subyacentes para mejorar el tratamiento y la comprensión de la salud mental. Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática busca evidencias sobre los factores de riesgo transdiagnósticos para la ansiedad y la depresión en la población clínica diagnosticada de estas condiciones psicopatológicas, analizando los diferentes tipos o categorías de factores identificados. Método: Se registró una revisión sistemática en PROSPERO (número de registro CRD42022370327) y se diseñó de acuerdo con las guías PRISMA-P. La calidad del estudio fue evaluada por dos revisores independientes con conocimiento del campo para reducir el posible sesgo. Resultados: Cincuenta y tres artículos fueron examinados y las variables transdiagnósticas fueron agrupadas en tres categorías: psicológicas, biológicas y socioculturales. Conclusiones: La categoría más estudiada fue la de variables psicológicas, en especial los procesos cognitivos, afecto negativo y neuroticismo, intolerancia a la incertidumbre, sensibilidad a la ansiedad. Los factores biológicos y socioculturales requieren más estudio para sustentar su enfoque transdiagnóstico.(AU)

Comorbidity is more the rule than the exception in mental health, specifically in the case of anxiety and depression. Transdiagnostic models studied the underlying processes to improve mental health treat-ment and understating. Objective:This systematic review searchs for evi-dence on transdiagnostic risk factors for anxiety and depression in the clin-ical population diagnosed with these psychopathological conditions, by an-alysing the different types or categories of factors identified.Methods:A sys-tematic review was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022370327) and was designed according to PRISMA-P guidelines. Two independent reviewers with field knowledge assessed the study quality to reduce bias.Results: Fifty-three articles were examined, and the transdi-agnostic variables were grouped into three categories: psychological, bio-logical, and sociocultural.Conclusions:The most studied category was that of psychological variables, especially cognitive processes, negative affect, and neuroticism, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety sensitivity. Biological and sociocultural factors require more study to support their transdiagnos-tic approach.(AU)

Revisión narrativa del modelo de desarrollo positivo para adultos emergentes chilenos / A narrative review of the positive development model for Chilean emerging adults / Revisão narrativa do modelo de desenvolvimento positivo para adultos emergentes chilenos

Introducción: El desarrollo positivo es un estadio de ajuste psicosocial que acentúa las potencialidades y los recursos entre jóvenes y sus contextos próximos. En Australia, se desarrolló el primer modelo de desarrollo positivo para adultos emergentes, el cual consta de cinco componentes (competencia social, satisfacción con la vida, confianza y tolerancia con los otros, confianza hacia autoridades e instituciones, acción y compromiso cívico), pero no ha sido investigado en Chile. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia disponible en la literatura científica sobre los cinco componentes del modelo de desarrollo positivo en adultos emergentes universitarios de Chile. Materiales y métodos: Revisión narrativa de la literatura publicada entre 2013 y 2023, en bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc y Dialnet. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 83 artículos, de los cuales 53 cumplieron los requisitos de inclusión; en su mayor parte fueron estudios cuantitativos (81,13%) y en español (75,47%). Se evidenció una disparidad en la cantidad de estudios por temática; se encuentra mayor investigación en satisfacción con la vida y acción y compromiso cívico. Conclusiones: Existen brechas en la literatura científica chilena en el estudio del desarrollo positivo; además de que se discuten particularidades idiosincrásicas y desafíos asociados a la etapa de adultez emergente.

Introduction: Positive development is a stage of psychosocial adjustment that accentuates the potentials and resources of young people and their close contexts. The first positive development model for emerging adulthood was developed in Australia, which includes five components: social; life satisfaction; trust and tolerance of others; trust in the authorities and institutions; and action and civic engagement. However, this model has not been investigated in Chile. Objective: To analyze the evidence available in the scientific literature on the five components of the positive development model in emerging adults universities. Materials and methods: A narrative review of the literature published between 2013 and 2023 in the Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc, and Dialnet databases was conducted. Results: 83 articles were selected, of which 53 met the inclusion criteria; most of them were qualitative studies (81.13%) and in Spanish (75.47%). There is an evident disparity in terms of the number of studies and topics, e.g., there is more research on life satisfaction and civic action and commitment. Conclusions: There are gaps in the Chilean scientific literature in the study of positive development. In addition, idiosyncratic particularities and challenges associated with the stages of emerging adulthood are discussed.

Introdução: O desenvolvimento positivo é uma fase de ajustamento psicossocial que acentua o potencial e os recursos dos jovens e dos seus contextos imediatos. Na Austrália, foi desenvolvido o primeiro modelo de desenvolvimento positivo para adultos emergentes, que consiste em cinco componentes (social, satisfação com a vida, confiança e tolerância com os outros, confiança nas autoridades e instituições, ação e envolvimento cívico), mas ainda não foi investigado no Chile. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura científica sobre os cinco componentes do modelo de desenvolvimento positivo em adultos universitários emergentes no Chile. Materiais e métodos: Revisão narrativa da literatura publicada entre 2013 e 2023, nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc e Dialnet. Resultados: foram obtidos 83 artigos, dos quais 53 atenderam aos requisitos de inclusão; A maioria deles eram estudos quantitativos (81,13%) e em espanhol (75,47%). Ficou evidente uma disparidade no número de estudos por tema; Há mais pesquisas sobre satisfação com a vida e ação e compromisso cívico. Conclusões: Existem lacunas na literatura científica chilena no estudo do desenvolvimento positivo; Além disso, são discutidas particularidades e desafios idiossincráticos associados à fase da idade adulta emergente.

Comparing the long-term follow-up anal function between robot-assisted and laparoscopic surgery for low rectal cancer: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) is increasingly used for treating low rectal cancer. Its comparative effectiveness against laparoscopic surgery (LAS) in enhancing long-term anal function remains uncertain. METHODS: A meta-analysis was conducted to compare long-term anal function outcomes between patients undergoing RAS and LAS. Meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess available evidence. Studies published up to September 2023 in English or Chinese were included. RESULTS: Seven studies were identified. RAS patients exhibited lower low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) scores (standardised mean difference [SMD] = -1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.64 to -0.15) and Wexner scores (SMD = -0.74; 95% CI: -1.20 to -0.27) compared with LAS patients. However, RAS did not significantly reduce major LARS risk (odds ratio = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.68-1.04). CONCLUSIONS: RAS slightly improved postoperative anal function compared with LAS. Further studies with large samples are warranted to confirm or update our findings.

Circulating Levels of Calprotectin as a Biomarker in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Calprotectin, also known as MRP8/14, is generated by immune cells and is altered in several inflammatory diseases. Studies have assessed their levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its subtypes (stable CAD and acute coronary syndrome [ACS]). Herein, we aimed to systematically investigate these associations through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in four online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Web of Science. Relevant studies were retrieved, screened, and extracted. Random-effect meta-analysis was performed for the calculation of standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Blood calprotectin levels were compared between CAD patients and controls, as well as CAD subtypes. RESULTS: A total of 20 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, comprising 3300 CAD patients and 1230 controls. Patients with CAD had significantly higher calprotectin levels (SMD 0.81, 95% CI 0.32-1.30, p < 0.01). Similarly, patients with ACS were reported to have higher levels compared to those with stable CAD. However, there was no significant difference in terms of blood calprotectin levels between stable CAD cases and healthy controls. Finally, studies have shown that calprotectin could be used as a diagnostic biomarker of CAD while also predicting major adverse events and mortality in these patients. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, calprotectin, as an inflammatory marker, could be used as a possible biomarker for patients with CAD and ACS. These suggest the possibility of pathophysiological pathways for this involvement and warrant further research on these associations as well as their clinical utility.

Current evidence supporting associations of DNA methylation measurements with survivorship burdens in cancer survivors: A scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: Identifying reliable biomarkers that reflect cancer survivorship symptoms remains a challenge for researchers. DNA methylation (DNAm) measurements reflecting epigenetic changes caused by anti-cancer therapy may provide needed insights. Given lack of consensus describing utilization of DNAm data to predict survivorship issues, a review evaluating the current landscape is warranted. OBJECTIVE: Provide an overview of current studies examining associations of DNAm with survivorship burdens in cancer survivors. METHODS: A literature review was conducted including studies if they focused on cohorts of cancer survivors, utilized peripheral blood cell DNAm data, and evaluated the associations of DNAm and survivorship issues. RESULTS: A total of 22 studies were identified, with majority focused on breast (n = 7) or childhood cancer (n = 9) survivors, and half studies included less than 100 patients (n = 11). Survivorship issues evaluated included those related to neurocognition (n = 5), psychiatric health (n = 3), general wellness (n = 9), chronic conditions (n = 5), and treatment specific toxicities (n = 4). Studies evaluated epigenetic age metrics (n = 10) and DNAm levels at individual CpG sites or regions (n = 12) for their associations with survivorship issues in cancer survivors along with relevant confounding factors. Significant associations of measured DNAm in the peripheral blood samples of cancer survivors and survivorship issues were identified. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Studies utilizing epigenetic age metrics and differential methylation analysis demonstrated significant associations of DNAm measurements with survivorship burdens. Associations were observed encompassing diverse survivorship outcomes and timeframes relative to anti-cancer therapy initiation. These findings underscore the potential of these measurements as useful biomarkers in survivorship care and research.

Clinical and radiographic success rate of the root canal filling materials used in primary teeth: A systematic review.

One of the most important factors that determine the success of pulpectomy in primary teeth is the root canal filling material used. This systematic review is an update on the success rates of various materials used for obturation in primary teeth. An electronic search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases with the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. Only randomized or quasi-randomized clinical and controlled trials with a minimum follow-up of 12 months were included for analysis. Nine articles were considered potentially eligible for inclusion in this review. All the included trials had zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) cement as a control group. The time span of the included trials extended from 12 to 30 months. Only 2 trials were at low risk of bias. Evidence to support the success rates of obturating materials used in primary teeth is scarce, which necessitates further highquality randomized controlled clinical trials with regard to this issue.

Nasogastric tube versus postpyloric tube feeding for critical illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gastric tube feeding and postpyloric tube feeding are two common forms of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of gastric tube feeding with that of postpyloric tube feeding in critically ill patients. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for eligible trials from their inception until March 2023. Relative risks (RRs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate categorical and continuous outcomes using the random-effects model. RESULTS: Sixteen trials involving 1,329 critically ill patients were selected for the final meta-analysis. Overall, we noted that gastric tube feeding showed no significant difference from post-pyloric tube feeding in mortality (p = 0.891), whereas the risk of pneumonia was significantly increased in patients who received gastric tube feeding (RR: 1.45; p = 0.021). Furthermore, we noted that gastric tube feeding was associated with a shorter time required to start feeding (WMD: -11.05; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: This research revealed that initiating feeding through the gastric tube required less time compared to postpyloric tube feeding. However, it was also associated with a heightened risk of pneumonia among critically ill patients.

Intermittent fasting modulates human gut microbiota diversity in a phenotype-dependent manner: a systematic review.

Cumulative evidence suggests that intermittent fasting (IF) has beneficial effects on human metabolic health. It has been indicated that its impact on the gut microbiota may mediate these beneficial effects. As a result, we hypothesized that IF may impact the human gut microbiota. A systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol using the PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. We registered our systematic review protocol in PROSPERO under registration number CRD42021270050. Human intervention studies published until April 30, 2023, were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment study tools for intervention studies. The search in the database returned 166 studies, of which 13 matched all criteria for the final qualitative analysis. The body of evidence suggests that IF modulates human gut microbiota alpha and beta diversity in lean (relatively healthy) and relatively healthy overweight/obese individuals but not in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, IF also alters human gut microbiota composition in all phenotypes. Of interest, the gut microbiota taxa or microbial metabolites after an IF intervention are associated with metabolic markers. According to this review, IF influences the diversity and taxonomic levels of the human gut microbiota. Individual metabolic phenotypes may alter the effect of IF on the diversity and taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota.

An analysis of stimulation methods used in rehabilitation equipment for children with cerebral palsy.

Objective: This paper summarizes the research progress into stimulation methods used in rehabilitation equipment for pediatric cerebral palsy (CP) for the past 20 years from 2003 to 2023. We also provide ideas for innovative research and development of artificial intelligence-based rehabilitation equipment. Methods: Through a certain search strategy, Keywords are searched in the China National Knowledge Network Database (CNKI), the Wanfang Database knowledge service platform, the Chongqing VIP information service, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Medline, Embase, and IEEE database. A total of 3,049 relevant articles were retrieved, and 49 articles were included that mentioned research and development of rehabilitation equipment. We excluded articles that were not specific to children with CP, were duplicated or irrelevant literature, were missing data, the full article was not available, the article did not describe the method of stimulation used with the rehabilitation equipment on children with CP, were not Chinese and English, and were the types of reviews and commentaries. Results: Physical stimulation is the main stimulation method of rehabilitation equipment for children with CP. Force stimulation is the main mode of physical stimulation, and there are 17 articles that have verified the clinical efficacy of force stimulation-based equipment. Conclusion: Research on the stimulation mode of pediatric cerebral palsy rehabilitation equipment is likely to focus on simulating the force of the Chinese medicine called "tuina manipulation." When this method is combined with artificial intelligence and personalized direction we believe this will lay the foundation for future development of a novel therapy for children with CP.

Non-ictal, interictal and ictal déjà vu: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Déjà vu, French for "already seen," is a phenomenon most people will experience at least once in their lifetime. Emerging evidence suggests that déjà vu occurs in healthy individuals (as "non-ictal déjà vu") and in epilepsy patients during seizures (as "ictal déjà vu") and between seizures (as "interictal déjà vu"). Although the ILAE has recognized déjà vu as a feature of epileptic seizures, it is notably absent from the ICD-11. A lack of evidence-based research may account for this omission. To our knowledge, this study represents the first systematic review and meta-analysis on déjà vu experiences. Through detailed examinations of non-ictal, interictal and ictal déjà vu, we seek to highlight possible clinical implications. Rethinking the status quo of ictal déjà vu could potentially lead to earlier interventions and improve outcomes for epilepsy patients. Methods: This study was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023394239) on 5 February 2023. Systematic searches were conducted across four databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and PubMed, from inception to 1 February 2023, limited to English language and human participants. Studies were included/excluded based on predefined criteria. Data was extracted according to the PICO framework and synthesized through a thematic approach. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate prevalence's of the phenomena. Study quality, heterogeneity, and publication bias were assessed. Results: Database searching identified 1,677 records, of which 46 studies were included. Meta-analyses of prevalence showed that non-ictal déjà vu was experienced by 0.74 (95% CI [0.67, 0.79], p < 0.001) of healthy individuals, whereas interictal déjà vu was experienced by 0.62 (95% CI [0.48, 0.75], p = 0.099) and ictal déjà vu by 0.22 (95% CI [0.15, 0.32], p = 0.001) of epilepsy patients. Examinations of phenomenological (sex, age, frequency, duration, emotional valence, and dissociative symptoms) and neuroscientific (brain structures and functions) data revealed significant variations between non-ictal, interictal and ictal déjà vu on several domains. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis do not support the notion that non-ictal, interictal and ictal déjà vu are homogenous experiences. Instead, it provides insight into ictal déjà vu as a symptom of epilepsy that should be considered included in future revisions of the ICD-11. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=394239, CRD42023394239.

Biomechanical Design Optimization of Distal Humerus Fracture Plates: A Review.

The goal of this article was to review studies on distal humerus fracture plates (DHFPs) to understand the biomechanical influence of systematically changing the plate or screw variables. The problem is that DHFPs are commonly used surgically, although complications can still occur, and it is unclear if implant configurations are always optimized using biomechanical criteria. A systematic search of the PubMed database was conducted to identify English-language biomechanical optimization studies of DHFPs that parametrically altered plate and/or screw variables to analyze their influence on engineering performance. Intraarticular and extraarticular fracture (EAF) data were separated and organized under commonly used biomechanical outcome metrics. The results identified 52 eligible DHFP studies, which evaluated various plate and screw variables. The most common plate variables evaluated were geometry, hole type, number, and position. Fewer studies assessed screw variables, with number and angle being the most common. However, no studies examined nonmetallic materials for plates or screws, which may be of interest in future research. Also, articles used various combinations of biomechanical outcome metrics, such as interfragmentary fracture motion, bone, plate, or screw stress, number of loading cycles to failure, and overall stiffness (Os) or failure strength (Fs). However, no study evaluated the bone stress under the plate to examine bone "stress shielding," which may impact bone health clinically. Surgeons treating intraarticular and extraarticular distal humerus fractures should seriously consider two precontoured, long, thick, locked, and parallel plates that are secured by long, thick, and plate-to-plate screws that are located at staggered levels along the proximal parts of the plates, as well as an extra transfracture plate screw. Also, research engineers could improve new studies by perusing recommendations in future work (e.g., studying alternative nonmetallic materials or "stress shielding"), clinical ramifications (e.g., benefits of locked plates), and study quality (e.g., experimental validation of computational studies).

Effect of Elevated Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Myocardial infarction (MI), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, is characterized by an underlying inflammatory process driven by atherosclerosis. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a readily available and cost-effective marker of systemic inflammation, has emerged as a potential predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with MI. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between elevated NLR and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality in patients with MI. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and OVID Medicine, to identify relevant studies published from January 1, 2011, onward. Studies reporting the effect of NLR values on MACE and mortality in adult patients with MI, including both ST-elevation (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation (NSTEMI) subtypes, were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by multiple authors. The meta-analysis included 37 studies, comprising a total of 18 studies evaluating the risk of MACE and 30 studies assessing all-cause mortality. The pooled analysis revealed a significantly increased risk of MACE (odds ratio [OR] 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53-2.28, P < 0.01) and all-cause mortality (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.94-2.70, P < 0.01) in patients with elevated NLR compared to those without elevated NLR. Subgroup analyses stratified by follow-up duration and study design further supported the consistent association between elevated NLR and adverse outcomes. In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates a significant association between elevated NLR and an increased risk of MACE and all-cause mortality in patients with MI. These findings highlight the potential clinical utility of NLR as a prognostic marker and underscore the importance of further research to validate its predictive value and establish optimal cutoff values for risk stratification in this patient population.

Clinical Performance of Implant-Supported Prostheses in the Rehabilitation of Patients Previously Treated for Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ): A Systematic Review.

There is a lack of consensus on managing resultant bone and soft tissue defects or on restoring oral function and aesthetics following medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) lesion healing. This clinical challenge presents a dilemma for practitioners. Removable prostheses pose a recurrence risk if poorly fitted and may inadequately restore function or aesthetics in cases of significant bone defect. Dental implant-supported prostheses could enhance function and quality of life, though their risks and indications are not well-defined. This systematic review examines the clinical outcomes and complications associated with implant-supported rehabilitations post-MRONJ surgery. This study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement recommendations and it was pre-registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42023492539).

Embolization coils in treating postoperative bronchopleural fistula: a systematic review.

Objective: This study aims to comprehensively evaluate embolization coils in treating postoperative bronchopleural fistula (BPF). Methods: A systematic review based on PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library studies was conducted. All cases receiving embolization coils in treating postoperative BPF were included. The primary outcome was the efficacy of embolization coils in achieving closure of postoperative BPF. Results: 20 patients from 9 studies were included in this systematic review. A median number of 3 (range: 1-10) embolization coils with sealants obtained a complete closure rate of 80% in patients with postoperative BPF with sizes ranging from 2 to 3.1 mm. Three patients with BPF over 3 mm and one with multiple organ failure failed this treatment. Two cases of coil migration were reported without causing respiratory failure or fistula recurrence. Conclusion: Embolization coils might be considered a safe and effective bronchoscopic treatment for small postoperative BPF of less than 3 mm in size. More extensive and rigorous studies are needed to further evaluate and confirm the optimal use of embolization coils in the context of an alternative to surgical repair.

Harmonizing early intervention strategies: scoping review of clinical high risk for psychosis and borderline personality disorder.

Aims: To map studies assessing both clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) in clinical samples, focusing on clinical/research/preventive paradigms and proposing informed research recommendations. Methods: We conducted a PRISMA-ScR/JBI-compliant scoping review (protocol: https://osf.io/8mz7a) of primary research studies (cross-sectional/longitudinal designs) using valid measures/criteria to assess CHR-P and BPD (threshold/subthreshold) in clinical samples, reporting on CHR-P/psychotic symptoms and personality disorder(s) in the title/abstract/keywords, identified in Web of Science/PubMed/(EBSCO)PsycINFO until 23/08/2023. Results: 33 studies were included and categorized into four themes reflecting their respective clinical/research/preventive paradigm: (i) BPD as a comorbidity in CHR-P youth (k = 20), emphasizing early detection and intervention in psychosis; (ii) attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS) as a comorbidity among BPD inpatients (k = 2), with a focus on hospitalized adolescents/young adults admitted for non-psychotic mental disorders; (iii) mixed samples (k = 7), including descriptions of early intervention services and referral pathways; (iv) transdiagnostic approaches (k = 4) highlighting "clinical high at risk mental state" (CHARMS) criteria to identify a pluripotent risk state for severe mental disorders. Conclusion: The scoping review reveals diverse approaches to clinical care for CHR-P and BPD, with no unified treatment strategies. Recommendations for future research should focus on: (i) exploring referral pathways across early intervention clinics to promote timely intervention; (ii) enhancing early detection strategies in innovative settings such as emergency departments; (iii) improving mental health literacy to facilitate help-seeking behaviors; (iv) analysing comorbid disorders as complex systems to better understand and target early psychopathology; (v) investigating prospective risk for BPD; (vi) developing transdiagnostic interventions; (vii) engaging youth with lived experience of comorbidity to gain insight on their subjective experience; (viii) understanding caregiver burden to craft family-focused interventions; (ix) expanding research in underrepresented regions such as Africa and Asia, and; (x) evaluating the cost-effectiveness of early interventions to determine scalability across different countries. Systematic Review Registration: https://osf.io/8mz7a.

Comparing the Scores of The Functional Movement Screen™ in Individuals with Low Back Pain versus Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS™) is widely used to assess functional movement patterns and illuminate movement dysfunctions that may have a role in injury risk. However, the association between FMS™ scores and LBP remains uncertain. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine functional movement scores among patients with low back pain (LBP) and healthy subjects with no LBP and review the validity of the FMS™ tool for screening functional movement among LBP patients. Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis included papers assessing functional movement among adult patients with LBP using the FMS™ through a literature review of five databases. The search strategy focused used relevant keywords: Functional movement screen AND low back pain. The review included all papers assessing functional movement among LBP adult patients (>18 years old) using the FMS™ published between 2003 to 2023. The risk of bias in the involved studies was evaluated using the updated Cochrane ROB 2 tool. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager software, version 5.4. The meta-analysis included the total FMS™ score and the scores of the seven FMS™ movement patterns. Results: Seven studies were included in this systematic review were considered to have low to unclear risk of bias. The meta-analysis revealed that the LBP group had a significantly lower total FMS™ score than the control group by 1.81 points (95% CI (-3.02, -0.59), p= 0.004). Patients with LBP had a significantly lower score than the control group regarding FMS™ movement patterns, the deep squat (p <0.01), the hurdle step (p <0.01), the inline lunge (P value <0.01), the active straight leg raise (p <0.01), the trunk stability push-up (p=0.02), and the rotational stability screens (p <0.01). Conclusion: Lower scores on the FMS™ are associated with impaired functional movement. Identifying the specific functional movement impairments linked to LBP can assist in the creation of personalized treatment plans and interventions. Further research is needed to assess the association of cofounders, such as age, gender, and body mass index, with the FMS™ score among LBP patients and controls. Level of evidence: 1.