RESUMEN
This study investigated the flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and toxicological properties of the acetone-water fraction of stem bark of Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart. (TFSR). The total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity were determined, as typified by DPPHâ and ABTSâ+ radical scavenging abilities, Fe3+ reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), relative antioxidant capacity (RAC), and the inhibition of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARs) in Drosophila melanogaster tissue. Toxicity and locomotor functions were evaluated in adult D. melanogaster flies through aging and survival assays, startle-induced negative geotaxis, and centrophobic responses with video-assisted open field motion tracking. The flavonoid content of dry TFSR (DF) was 3.36 mg quercetin/g. Furthermore, the significant antioxidant activity of TFSR was revealed through scavenging 95.3% of the ABTSâ+ radical and 82.4% of the DPPHâ radical, as well reducing 74.7% of Fe3+ in the FRAP assay and 80% Mo6+ in the RAC assay. TFSR conferred 70.25% protection against lipid peroxidation in Drosophila tissue. Survival rates ranged from 84.65 to 103.98% in comparison to the non-supplemented control and no evident deterioration of locomotor functions and centrophobia responses was observed. These results revealed that TFSR has potent antioxidant activity and low toxicity in vivo, profiling TFSR as a promising natural product in the treatment/management of iron overload and associated conditions.
RESUMEN
The evaluation of the leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart. (EHCSR) was carried out to find an alternative treatment for parasitic diseases. EHCSR was prepared and used at four different concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125 µg/mL) in in vitro assays for activity against Leishmania promastigotes using the species Leishmania brasiliensis and Leishmania infantum and for trypanocidal activity using the epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. We also tested EHCSR for cytotoxicity against adhered cultured Murine J774 fibroblasts. The tests were performed in triplicate, and the percent mortality of parasites, IC50 and percent toxicity were determined. With regard to anti-leishmania activity against L. infantum, there was a mean mortality of 45% at all concentrations, and against L. brasiliensis, a substantial effect was seen at 1000 µg/mL with 56.38% mortality, where the IC50 values were 1338.76 and 987.35 µg/mL, respectively. Trypanocidal activity was notably high at 1000 µg/mL extract with 82.31% mortality of epimastigotes. Cytotoxicity at the highest extract concentrations of 500 and 1000 µg/mL was respectively 75.12% and 94.14%, with IC50 = 190.24 µg/mL. Despite that the extract has anti-parasitic activity, its substantial cytotoxicity against fibroblasts cells makes its systemic use nonviable as a therapeutic alternative.