As vacinas no Fantástico e no Domingo Espetacular durante a pandemia de covid-19 / Vaccines on Fantástico and Domingo Espetacular during the covid-19 pandemic

Resumo Desde 2016, o Brasil tem registrado queda nas taxas de cobertura das principais vacinas. São múltiplos os fatores que podem ter influência sobre esse cenário, incluindo o acesso aos imunizantes e a hesitação das pessoas em se vacinar. Durante a pandemia de covid-19, a circulação de informações sobre o tema aumentou de forma considerável. Nesse contexto, realizamos um estudo de matérias sobre vacinas exibidas no Fantástico, da TV Globo, e no Domingo Espetacular, da Record TV, entre março de 2020 e agosto de 2021, a fim de investigar como os programas - ambos dominicais e de infotainment, porém com linhas editoriais e públicos-alvo distintos - apresentaram e deram visibilidade à temática. O corpus de análise reuniu 110 matérias, totalizando 10 horas e 43 minutos, que foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo. De modo geral, as revistas eletrônicas televisivas estimularam a população a confiar nas vacinas, mas exageros e imprecisões foram vistos no programa da Record TV.

Abstract Brazil has been recording a decrease in the coverage rates of primary vaccines since 2016. Several factors can influence this scenario, including access to immunizers and people's hesitation to take vaccines. The exchange of information about the topic increased considerably during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we carried out an analysis of stories about vaccines shown on Fantástico, TV Globo, and on Domingo Espetacular, Record TV, from March 2020 to August 2021, aiming to investigate how both TV shows - both broadcast on Sundays and focused on infotainment, but with different editorial lines and audiences - presented the theme and provided visibility to it. The corpus analysis gathered 110 stories, a total of 10 hours and 43 minutes, submitted to content analysis. In general, the TV shows stimulated the population to trust the vaccines, but exaggerations and imprecisions were observed on the show on Record TV.

Mulheres muçulmanas e cuidado em saúde mental: Reflexões a partir da série 8 em Istambul / Muslim women and mental health care: Reflections from the series Ethos

Resumo Apesar do crescente interesse pela dimensão da religiosidade na área da saúde, muçulmanos têm sido negligenciados pelo campo psi. Por um lado, profissionais pouco conhecem essa religião e seus seguidores; por outro, a população muçulmana cresce tanto pelas reversões quanto por imigração/refúgio, e adentra nas clínicas psicológicas. Para suprir tal descompasso, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar pontos de atenção a serem considerados quando se trata da saúde mental de mulheres muçulmanas e das especificidades do cuidado direcionado a elas. Para tanto, tomou-se como disparador a série turca 8 em Istambul, que expõe os meandros de um atendimento psicológico a uma mulher muçulmana que usa hijab, o véu islâmico. A análise do corpus fez emergir três eixos reflexivos, que apontam: (1) a necessidade de psicoeducação da comunidade muçulmana diante das tensões e dos estigmas cristalizados; (2) o etnocentrismo e a islamofobia como obstáculos ao processo psicoterapêutico; e (3) a importância da escuta sensível para uma prática psicológica aberta à diversidade cultural-religiosa. Este estudo, em confluência com pesquisas etnográficas conduzidas em campo islâmico brasileiro, permite destacar possibilidades, desafios e aspectos éticos da relação entre religião e cuidado em saúde mental.

Abstract Despite the growing interest in the dimension of religiosity in the health area, Muslims have been neglected in the psychology field. Mental health professionals know little about this religion and its followers. However, the Muslim population is growing, both through reversions and immigration/refuge, leading them to seek psychological care services. To address this divergence, this article aims to present points that should be considered about Muslim women's mental health. To this end, we considered the Turkish series Ethos, which depicts the psychotherapeutic process of a Muslim woman who wears the hijab, the Islamic veil. The analysis of the corpus led to three axes, pointing to (a) the need for psychoeducation of the Muslim community in the face of tensions and stigmas; (b) ethnocentrism and Islamophobia as obstacles to the psychotherapeutic process; and (c) the importance of sensitive listening for a psychological practice open to cultural-religious diversity. The study, in confluence with ethnographic research conducted in the Brazilian Islamic field, allows us to highlight possibilities, challenges, and ethical aspects of the relationship between religion and mental health care.

Differentiating from TV Representations: Shame and the Process of Gay/Lesbian Identification Among Chilean Television Viewers.

The representation of gays and lesbians on Chilean television has increased steadily over the last decades. This paper offers an analysis of the role these images had in the processes of sexual identification of a sample of 25 members of the audience who identify as gays or lesbians. Through a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews, it is shown that the respondents believed that the televisual representations of homosexuality have contributed to further marginalize gay and lesbian lives. This strengthened damaging feelings that fed into a sense of shame that was originating from multiple institutions and texts, thus complicating their processes of self-recognition and self-acceptance during their childhood and adolescence. Taking examples of how participants described their relationship with these representations and the ways in which they circulated socially, it is argued that they could only articulate their identification as gays or lesbians by disassociating themselves from these images and establishing a clear difference in regard to them. This was in a process in which several other informational and experiential opportunities came into play, which allowed them to resignify the categories gay/lesbian and lead less conflictive processes of identification.

Saúde mental de idosos: uma análise da série Unidade Básica (2016) / Mental health of older adults: an analysis of the series Unidade Básica(2016) / Salud mental del las personas mayores: un análisis de la serie Unidade Básica (2016)

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar dois episódios da primeira temporada da Unidade Básica (2016), a fim de identificar sentidos sobre a saúde mental de idosos. Esta série televisiva foi divulgada pela Universal Channel e escrita por Helena Petta, Newton Cannito e Ana Petta. Apenas dois episódios compõem o corpus desta pesquisa; os outros foram desconsiderados por não abordarem o tema. O primeiro trata de Vilma, uma idosa que abandonou o autocuidado por causa da depressão, e o quarto fala sobre Eraldo, um idoso que ficou depressivo em razão de problemas financeiros, amorosos e alcoólicos. A análise de narrativas será utilizada como metodologia, possibilitando a identificação e a interpretação crítica dos sentidos sobre idosos e saúde mental. De forma geral, os resultados revelaram que os episódios não seguem uma visão holística, desconsiderando, portanto, a necessidade de cuidar da saúde física e mental das pessoas idosas para lhes proporcionar bem-estar.

This article aims to analyze two episodes of the first season of Unidade Básica (2016) in order to identify meanings about the mental health of older adults. This series was broadcast by Universal Channel and written by Helena Petta, Newton Cannito and Ana Petta. Only two episodes compose the corpus of this research; the others were disregarded because they do not deal with the theme. The first episode narrated the story of Vilma, an older woman who was depressed and then abandoned self-care. The fourth episode was about Eraldo, an older man who became depressed due to his financial, love and alcoholic problems. The narrative analysis was used as a methodology, enabling the identification and critical interpretation of meanings about older people and mental health. In general, the results reveal that the episodes do not follow a holistic view, disregarding the need to take care of physical and mental health to provide the well-being of them.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar dos episodios de la primera temporada de Unidade Básica(2016) con el fin de identificar significados sobre la salud mental de los adultos mayores. Esta serie fue transmitida por Universal Channel y escrita por Helena Petta, Newton Cannito y Ana Petta. Sólo dos episodios constituyen el corpus de esta investigación; los demás fueron descartados por no retratar el tema. El primer episodio narra la historia de Vilma, una mujer la tercera edad que abandonó el autocuidado a causa de su estado de depresión. El cuarto episodio fue sobre Eraldo, un hombre también de la tercera edad, que se deprimió por problemas económicos, amorosos y alcohólicos. Se utilizó como metodología el análisis narrativo, que permitió la identificación e interpretación crítica de significados sobre las personas mayores y la salud mental. En general, los resultados revelan que los dos episodios no siguen una visión holística, desconociendo la necesidad de cuidar de la salud física y mental para proporcionar bienestar a las personas mayores.

The Joint Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors on Adiposity during Adolescence: The 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Cohort Study.

A prior study conducted in high-income countries demonstrated that specific sedentary behavior, such as TV viewing, is prospectively associated with adiposity in both active and inactive adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the joint associations of sedentary behaviors and moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) with adiposity among Brazilian adolescents. This prospective cohort study included 377 participants of the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Study who completed an accelerometry assessment at age 13 years and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessment at age 18 years. Accelerometer-measured MVPA was dichotomized into high (≥60 min/day) and low (<60 min/day). Accelerometer-measured sedentary time (SED) was dichotomized into low (<49 min/h) and high (≥49 min/h) based on the median. Self-reported TV viewing time was also dichotomized into low (<3 h/day) and high (≥3 h/day) based on the median. We combined the two MVPA groups (high and low) and two SED groups (low and high) to form the four MVPA&SED groups: high&low, high&high, low&low, and low&high. We also created four MVPA&TV groups in the same manner. Fat mass index (FMI; kg/m2) was calculated using DXA-derived fat mass. Multivariable linear regression analyses compared FMI at 18 years among the four MVPA&SED groups and among the four MVPA&TV groups, adjusting for socioeconomic status, energy intake, and baseline adiposity. The analysis results showed that SED or TV viewing time was not prospectively associated with adiposity in both active and inactive Brazilian adolescents. This study suggests that the association between specific sedentary behaviors, such as TV viewing, and adiposity may differ across societal settings-in this case, high-income vs. middle-income countries.

A Putative New Role of Tv-PSP1 Recognizes IRE and ERE Hairpin Structures from Trichomonas vaginalis.

To understand whether protein Tv-PSP1 from Trichomonas vaginalis recognizes mRNA parasite stem-loop structures, we conducted REMSA and intrinsic fluorescence assays. We found the recombinant Tv-PSP1 structure, determined with X-ray crystallography, showed unusual thermal stability of the quaternary structure, associated with a disulfide bridge CYS76-CYS104. To gain deeper insight into the Tv-PSP1 interaction with mRNA stem-loops (mRNAsl) and its relationship with thermal stability, we also used an integrated computational protocol that combined molecular dynamics simulations, docking assays, and binding energy calculations. Docking models allowed us to determine a putative contact surface interaction region between Tv-PSP1 and mRNAsl. We determined the contributions of these complexes to the binding free energy (ΔGb) in the electrostatic (ΔGelec) and nonelectrostatic (ΔGnon-elec) components using the Adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann Solver (APBS) program. We are the first, to the best of our knowledge, to show the interaction between Tv-PSP1 and the stem-loop structures of mRNA.

Exposure to tobacco impressions during prime-time TV among Chilean minors by sex and socioeconomic status.

INTRODUCTION: We tested if tobacco impressions were delivered differentially to prime-time TV watching minors by sex and socioeconomic status. METHODS: Programs aired during prime-time for three random weeks in 2019 from the 15 highest audience channels in Chile were content-analyzed for the occurrence of tobacco for each one-minute interval of 92639 recorded. Such occurrences were categorized as actual use and whether they violated Chilean smoke-free law or tobacco brand appearances. We estimated the number of persons per hour (p/h) exposed to tobacco impressions for the 4 to 17 years age group by sex and socioeconomic status (SES). RESULTS: Minors spent over a billion p/h watching TV during the observation period. Minors were exposed to tobacco explicit use, branding and smoke-free violation impressions for 9.7 million, 1.2 million, and 1.0 million p/h, respectively. The odds ratios (OR) of exposure to total tobacco impressions were always greater among boys with higher SES compared to boys with low SES. However, they were greater among girls of low SES compared to those of high SES for all types of impressions. The OR of exposure to tobacco branding was higher among girls of any SES compared to boys of any SES. CONCLUSIONS: Minors need protection from tobacco imagery on television, particularly girls of low SES. To that end, new legislation should implement all measures to counter depictions of tobacco in entertainment media, as recommended in the WHO FCTC Article 13 guidelines. This should require strong anti-tobacco advertisements before any TV program portraying tobacco targeting minor audiences, particularly girls of low SES. Given that Chile has one of the highest prevalences in the world of current cigarette smoking among young females, the potential contribution of tobacco impressions on TV to smoking differentials across female socioeconomic groups should be further studied.

A Survey of Digital Television Interactivity Technologies.

This paper presents a survey of the worldwide use of Digital Television interactivity (DTVi) standards. First, we recall some concepts of first-generation interactivity middlewares released in the early 2000s, such as the European MHP (based on Java) and the Japanese BML (based on XML). Then, we cover the new standards (emerging after 2010) that introduced the new Integrated Broadcast Broadband (IBB) model, which combines broadcast signals with a broadband interface and leverages synergies to offer high-quality, flexible, interactive and customized services and applications to viewers. Regarding IBB systems, we also cover the main aspects of their architectures and innovations introduced by this kind of technology, such as support to companion devices, e.g., smartphones, tablets, targeted advertisements, and integration with Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. Finally, we show the current adoption of different IBB systems around the world as well as current challenges regarding IBB technologies.

Using Stronge Teacher Evaluation System to Assess the Effectiveness Level of Mr. Brown as an EFL Teacher in the Mind Your Language TV Show: An Attempt to Validate a Reflective Tool to Train Preservice EFL Teachers.

To develop a reflective tool for promoting teacher effectiveness among preservice EFL teachers, this article seeks to investigate the effectiveness degree of an EFL teacher as it is being depicted in a popular TV show. This is conducted using the Stronge teacher evaluation system to assess the main character's level of effectiveness as an EFL teacher (Mr. Brown) in the Mind Your Language TV show. Drawing upon the intersection of the character's effectiveness within the framework of characterization, representation, and perceived realism theory, a qualitative research method involving seven performance indicators of the Stronge teacher evaluation system was adopted to assess the main character. The findings showed that the character is a highly effective EFL teacher because his personal and professional characteristics are evidenced in the evaluation system's seven performance standards. This suggests that the Show can be used as a reflective tool by preservice EFL teachers to construct and enhance their professional identities and instructional practices. This work contributes to the existing knowledge of teachers' representation in movies and its implication in preservice EFL education by providing the first study on the representation of EFL teachers in a TV show. A future research direction is also presented.

Singularizar una muerte digna / Singularize a dignified death

¿Pueden las ficciones televisivas devenir una vía regia para abordar el espinoso problema de la "buena muerte" ­euthanasía­? La Ley de Muerte Digna promulgada en Argentina en 2012 y aplicada por primera vez en 2015 integra el grupo de los llamados "nuevos derechos". Su adecuada comprensión y aplicación requiere de conocimientos del campo jurídico y de la subjetividad. Este artículo analiza un episodio de la primera temporada de la serie Ps! (Calligaris, HBO, 2014). Se trata del caso de una anciana que transita una enfermedad irreversible, y cuyos hijos no acuerdan cómo encarar la fase final de su vida. La entrada de un psicoanalista en la situación permite un movimiento que ejemplifica el valor singular de la asunción del derecho a la muerte digna. Lo que proponemos con la fórmula: Singularizar un derecho.

Can television fictions become a royal way to tackle the thorny problem of the "good death" - euthanasia -? The Dignified Death Law enacted in Argentina in 2012 and applied for the first time in 2015 is part of the group of so-called "new rights". Its proper understanding and application requires knowledge of the legal field and subjectivity. This article analyzes an episode of the first season of the series Ps! (Calligaris, HBO, 2014). This is the case of an old woman who is experiencing an irreversible disease, and whose children do not agree on how to face the final phase of her life. The entry of a psychoanalyst into the situation allows a movement that exemplifies the singular value of the assumption of the right to a dignified death. What we propose with the formula: Singularize a right.

Body dissatisfaction and its association with domains of physical activity and of sedentary behavior in a sample of 15,632 adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: Body image is widely related to behavioral factors in adolescents and negative levels has been associated to poor physical and mental health. This study analyzed the association of physical activity and sedentary behavior with body dissatisfaction in adolescents. METHODS: Data from 15,632 adolescents between 11 and 17 years from the Brazilian National Scholar Health Survey - PeNSE 2015 were analyzed. Body dissatisfaction was self-reported. Sedentary behavior was assessed by hours in television (TV) viewing and in overall sitting behaviors. Physical activity was assessed by amount of time in domains of active commuting, physical education classes at school, and physical activities outside the school. Analyses were adjusted by age, ethnicity, body mass index, and scholarity of mother. RESULTS: Body dissatisfaction prevalence was 18.5%, being higher in girls than boys (24.2 vs. 12.7%, p < 0.001). Female gender (OR = 2.35), higher age-group (OR = 1.64), high scholarity of mother (OR = 1.43), and had overweight/obesity (OR = 2.38/4.81) were positively related to body dissatisfaction. Higher sedentary time was associated with body dissatisfaction in adolescents when compared to less than 2 h/day of sedentary time (OR varying from 1.45 to 2.14). Physical activity was negatively associated with adolescent body dissatisfaction in all assessed domains, with odds ratio varying from 0.66 to 0.89. CONCLUSIONS: Body dissatisfaction showed an independent association of with total sedentary behavior (positively) and with different domains of physical activity (negatively) in a large scholar sample of Brazilian adolescents.

Allometric constraints and competition enable the simulation of size structure and carbon fluxes in a dynamic vegetation model of tropical forests (LM3PPA-TV).

Tropical forests are a key determinant of the functioning of the Earth system, but remain a major source of uncertainty in carbon cycle models and climate change projections. In this study, we present an updated land model (LM3PPA-TV) to improve the representation of tropical forest structure and dynamics in Earth system models (ESMs). The development and parameterization of LM3PPA-TV drew on extensive datasets on tropical tree traits and long-term field censuses from Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. The model defines a new plant functional type (PFT) based on the characteristics of shade-tolerant, tropical tree species, implements a new growth allocation scheme based on realistic tree allometries, incorporates hydraulic constraints on biomass accumulation, and features a new compartment for tree branches and branch fall dynamics. Simulation experiments reproduced observed diurnal and seasonal patterns in stand-level carbon and water fluxes, as well as mean canopy and understory tree growth rates, tree size distributions, and stand-level biomass on BCI. Simulations at multiple sites captured considerable variation in biomass and size structure across the tropical forest biome, including observed responses to precipitation and temperature. Model experiments suggested a major role of water limitation in controlling geographic variation forest biomass and structure. However, the failure to simulate tropical forests under extreme conditions and the systematic underestimation of forest biomass in Paleotropical locations highlighted the need to incorporate variation in hydraulic traits and multiple PFTs that capture the distinct floristic composition across tropical domains. The continued pressure on tropical forests from global change demands models which are able to simulate alternative successional pathways and their pace to recovery. LM3PPA-TV provides a tool to investigate geographic variation in tropical forests and a benchmark to continue improving the representation of tropical forests dynamics and their carbon storage potential in ESMs.

Clube Atlético Mineiro e Cruzeiro Esporte Clube como experiência de lazer em bares da cidade de Montes Claros

Resumo Este artigo objetivou analisar o contexto social associado ao lazer nos jogos do Clube Atlético Mineiro e do Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, em bares de Montes Claros (MG), em 2016/17, com o uso de observação e aplicação de questionário semiestruturado. As análises convergiram em direção aos estudos de Gastaldo (2005a, 2005b), em Porto Alegre; Azevedo e Santos (2008) e Barral (2012), em Brasília; Origuela e Silva (2013) e Origuela (2014), em Piracicaba; e Abrantes (2015), em Belo Horizonte. Apesar da distância, a assistência aos jogos foi similar. Em Montes Claros, reduto de atleticanos e cruzeirenses, o bar assemelha-se a um estádio, torna-se um local de lazer da cidade.

Abstract This article aimed to analyze the social context associated with leisure in the matches of Clube Atlético Mineiro and Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, in bars of Montes Claros-MG, in the years 2016/17, using observation and application of semi-structured questionnaire. The analyzes converged towards the studies of Gastaldo (2005a, 2005b), in Porto Alegre; Azevedo and Santos (2008) and Barral (2012), in Brasília; Origuela and Silva (2013) and Origuela (2014), in Piracicaba; and Abrantes (2015), in Belo Horizonte. Despite the distance, the attendance at matches was similar. In Montes Claros, a stronghold of fans of both clubs, the bar resembles a stadium, becoming a place of leisure of the city.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar el contexto social asociado con el ocio en los partidos del Club Atlético Mineiro y del Cruzeiro Esporte Clube en bares de Montes Claros-MG, en los años 2016 y 2017, utilizando la observación y la aplicación del cuestionario semiestructurado. Los análisis convergieron hacia los estudios de Gastaldo (2005a, 2005b) en Porto Alegre; Azevedo y Santos (2008) y Barral (2012) en Brasilia; Origuela y Silva (2013), y Origuela (2014) en Piracicaba, y Abrantes (2015) en Belo Horizonte. A pesar de la distancia, la asistencia a los partidos fue similar. En Montes Claros, bastión de los hinchas de los dos clubes, el bar se parece a un estadio, pues se convierte en un lugar de ocio de la ciudad.

A propaganda e os traços de personalidade em crianças / The propaganda and personality traits in children

O ato de consumir gradativamente tem se tornado sinônimo de felicidade, status e realização. A publicidade utiliza da comunicação para propagar suas ações criando novas necessidades de aquisição ocasionando efeitos de alegria e satisfação. Neste sentido, este enquadre poderia estar relacionado à consolidação de traços de personalidade nas crianças, considerando que estas se encontram em fase de desenvolvimento, ou seja, no processo de direcionamento dos traços de personalidade. Sendo assim, o presente estudo contou com a participação de 50 crianças com idade entre seis e 12 anos (M=9,31; DP=1,33), sendo 54% do sexo feminino e os respectivos responsáveis, por meio da aplicação de um questionário com questões relacionadas ao consumo de propaganda, além da Escala de Traços de Personalidade para Crianças (ETPC) com o objetivo de verificar tal correlação. Os resultados indicaram correlação positiva de magnitude moderada do tempo de exposição à televisão com o traço de psicoticismo (0,47) e negativa de magnitude baixa com socialização (-0,36) indicando relação com os direcionamentos dos traços em sua formação.

Advertising uses of communication to propagate their actions creating new needs for acquisition, causing effects of joy and satisfaction. In this sense, this framework could be related to consolidation of personality traits in children, considering that they are in the development phase, i.e. the process of targeting of personality traits. Thus, the present study had the participation of 50 children aged between six and 12 years (Average =9,31; Standard Deviation =1,33), being 54% female and the respective responsible, through the application of a questionnaire with questions related to advertising, consumption beyond the Escala de Traços de Personalidade para Crianças (ETPC) in order to verify such a correlation. The results showed positive correlation of moderate magnitude of exposure time on TV with the Psychoticism dash (0.47) and low magnitude with negative socialization (-0.36) indicating the directions of strokes in your training.

Regulamentação de propagandas de alimentos veiculadas em canais de televisão abertos / Regulation of advertising of vehiculated foods in open television channels

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a regulamentação de propagandas de alimentos veiculadas em canais abertos de televisão. A pesquisa foi realizada em domicílio, através de um aparelho televisivo, durante 2 meses assistiu-se três emissoras de televisão de canal aberto tratadas como A, B e C no horário de: 08:00 às 12h, 17:00 às 18:00 e 19:00 às 22:00 horas de segunda a domingo, onde nesse intervalo foram anotadas todas e quaisquer propagandas que eram anunciadas sobre alimentação ou bebidas alcoólicas. Durante o período da coleta de dados, registrou-se um total de 127 propagandas de alimentos, onde a emissora A, obteve um total de 105 (83%), emissora B 12 (9%) e emissora C 10 (8%). Dentre as 127 propagandas assistidas durante o período de coleta, 62 foram registradas uma única vez, por conseguinte 65 propagandas foram repetidas. O estudo evidenciou que o regulamento técnico não tem sido cumprido. Ainda permitiu identificar que produtos com excesso de açúcar, sódio, gorduras e bebidas de baixo teor nutricional são largamente propagandeados pelos canais, revelando que propagandas publicitárias de alimentos exercem ampla influência sobre a alimentação da população de pessoas de todas as faixas etárias

The objective of this study was to evaluate the regulation of food advertising on open television channels. The survey was conducted at home, through a television set, during two months, three open channel television stations were treated as A, B and C from 08:00 a.m. to 12 p.m., 5:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. from Monday to Sunday, where in this interval were noted any advertisements that were advertised on food or alcoholic beverages. During the period of data collection, a total of 127 food advertisements were recorded, where the station A received a total of 105 (83%), B 12 (9%) and C 10 (8%). Of the 127 advertisements assisted during the collection period 62 were recorded only once, therefore 65 advertisements were repeated. The study showed that the technical regulation has not been complied with. It also allowed to identify that products with excess sugar, sodium, fats and drinks of low nutritional content are widely propagandized by the channels, revealing that advertising of foods exert a great influence on the feeding of the population of people of all the age groups.

Association of sedentary behavior and metabolic syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association of sedentary behavior (SB) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults, as well as to identify the impact of physical inactivity and economic condition on such association. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS: This study was conducted in the city of Bauru, São Paulo State, Brazil (n = 970). Television (TV) viewing and physical activity (PA) were assessed by questionnaire. MetS was assessed via medical records. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used in data analyses. RESULTS: Participants with moderate TV viewing were associated with MetS when compared with low TV viewing group, even after adjustments for age, sex, economic status, smoking, and PA (odds ratio [OR] = 1.49 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.01-2.20]). The fully adjusted model showed an association between high exposure to TV viewing with MetS (OR = 1.77 [95%CI: 1.11-2.82]). The combination of physical inactivity and high TV viewing boosted the likelihood of having MetS (OR = 1.89 [95%CI: 1.08-3.29]). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that moderate and high TV viewing time is associated with the presence of MetS, mainly in insufficiently active adults and those living in lower economic condition.

Empathy and autonomic and hemodynamic cardiac responses / Empatia e Respostas Hemodinâmicas e Autonômicas Cardíacas

Abstract Hemodynamic and autonomic responses have been used as sensitive indicators of cardiovascular health in situations involving emotions. However, few studies evaluated these indicators when feelings result from vicarious experiences. This research aimed to verify if empathy measures would be associated with variations in blood pressure, heart rate, rate pressure product, and heart rate variability in young adults, after exposure to experimental situations. Results point out that hemodynamic and autonomic cardiac indicators were associated with dispositional and situational empathy. These results are discussed based on Martin Hoffman's theory and in the light of recent findings in the field of Psychophysiology.

Resumo Respostas hemodinâmicas e autonômicas têm sido utilizadas como indicadores sensíveis da saúde cardiovascular durante situações de cunho emocional. Todavia, ainda são escassos os trabalhos que avaliam esses indicadores quando os sentimentos produzidos ocorrem a partir de experiências vicárias. O presente estudo objetivou verificar se medidas de empatia estariam associadas a variações nos indicadores de pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca, duplo produto e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em jovens adultos, após sua exposição a situações-estímulo. Os resultados indicam que indicadores hemodinâmicos e autonômicos cardíacos estiveram associados a componentes da empatia situacional e da empatia constitucional. Estes resultados são discutidos com base na teoria de Martin Hoffman e a partir de achados recentes no campo da Psicofisiologia.

Nuevas áreas de vida ­ Revisión muerte súbita 2018 / New areas of life ­ Sudden death review 2018

Una de cada cinco muertes en adultos en países desarrollados se debe a causas cardiovasculares; la mitad de esas muertes se produce de forma súbita y un gran porcentaje en el ámbito extrahospitalario. Las medidas de prevención se dividen en: aquellas destinadas a prevenir en primer lugar que el evento de muerte súbita cardíaca suceda, y aquellas cuyo objetivo es actuar en el momento en que el evento de muerte súbita está sucediendo. Las primeras tienen como objetivo disminuir las principales causas de muerte súbita en países desarrollados: las cardiopatías estructurales (cuya principal causa es la enfermedad coronaria). En este sentido, con el fin de intentar paliar el desarrollo de una cardiopatía que predisponga a la aparición de arritmias fatales y la MSC, se implementan medidas de prevención primarias higiénico-dietéticas y farmacológicas (con el objetivo de disminuir y el controlar los factores de riesgo) y, en aquellos con enfermedad cardiovascular ya establecida, se implementan las estrategias secundarias farmacológicas y/o quirúrgicas (revascularización, reemplazo valvular, etc.). El segundo abordaje surge del hecho de que, a pesar de todas estas medidas, un gran número de pacientes presentará eventos arrítmicos en el ámbito extrahospitalario (MSCEH), ya sea porque aunque recibieron el tratamiento óptimo presentan aún un elevado riesgo de MSC, porque no fueron diagnosticados a tiempo o porque a pesar de haber hecho estudios complementarios el diagnóstico es muy dificultoso. Existen dos estrategias: la primera son los dispositivos de cardiodesfibrilación implantables (o, más recientes, los chalecos vestibles). Estos aparatos están indicados para una población seleccionada, sea por haber presentado ya un episodio de muerte súbita abortado, o por presentar una cardiopatía (estructural o genética) que predisponga a una mayor probabilidad de sufrir un evento. La segunda estrategia es la educación y el desarrollo de programas de salud pública que permitan capacitar a la población general en la realización de RCP y el uso de desfibriladores automáticos externos (DEAs), los cuales deberían estar disponibles en cualquier lugar público. Múltiples estudios demostraron que el acceso de la población general al aprendizaje de maniobras de RCP sencillas y pragmáticas y la presencia de DEAs se traduce en un gran aumento de sobrevida sin secuelas en víctimas de MSCEH. (AU)

One of every five deaths in adults is due to cardiovascular causes, in developed countries, and half of these deaths will occur suddenly. A large percentage occur in the out of hospital setting, so measures to prevent it are divided into: those designed to prevent, in the first place, the sudden cardiac death event from happening and those whose purpose is to act when the sudden death event that has already occurred and it´s ongoing. The first aims to reduce the main causes of sudden death in developed countries: structural heart disease (with coronary heart disease as its main cause). In this regard, with the purpose to mitigate the development of a heart disease that predisposes the occurrence of fatal arrhythmias and SCD, we have primary prevention measures, like healthy life style conduct with or without pharmacological treatment, (whose objective is the reduction and control of cardiovascular risk factors) and, in those with cardiovascular disease already established, there is an implementation of pharmacological and / or surgical strategies (Revascularization, valve replacement, etc.). The second objective arises from the fact that, despite all these preventive and therapeutic measures, a large number of patients will present out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) either because although they received optimal treatment they still remain in high risk of SCD, even because they were not diagnosed on time, or because despite having complementary studies made the diagnosis is very difficult. There are two well strategies: the first are implantable cardio-defibrillation devices (or, more recently, wearable vests). These are indicated for a selected population, either because they have already presented an episode of sudden aborted death, or because they have heart disease (structural or genetic), which predisposes to a greater probability of suffering an event. The second strategy is the education and development of public health programs that enable the general population to be trained in CPR and the use of external automatic defibrillators. (AEDs) should be available in any public place. Multiple studies showed that access to the general population for learning simple and pragmatic CPR maneuvers and the presence of AEDs is making an impact on a significant increase in survival without consequences in OHCA victims. (AU)

Uso de pantallas en niños pequeños en una ciudad de Argentina / Screen use among young children in a city of Argentina

La utilización de dispositivos móviles se ha generalizado en las familias, en todas las clases sociales y desde edades tempranas. Objetivos: Evaluar el uso de pantallas fijas y móviles en niños pequeños, el tiempo dedicado a actividades infantiles tradicionales y su relación con el nivel educativo materno. Material y métodos: Diseño descriptivo, transversal. Población: niños de 6 meses a 5 años atendidos en Río Cuarto, Córdoba, de julio a septiembre de 2016. Variables: demográficas, ingreso familiar, edad de comienzo, frecuencia de uso, minutos diarios, otras actividades. Resultados: Se incluyeron 160 encuestas; 99% de los hogares tenía televisión y 98,75%, smartphones. Promedio de aparatos electrónicos: 5,68; los de menores ingresos: 5,1 (DE 1,57); y los de mayores ingresos: 6,32 (DE 1,18) (p = 0,0000). Antes de los 2 años, 80,3% de los niños miraba televisión y 37,4% utilizaba pantallas táctiles con ayuda. Entre 2 y 4 años, 38,7% utilizaba pantallas sin ayuda. El 93% de los niños miró televisión y el 56% utilizó pantallas móviles con mucha frecuencia. Miraron un promedio de 75,6 minutos diarios de televisión y utilizaron otras pantallas 31,3 minutos; la lectura ocupó 20,4 minutos. Las madres con estudios terciarios dedicaron más tiempo a la lectura de libros que las que tenían estudios secundarios o primarios (análisis de la varianza: p = 0,00007). Conclusiones: El equipamiento tecnológico de los hogares es prácticamente universal; la exposición de los niños a las pantallas es temprana. La televisión es más utilizada, pero las pantallas móviles ocupan un tiempo importante. Las madres con estudios superiores dedican más tiempo a la lectura.

The use of mobile devices has become ubiquitous in the family, across all social strata, and from an early age.Objectives: To assess the use of mobile and fixed screens among young children, the time spent doing traditional childhood activities, and the relationship to the maternal level of education. Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional design. Population:Children aged 6 months to 5 years seen in Río Cuarto, Córdoba, between July and September 2016. Outcome measures: Demographics, family income, age at initiation, frequency of use, daily minutes, other activities. Results: 160 surveys were included; 99% of households had a TV and 98.75%, a smartphone. Average number of electronic devices: 5.68; among lower income households: 5.1 (standard deviation [SD]: 1.57); and among higher income households: 6.32 (SD: 1.18) (p = 0.0000).By the age of 2, 80.3% of children watched TV and 37.4% used touchscreen devices with help. Between 2 and 4 years old, 38.7% used screens without help.Also, 93% of children watched TV and 56% used mobile screens very frequently. Children watched TV for an average of 75.6 daily minutes and used other screens for 31.3 minutes, whereas reading only accounted for 20.4 minutes. Mothers who had completed tertiary education spent more time reading books than those who had completed primary or secondary education (analysis of variance: p = 0.00007). Conclusions: Household technological equipment is practically universal; children's exposure to screens starts at an early age. TV is the most commonly used screen although mobile screens take up a significant time. Mothers who had completed higher education spent more time reading.

Screen use among young children in a city of Argentina. / Uso de pantallas en niños pequeños en una ciudad de Argentina.

INTRODUCTION: The use of mobile devices has become ubiquitous in the family, across all social strata, and from an early age. OBJECTIVES: To assess the use of mobile and fixed screens among young children, the time spent doing traditional childhood activities, and the relationship to the maternal level of education. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive, crosssectional design. POPULATION: Children aged 6 months to 5 years seen in Río Cuarto, Córdoba, between July and September 2016. OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographics, family income, age at initiation, frequency of use, daily minutes, other activities. RESULTS: 160 surveys were included; 99% of households had a TV and 98.75%, a smartphone. Average number of electronic devices: 5.68; among lower income households: 5.1 (standard deviation [SD]: 1.57); and among higher income households: 6.32 (SD: 1.18) (p = 0.0000). By the age of 2, 80.3% of children watched TV and 37.4% used touchscreen devices with help. Between 2 and 4 years old, 38.7% used screens without help. Also, 93% of children watched TV and 56% used mobile screens very frequently. Children watched TV for an average of 75.6 daily minutes and used other screens for 31.3 minutes, whereas reading only accounted for 20.4 minutes. Mothers who had completed tertiary education spent more time reading books than those who had completed primary or secondary education (analysis of variance: p = 0.00007). CONCLUSIONS: Household technological equipment is practically universal; children's exposure to screens starts at an early age. TV is the most commonly used screen although mobile screens take up a significant time. Mothers who had completed higher education spent more time reading.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La utilización de dispositivos móviles se ha generalizado en las familias, en todas las clases sociales y desde edades tempranas. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar el uso de pantallas fijas y móviles en niños pequeños, el tiempo dedicado a actividades infantiles tradicionales y su relación con el nivel educativo materno. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Diseño descriptivo, transversal. POBLACIÓN: niños de 6 meses a 5 años atendidos en Río Cuarto, Córdoba, de julio a septiembre de 2016. VARIABLES: demográficas, ingreso familiar, edad de comienzo, frecuencia de uso, minutos diarios, otras actividades. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 160 encuestas; 99% de los hogares tenía televisión y 98,75%, smartphones. Promedio de aparatos electrónicos: 5,68; los de menores ingresos: 5,1 (DE 1,57); y los de mayores ingresos: 6,32 (DE 1,18) (p = 0,0000).Antes de los 2 años, 80,3% de los niños miraba televisión y 37,4% utilizaba pantallas táctiles con ayuda. Entre 2 y 4 años, 38,7% utilizaba pantallas sin ayuda. El 93% de los niños miró televisión y el 56% utilizó pantallas móviles con mucha frecuencia. Miraron un promedio de 75,6 minutos diarios de televisión y utilizaron otras pantallas 31,3 minutos; la lectura ocupó 20,4 minutos. Las madres con estudios terciarios dedicaron más tiempo a la lectura de libros que las que tenían estudios secundarios o primarios (análisis de la varianza: p = 0,00007). CONCLUSIONES: El equipamiento tecnológico de los hogares es prácticamente universal; la exposición de los niños a las pantallas es temprana. La televisión es más utilizada, pero las pantallas móviles ocupan un tiempo importante. Las madres con estudios superiores dedican más tiempo a la lectura.