Investigation on humic substance and tetracycline interaction mechanism: biophysical and theoretical studies and assessing their effect on biological activity.

Tetracycline (TC) is a widely used antibiotic, and evaluating its interaction with humic substances (HS) that act as a complexing agent in the environment is essential to understanding the availability of this contaminant in the environment. This study evaluated the interaction between HS and TC using different spectroscopic techniques, theoretical studies, and biological assays simulating environmental conditions. TC interacts with HS, preferably by electrostatic forces, with a binding constant of 9.2 × 103 M-1 (30 °C). This process induces conformational changes in the superstructure, preferably in the HS, like protein fraction. Besides, studies using the 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) probe indicated that the antibiotic alters the hydrophobicity degree on HS's surface. Synchronized fluorescence shows that the TC interaction occurs preferentially with the protein-like fraction of soil organic matter (KSV = 26.28 ± 1.03 M-1). The TC epitope was evaluated by 1H NMR and varied according to the pH (4.8 and 9.0) of the medium, as well as the main forces responsible for the stabilization of the HS-TC complex. The molecular docking studies showed that the formation of the HS-TC complex is carried out spontaneously (ΔG = -7.1 kcal mol-1) and is stabilized by hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions, as observed in the experimental spectroscopic results. Finally, biological assays indicated that HS influenced the antimicrobial activity of TC. Thus, this study contributed to understanding the dynamics and distribution of TC in the environment and HS's potential in the remediation of antibiotics of this class in natural systems, as these can have adverse effects on ecosystems and human health.

Using the Response Surface Methodology for Periodontitis Diagnosis / Uso da Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta para Diagnóstico de Periodontite

Response surface methodology (RSM) consists of mathematical and statistical techniques to develop models which help to understand the influence of various factors on a dependent variable of interest. The feasibility of RSM use to detect cases of periodontitis and its correlated factors has not yet been evaluated. This study developed mathematical models for periodontitis diagnosis independent of periodontal probing using the RSM. Demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, systemic, local factors, and periodontitis were assessed in 176 volunteers. Periodontitis case was defined according to three different definitions: 1) ≥3 sites with clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥4 mm; 2) at least one site with CAL ≥4 mm and bleeding on probing; 3) ≥2 proximal sites with CAL ≥3 mm and ≥2 proximal sites with probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm (not on the same tooth) OR 1 site with PD ≥5 mm. 4th-degree polynomial equations showed high coefficients of determination (R²= 1) and were used to represent the mathematical models of periodontitis cases. According to definition 1, the diagnosis of periodontitis was accurate by including in the model: age, sex, education level, plaque index (PI), number of missing teeth, previous hygiene instructions, and body mass index (BMI). According to definition 2, the diagnosis of periodontitis was accurate by including in the model: age, sex, education level, income, PI, previous oral hygiene instructions, frequency of brushing and type of toothbrush, and use of mouthwash in the model. For an accurate diagnosis of periodontitis according to definition 3, the model included: age, education level, IP, number of missing teeth, previous oral hygiene instruction, BMI, and diabetes. The multifactorial mathematical models were able to diagnosis periodontitis according to different periodontitis case definitions using only variables of easy evaluation and non-invasive. (AU)

A metodologia de superfície de resposta (MSR) consiste em técnicas matemáticas e estatísticas para desenvolver modelos que ajudam a entender a influência de vários fatores em uma variável dependente de interesse. A viabilidade do uso da MSR para detectar casos de periodontite e seus fatores correlacionados ainda não foi avaliada. Este estudo desenvolveu modelos matemáticos para diagnóstico de periodontite independente da sondagem periodontal usando a MSR. Fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos, comportamentais, sistêmicos, locais e periodontite foram avaliados em 176 voluntários. O caso de periodontite foi definido de acordo com três definições diferentes: 1) ≥3 locais com nível de inserção clínica (NIC) ≥4 mm; 2) Um local com NIC ≥4 mm e sangramento à sondagem; 3) ≥2 locais proximais com NIC ≥3 mm e ≥2 locais proximais com profundidade de sondagem (PS) ≥4 mm (não no mesmo dente) OU 1 local com PS ≥5 mm. Equações polinomiais de 4º grau apresentaram altos coeficientes de determinação (R²= 1) e foram utilizadas para representar os modelos matemáticos dos casos de periodontite. De acordo com a definição 1, o diagnóstico de periodontite foi preciso ao incluir no modelo: idade, sexo, escolaridade, índice de placa (IP), número de dentes perdidos, instruções de higiene anteriores e índice de massa corporal (IMC). De acordo com a definição 2, o diagnóstico de periodontite foi preciso ao incluir no modelo: idade, sexo, escolaridade, renda, IP, instruções prévias de higiene bucal, frequência de escovação e tipo de escova dental e uso de enxaguatório bucal no modelo. Para um diagnóstico preciso de periodontite de acordo com a definição 3, o modelo incluiu: idade, escolaridade, IP, número de dentes perdidos, instrução prévia de higiene oral, IMC e diabetes. Os modelos matemáticos multifatoriais foram capazes de diagnosticar a periodontite de acordo com diferentes definições de casos de periodontite usando apenas variáveis de fácil avaliação e não invasivas. (AU)

Procrastination in University Students: A Proposal of a Theoretical Model.

Procrastination is a phenomenon that affects university students and consists of not finishing a task or finishing it late, which has a direct impact on their academic performance. This is relevant because, in a context of high competition, higher education institutions and their decision-makers need to be aware of the factors that influence university students' procrastination in order to implement actions that favor student attraction and retention. Based on the above, this research aims to propose a theoretical model of procrastination in university students, based on the literature review and content validation assessment through a semi-structured questionnaire. The proposed model is made up of nine dimensions: Psychological, Physiological, Social, Academic, Leisure, Time Management, Resources, Labor, and Environmental. Dimensions were obtained based on adequate levels of content validity provided by the literature and the questionnaire. In the future, the research proposes to study the way in which these dimensions are present in procrastination and design a scale that allows for their measurement.

Monitoring COVID-19 in Colombia during the first year of the pandemic.

Background: COVID-19 cases in Medellín, the second largest city in Colombia, were monitored during the first year of the pandemic using both mathematical models based on transmission theory and surveillance from each observed epidemic phase. Design and Methods: Expected cases were estimated using mandatory reporting data from Colombia's national epidemiological surveillance system from March 7, 2020 to March 7, 2021. Initially, the range of daily expected cases was estimated using a Borel-Tanner stochastic model and a deterministic Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) model. A subsequent expanded version of the SIR model was used to include asymptomatic cases, severe cases and deaths. The moving average, standard deviation, and goodness of fit of estimated cases relative to confirmed reported cases were assessed, and local transmission in Medellin was contrasted with national transmission in Colombia. Results: The initial phase was characterized by imported case detection and the later phase by community transmission and increases in case magnitude and severity. In the initial phase, a maximum range of expected cases was obtained based on the stochastic model, which even accounted for the reduction of new imported cases following the closure of international airports. The deterministic estimate achieved an adequate fit with respect to accumulated cases until the conclusion of the mandatory national quarantine and gradual reopening, when reported cases increased. The estimated new cases were reasonably fit with the maximum reported incidence. Conclusion: Adequate model fit was obtained with the reported data. This experience of monitoring epidemic trajectory can be extended using models adapted to local conditions.

Modelo teórico explicativo de la discapacidad moderada y grave por migraña

RESUMEN Introducción: la migraña es una enfermedad frecuente y discapacitante, sin embargo, existen pocas investigaciones sobre los factores predictivos de la discapacidad. Objetivo: crear un modelo teórico explicativo de la interrelación dinámica entre los factores asociados a la discapacidad por migraña y a su vez la relación individual de cada uno de estos factores con la discapacidad. Métodos: para la realización de esta investigación se asumió el enfoque racionalista-deductivo como postura epistemológica, y los métodos hipotético-deductivo y sistémico-estructural para su consecución. Resultados: se expusieron elementos teóricos reveladores de la compleja relación que existe entre la discapacidad por migraña y sus factores determinantes. Conclusiones: se creó un modelo explicativo de la interrelación dinámica entre los diferentes factores con influencia independiente sobre la discapacidad por migraña y a su vez la relación individual de cada uno de estos factores con la discapacidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: migraine is a common and disabling disease, however, there is little research on the predictive factors of disability. Objective: to create an explanatory theoretical model of the dynamic interrelation between the factors associated with migraine disability and, in turn, the individual relationship of each of these factors with disability. Methods: to carry out this research, the rationalist-deductive approach was assumed as an epistemological position, and the hypothetical-deductive and systemic-structural methods were used to achieve it. Results: revealing theoretical elements of the complex relationship that exists between disability due to migraine and its determining factors were exposed. Conclusions: an explanatory model of the dynamic interrelation between the different factors with independent influence on migraine disability and, in turn, the individual relationship of each of these factors with disability was created.

RESUMO Introdução: a enxaqueca é uma doença comum e incapacitante, entretanto, há poucas pesquisas sobre os fatores preditivos de incapacidade. Objetivo: criar um modelo teórico explicativo da inter-relação dinâmica entre os fatores associados à incapacidade da enxaqueca e, por sua vez, a relação individual de cada um desses fatores com a incapacidade. Métodos: para a realização desta pesquisa, assumiu-se como posição epistemológica a abordagem racionalista-dedutiva, e para alcançá-la foram utilizados os métodos hipotético-dedutivo e sistêmico-estrutural. Resultados: foram expostos elementos teóricos reveladores da complexa relação que existe entre a incapacidade por enxaqueca e seus fatores determinantes. Conclusões: foi criado um modelo explicativo da inter-relação dinâmica entre os diferentes fatores com influência independente na incapacidade da enxaqueca e, por sua vez, a relação individual de cada um desses fatores com a incapacidade.

Association between socio-environmental factors, coverage by family health teams, and rainfall in the spatial distribution of Zika virus infection in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2015 and 2016.

BACKGROUND: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection caused outbreak in Brazil, in 2015 and 2016. Disorganized urban growth, facilitates the concentration of numerous susceptible and infected individuals. It is useful to understand the mechanisms that can favor the increase in ZIKV incidence, such as areas with wide socioeconomic and environmental diversity. Therefore, the study analyzed the spatial distribution of ZIKV in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2015 and 2016, and associations between the incidence per 1000 inhabitants and socio-environmental factors. METHODS: The census tracts were used as the analytical units reported ZIKV cases among the city's inhabitants. Local Empirical Bayesian method was used to control the incidence rates' instability effect. The spatial autocorrelation was verified with Moran's Index and local indicators of spatial association (LISA). Spearman correlation matrix was used to indicate possible collinearity. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Spatial Lag Model (SAR), and Spatial Error Model (CAR) were used to analyze the relationship between ZIKV and socio-environmental factors. RESULTS: The SAR model exhibited the best parameters: R2 = 0.44, Log-likelihood = - 7482, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) = 14,980. In this model, mean income between 1 and 2 minimum wages was possible risk factors for Zika occurrence in the localities. Household conditions related to adequate water supply and the existence of public sewage disposal were associated with lower ZIKV cumulative incidence, suggesting possible protective factors against the occurrence of ZIKV in the localities. The presence of the Family Health Strategy in the census tracts was positively associated with the ZIKV cumulative incidence. However, the results show that mean income less than 1 minimum wage were negatively associated with higher ZIKV cumulative incidence. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the importance of socio-environmental variables in the dynamics of ZIKV transmission and the relevance for the development of control strategies.

Modelo Teórico Sistema de Créditos Académicos para la carrera de medicina en Cuba / Theoretical Model for the Academic Credit System for medical studies in Cuba

Introducción: La formación de médicos en Cuba posee reconocido prestigio nacional e internacional, lo que ha favorecido el aumento de la cooperación internacional, tanto en el posgrado como en el pregrado; sin embargo, el plan de estudios de la carrera de medicina no contempla los créditos académicos que faciliten los procesos de homologación y convalidación para la incorporación al mercado laboral. Objetivo: Diseñar un Modelo Teórico del Sistema de Créditos Académicos para la carrera de medicina en Cuba que favorezca la homologación y convalidación en el contexto de la internacionalización. Métodos: Se efectuó una investigación de desarrollo en el campo pedagógico con enfoque mixto, mediante la aplicación de métodos y procedimientos cualitativos y cuantitativos para la obtención de la información por diferentes vías o fuentes. Se aplicó la triangulación metodológica para la integración de los resultados. Resultados: El diseño del modelo teórico tuvo una concepción integral y participativa en respuesta a las necesidades de la homologación y convalidación. Este modelo teórico se estructuró en los niveles teórico normativo -comprende los referentes teóricos, las dimensiones y los indicadores- y teórico conceptual -abarca sus propios componentes y su interrelación para lograr el propósito deseado. Conclusiones: La modelación como método científico permitió la elaboración del Modelo Teórico del Sistema de Créditos Académicos en Cuba, para favorecer los procesos de homologación y convalidación en el contexto de la internacionalización(AU)

Introduction: The Cuban doctor training program has national and international prestige, which has favored the increase of international cooperation, both in postgraduate and undergraduate degrees. However, the syllabus for the medical studies does not include academic credits that facilitate homologation and validation processes allowing insertion into the labor market. Objective: To design a theoretical model of the academic credit system for medical studies in Cuba that favors homologation and validation in the international context. Methods: A development research was carried out in the pedagogical field with a mixed approach, using qualitative and quantitative methods and procedures to obtain information through different routes or sources. Methodological triangulation was used to integrate the results. Results: The design of the theoretical model had comprehensive and participatory conception in response to the needs of homologation and validation. This theoretical model was structured at theoretical-normative levels -including theoretical referents, dimensions and indicators and theoretical conceptual. It encompasses its own components and their interrelation to achieve the desired purpose. Conclusions: The modeling as a scientific method allowed preparing the theoretical model of the academic credit system in Cuba, to favor the homologation and validation processes in the international context(AU)

Finding my own way in the kitchen from maternal influence and beyond - A grounded theory study based on Brazilian women's life stories.

Mothers are frequently seen as the gatekeepers of the transmission of food-related meanings and practices to their children, but little is known about how they transmit cooking-related aspects. This study aimed to understand the intergenerational transmission of cooking-related meanings and practices using a life course perspective and a constructivist grounded theory approach to present a substantive theory. The study was carried out in southern Brazil with 27 women. The core category Finding my own way in the kitchen from maternal influence and beyond is explained by four other categories. The first three show (1) that daughters implicitly and explicitly learn the idea of cooking responsibility from their mothers; (2) that mothers influence daughters by the way they involve children in the kitchen and by the feelings they express regarding cooking and (3) that daughters learn cooking practices observing their mother's cooking, cooking together, receiving instructions and eating their mother's food. The fourth category shows that daughters recreate what they learned from the mother according to their own life trajectories, social and historical context, and the people they interact with. Some of what they recreate is now part of their mothers' lives, resulting in a bidirectional influence. Strategies designed to encourage cooking need to challenge the view that the activity is solely a woman's responsibility, as well as communicate to the parents that their influence goes beyond transmitting cooking practices, as the attitudes and feelings they express towards cooking are also transferred.

The association between nutritional status and dental caries in low-income children: A multilevel analysis.

BACKGROUND: The possible association between obesity, underweight, and dental caries remains in debate. In addition, the role of sugar consumption on the abovementioned relationship was little explored. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nutritional status and dental caries in 12-year-old low-income children. DESIGN: This cross-sectional school-based study involved 406 12-year-old children living with limited economic resources. Dental caries was assessed using the decayed component of DMFT and PUFA/pufa index. Children were weighed and measured to assess nutritional status according to z-score/body mass index. Data on socio-economic and demographic characteristics, sugar consumption, sedentary behaviour, and psychosocial factors were collected through validated questionnaires. Multivariable multilevel Poisson regression was performed. RESULTS: Underweight children had 60% (RR = 1.60; 95% CI 1.13-2.57) higher mean of decayed teeth and had mean PUFA/pufa 2.8 times higher than children with normal nutritional status. Underweight children with high annual sugar intake had a greater mean of decayed teeth (RR = 2.72; 95% CI 1.46-5.06) than underweight children with low sugar intake. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that malnutrition is associated with dental caries among children from low-income families.

Homeopatia no serviço público de saúde: pré-avaliação das ações no município do Recife (PE) / Homeopathy in the public health service: pre-assessment of activities in Recife, Pernambuco

Resumo Trata-se de um estudo de pré-avaliação das ações de homeopatia no município do Recife (PE). Por meio de revisão de documentos oficiais e técnicos foi elaborado um modelo teórico lógico (ML) preliminar da intervenção, no qual se baseou a formulação de uma matriz de critérios e indicadores para avaliação. O ML e a matriz foram submetidos a informantes-chave com expertise na área. Os dados foram coletados de seis entrevistas realizadas em 2016. Os componentes pactuados para ambas as ferramentas foram: gestão e coordenação conjunta; atenção homeopática; e educação, comunicação e mobilização social. Espera-se que o ML e a matriz de critérios e indicadores elaborados e validados sirvam como referência na instituição de processos de monitoramento e avaliação de intervenções semelhantes.

Abstract This study is a pre-assessment of homeopathy activities in the municipality of Recife, Pernambuco. Review of official and technical documentation produced a preliminary logical theoretical model for this intervention, based on a matrix of criteria and indicators for evaluation. The model and matrix were submitted to key informants with expertise in the area, and the data were collected from six interviews in 2016. Three major components were seen to be needed for both tools: joint management and coordination; homeopathic care; and education, communication, and social mobilization. We expect the theoretical model and matrix of criteria and indicators which were developed and validated to serve as a reference to establish procedures for monitoring and assessing similar interventions.

Performance of Noninvasive Ventilation Masks in a Lung Model of COPD Exacerbation.

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) reduces intubation and mortality in patients with COPD exacerbation who present with respiratory failure, and the type of mask may affect its success. Our objective was to compare the performance of 3 different NIV masks in a lung model. METHODS: We set the lung simulator mechanics and respiratory rate, and tested a small oronasal mask, a total face mask, and a large oronasal mask. We added CO2 at a constant rate into the system and monitored the end-tidal carbon dioxide. We used a mechanical ventilator to deliver NIV in 8 different combinations of inspiratory effort, pressure support, and expiratory positive airway pressure. We measured end-tidal carbon dioxide mask leakage, tidal volume, trigger time, time to achieve 90% of the inspiratory target during inspiration, and excess inspiratory time. RESULTS: We presented the mean ± SD of the 8 simulated conditions for each mask. The mean ± SD leakage was higher for the total face mask (51 ± 6 L/min) than for the small oronasal mask (37 ± 5 L/min) and for the large oronasal mask (21 ± 3 L/min), P < .001; but end-tidal carbon dioxide and tidal volume were similar. The mean ± SD 90% of the inspiratory target during inspiration was faster for the small oronasal mask (585 ± 49 ms) compared with the large oronasal (647 ± 107 ms) and total face mask (851 ± 105 ms), P < .001, all other variables were similar. CONCLUSIONS: In this model, we found that the type of mask had no impact on CO2 washout or on most synchrony variables.

Modelo de formación pedagógica para profesores de la Universidad Metropolitana del Ecuador / Pedagogical training model for professors of the Metropolitan University of Ecuador

Introducción: La formación pedagógica de los profesores universitarios constituye una prioridad para las instituciones universitarias. Los docentes que imparten clases a los estudiantes de las carreras de perfiles de la salud carecen de esta para el desempeño de la función docente educativa. Objetivo: Elaborar un modelo para la formación pedagógica de los profesores de la Universidad Metropolitana de Ecuador. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo y análisis documental. Se seleccionó una muestra de docentes y estudiantes de la Universidad Metropolitana del Ecuador; se realizaron entrevistas no estructuradas y observaciones a clases. Fueron analizados documentos sobre la preparación de los docentes y las publicaciones sobre el tema. Se concibió un plan de acciones de formación. Resultados: El modelo elaborado asumió las características, como cualidades que operan en su funcionamiento: participación protagónica de los profesores, flexibilidad y reflexión crítica. Contó con tres etapas para su implementación: diagnóstico de potencialidades y necesidades de aprendizaje, desarrollo del plan de acciones e impacto de la evaluación. Conclusiones: La formación pedagógica ejerció una significativa influencia sobre el desempeño docente, permitió la reflexión sobre la práctica pedagógica, provocó cambios en los modos de actuación de los profesores e influyó en su preparación científica, metodológica y didáctica(AU)

Introduction: Pedagogical training of professors is a priority for university institutions. The professors who teach classes to the students of the careers of health profiles lack this training for the performance of the educational teaching function. Objective: to design a model for the pedagogical formation of the professors of the Metropolitan University of Ecuador. Methods: A qualitative study and documentary analysis was carried out. A sample of professors and students from the Metropolitan University of Ecuador was selected; unstructured interviews and lessons observations were conducted. Documents on the preparation of professors and publications on the subject were analyzed. A plan of training actions was conceived. Results: the elaborated model assumed the characteristics as qualities that operate in its operation: protagonist participation of the professors, flexibility and critical reflection. It had three stages for its implementation: diagnosis of potentialities and learning needs, development of the action plan and impact of the evaluation. Conclusions: the pedagogical training exerted a significant influence on the teaching performance, allowed the reflection on the pedagogical practice, provoked changes in the modes of action of the professors and influenced in their scientific, methodological and didactic preparation(AU)

Envolvimento paterno: construção de um modelo teórico baseado em uma revisão da literatura / Envolvimiento paterno: construcción de un modelo teórico basado en una revisión de la literatura / Father involvement: construction of a theoretical model based on a literature review

Um corpo amplo de evidências científicas já existente documenta a importância da relação pai-filho. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um modelo teórico de envolvimento paterno, organizado de acordo com princípios de Análise de Equações Estruturais, que requerem especificar as variáveis associadas ao construto central, com base em dados empíricos. Em 2015, foi realizada uma busca sistemática nas bases de dados eletrônicas APA PsycNET, Bireme, PEPSIC, Web of Science e IndexPsi Periódicos, usando os descritores "envolvimento" e "paterno", cruzados com "avaliação" ou "instrumento", nos idiomas inglês e português. Não foram impostas restrições em relação ao ano de publicação. foram encontrados 39 textos completos que incluíam dados empíricos sobre o envolvimento paterno. As informações encontradas foram agrupadas em três categorias: (a) dimensões do envolvimento paterno, (b) fatores que afetam o envolvimento paterno e (c) impactos deste envolvimento sobre outras variáveis. O modelo apresentado sintetiza os resultados dos estudos e representa um avanço no desenvolvimento teórico na área. Este modelo aumenta a visibilidade de questões conceituais sobre o envolvimento paterno e seus correlatos, e, depois da sua testagem empírica, poderá contribuir para o aprimoramento de programas de intervenção para pais.

Un cuerpo de evidencia científica ya existente documenta la importancia de la relación padre-hijo. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un modelo teórico de envolvimiento paterno, organizados de acuerdo con los principios de la Análisis de Ecuaciones Estructurales, que requieren especificar las variables asociadas con el constructo central, basada en datos empíricos. En 2015, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos electrónicas APA PsycNET, Bireme, PEPSIC, Web of Science e IndexPsi Periódicos, utilizando los descriptores "envolvimento" y "paterno", cruzados con "avaliação" o "instrumento", en Inglés y Portugués. No hubo restricciones en el año de publicación. Se encontraron 39 textos completos que incluían datos empíricos sobre el envolvimiento paterno. Estos resultados se agruparon en tres categorías: (a) las dimensiones del envolvimiento paterno, (b) factores que afectan el envolvimiento paterno y (c) el impacto de este envolvimiento en otras variables. El modelo sintetiza los resultados de los estúdios y representa un avance en el desarrollo teórico del área. Este modelo aumenta la visibilidad de las cuestiones conceptuales sobre el envolvimiento paterno y sus correlatos, y, después de su comprobación empírica, puede contribuir a la mejora de los programas de intervención para los padres.

An ample body of scientific evidence exists, documenting the importance of the father-child relationship. The objective of this study was to develop a theoretical model of father involvement, organized according to the principles of Structural Equation Modeling, which require specification of the variables associated with the central construct, based on empirical data. In 2015, a systematic search was conducted in the databases APA PsycNET, Bireme, PEPSIC, Web of Science and IndexPsi Periódicos, using the descriptors "involvement" and "father", crossed with "measure", "scale", "tool" or "instrument", in both the English and Portuguese languages. There were no restrictions on the year of publication. In total, 39 complete texts were located, that included data on father involvement. The information in these texts was grouped into three categories: (a) dimensions of father involvement, (b) factors affecting father involvement and (c) impacts of father involvement on other variables. The model presented synthesizes the results of these studies, representing an advance in theory development in this area. This model increases the visibility of conceptual issues about father involvement and its correlates, and, following empirical testing, may contribute to the improvement of intervention programs for fathers.

Modelo teórico de la endodoncia actual / Theoretical model of the current endodontics

Para comprender en profundidad cada una de las técnicas endodónticas de aplicación clínica, propuestas en la actualidad por los autores de diferentesescuelas de endodoncia, debemos previamente conocer el modelo teórico o paradigma preconizado por cada una de ellas. Ello nos permitirá discernir yseleccionar la más adecuada a las necesidades clínicas de nuestros pacientes, dirigiendo la investigacióny desarrollo de nuevas propuestas en el marco de determinado paradigma. La ciencia es multidisciplinaria y generadora de diferentes modelos teóricos aplicables en la endodoncia. Un modelo esencialmente técnico-quirúrgico busca el éxito apoyado enla limpieza, conformación y obturación tridimensional de los conductos radiculares. Eso es necesario pero no suficiente; por cuya razón, Maisto dio un salto cualitativo preconizando un nuevo paradigma endodóntico basado en la reparación apical. Este nuevo modelo teórico nos permite la formulación de nuevas conductas terapéuticas, desarrollar nuevosmateriales y proponer técnicas de instrumentación y obturación que engloben tanto al conducto radicular,como a su zona de influencia en el sistema de inserción dental y el hueso alveolar que lo rodea.

To understand in depth each of the endodontic techniques of clinical application, currently proposed by the authors of different schools of endodontics,we must first know the theoretical model orparadigm advocated by each of them.This will allow us to discern and select the mostappropriate of the clinical needs for our patients, directing research and developmentof new proposals within the framework of agiven paradigm. The science is multidisciplinary and generates different theoretical modelsapplicable to endodontics. An essentially technical-surgical model seekssuccess based on cleaning, shaping and three-dimensional obturation of the rootcanals. That is necessary but not enough, which leadMaisto to make a qualitative leap by advocating anew endodontic paradigm based on apical repair.This new theoretical model allows us to formulate new therapeutic behaviors, develop new materials and propose techniques of instrumentation and obturation that concerns both the root canal and its area of influence in the dental insertion system and the surrounding alveolar bone.

Verificação de um modelo teórico entre a empatia, socialização ética e orientação cultural em jovens brasileiros

O presente estudo tem o objetivo de verificar a associação entre a empatia, a transmissão de valores morais e ética e a orientação cultural em jovens. Teoricamente, sendo a empatia uma disposição funcional das pessoas para as trocas de experiências, afetivas e cognitivas, em relação ao outro, julga-se que este construto é importante para a formação moral e ética do jovem, bem como, para a orientação dos padrões convencionais estabelecidos culturalmente. 427 sujeitos, do sexo masculino e do sexo feminino, de 12 a 19 anos, de instituições privadas e publicas das cidades de João Pessoa-PB e PatrocínioMG responderam a escala multidimensional de reatividade interpessoal de Davis, questões a respeito da crença nos pais e nos professores quanto ao esforço que cada um tive para transmitir/ensinar valores morais e princípios éticos e a escala dos atributos do tipo de orientação cultural individualista e coletivista. Observou-se que a empatia associou-se positivamente, a socialização ética e orientação coletivistas, mas, em relação à orientação individualista, as duas primeiras variáveis se associaram negativamente. Com isso, aqueles que desenvolvem habilidades empáticas na sua relação interpessoal, tanto contribui para uma transmissão dos valores sociais e morais, bem como, uma orientação a cooperação e manutenção das relações interpessoais.

The present study aims to investigate the association between empathy, transmission of moral and ethical values and cultural orientation in youth. Theoretically, empathy and the functional exchange of experiences layout of people is believed to be important for moral and ethical training of the young, as well as to the orientation of the conventional patterns culturally established. 427 subjects of both genders between the ages of 12- 19 years old of private and public institutions of the city of João Pessoa-PB and Patrocínio-MG answered the multidimensional Davis Interpersonal Reactivity test. This consists on a set of questions about the belief of parents and teachers conveying / teaching moral and ethical principles and scale attributes of individualist and collectivist cultural orientation. It was observed that empathy was positively associated to socialization and ethical collectivist orientation, but in relation to the individualistic orientation, the first two variables were negatively associated. Thus, those who develop empathic abilities in their interpersonal relationships, both contribute to the transmission of social and moral values, as well as to the orientation, cooperation and maintenance of interpersonal relationships.

Ranging behavior drives parasite richness: A more parsimonious hypothesis.

Parasitism is a ubiquitous interspecific interaction that may play an important role in the evolution of hosts and parasites, molding many aspects of their behavior and ecology. Detecting behavioral changes of hosts infected with parasites is not a straightforward task. Extrapolating from individual-level responses to group-level decision-making is still a much more complex challenge. The ranging behavior of hosts that live in social groups is a good example. Many hypotheses of the cause-effect relationship between this behavior and parasite diversity and load have been proposed. For instance, Brockmeyer et al. [2015, Am. J. Primatol. 77:1036-1048] recently suggested that the richness of protozoan parasites influences the daily path length of free-ranging mandrills. We believe that this explanation for the relationship contains several implicit assumptions. Therefore, we offer an alternative, more parsimonious hypothesis in which daily path length is the driver of parasite richness rather than its consequence. Our hypothesis only assumes that ranging farther exposes animals to a richer parasite diversity. We discuss the data required to test these alternative hypotheses and recall empirical evidence and theoretical modeling results supporting or rejecting their assumptions. We also propose a model of the expected outcomes in terms of species richness, load, intensity of infection, and within-group community similarity of non-lethal environmentally transmitted parasites in social animal groups showing distinct patterns of range use. Am. J. Primatol. 78:923-927, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Revisión sistemática de brucelosis: métodos y estudios epidemiológicos / Systematic review of brucellosis: epidemiological methods and studies

La brucelosis es la zoonosis más prevalente globalmente, posiblemente subregistrada en varios países por su clínica inespecífica y ausencia de programas de serotipado. El diagnóstico es afectado por reacciones cruzadas, control del ganado y su relación con humanos; presentando dificultades al tratar la situación en países endémicos, por carencia de recursos para erradicarla, o conocer la incidencia a nivel de especies y subespecies. Esto hace necesario observar metodologías de países que tratan este problema y las herramientas disponibles para proyectar estrategias sanitarias y comercio para controlarlo. Se tomaron artículos obtenidos de Worldcat.org y PubMed entre 2006-2015 basados en su carácter médico-epidemiológico, disponibilidad y presentación de estrategias. Se concluyó que la base del control de brucelosis es coordinación con la población de base, control permanente del comercio de ganado y personal de riesgo, y la evaluación antes, durante y después de implementar estrategias sanitarias, utilizando herramientas matemáticas y laboratoriales disponibles.

Brucellosis is the most prevalent zoonosis in the world, probably subrecorded in several countries due to unspecific manifestation and absence of serotyping programs. Diagnostic is biased by cross-reactions, cattle control and its interaction with humans, presenting difficulties when endemic countries situation is addressed, due to the lack of resources to eradicate or to know incidence at species and subspecies level. Hence is necessary to look at the methodology applied in countries addressing this problem, and at the tools available to project sanitary and trade strategies able to control it articles published between 2006-2015 were chosen fromWorldcat.org and PubMed, selected based on medical-epidemiological subject, availability and strategies presentation. Conclusion was that the basis for brucellosis control are coordination with common folk, permanent control of cattle trade and risk population, and sanitary strategies evaluation before, during and after the implementation of the late, using every available mathematic and laboratorial tool.

A study of tick infestation on cattle in the Abanico de Ibagué, Colombiausing the complex systems approach / Estudio de infestación por garrapatas en ganado en el Abanico de Ibagué Colombia usando el enfoque de sistemas complejos / Estudo de uma infestação recorrente em gado no Abanico de Ibagué, Colômbia, usando uma aproximação ao sistema complexo

Cattle ranching systems have traditionally been studied based on Cartesian research models that break them down into each of their constitutive parts. For this reason, definition of biophysical and technical-productive parameters dominates knowledge in this area, but does not allow a complex vision of the production systems to be obtained. The emergence of agroecology and the implementation of new models of livestock rearing, such as silvopastoral systems (SPS), suggests that, in addition to studying the characteristics of the natural and technical-productive quantitative variables, sociocultural aspects should be incorporated to offer a more complex, transdisciplinary vision of agricultural systems and to allow new interpretations of agro-ecosystems, their components and interrelationships. The tick Rhipicephalus microplus has normally been considered a disruptor of the equilibrium of the ranching system, such that positivist research recommends its eradication. In this study, the structure and function of the system is related to a specific agricultural problem by describing the characteristics of a theoretical model to analyze tick infestation on cattle in the Abanico de Ibagué (Colombia), using the complex systems approach. Through development of this model, it was possible to postulate dynamic relationships between the SPS and conventional system components that can influence the behavior of the tick, demonstrating its presence in the system to be essential for achieving socioecological resilience.

Los sistemas de cría de ganado han sido tradicionalmente estudiados en base a modelos de investigación cartesiana que los dividen en cada una de sus partes constitutivas. Debido a esto la definición de los parámetros biofísicos y técnico-productivos domina el conocimiento en ésta área, pero no permite obtener una visión compleja del sistema de producción. La aparición de la agroecología y la implementación de nuevos modelos de cría de ganado, como los sistemas silvopastoriles (SPS), sugieren que además de estudiar las características de las variables componentes naturales de tipo cuantitativas y técnico-productivas, los aspectos socioculturales deben ser incorporados para ofrecer una visión compleja y transdisciplinaria de los sistemas agropecuarios y para permitir hacer nuevas interpretaciones de los agroecosistemas, sus componentes e interrelaciones. La garrapata Rhipicephalus microplus ha sido normalmente considerada como un disruptor del equilibrio de los sistemas de cría, tanto que la investigación positivista recomienda su erradicación. En este estudio, la estructura y función del sistema es relacionado a un problema agropecuario específico, al describir las características de un modelo teórico para analizar la infestación por garrapatas en Ganado del Abanico de Ibagué (Colombia), utilizando el enfoque de sistemas complejos. A través del desarrollo de éste modelo fue posible postular relaciones dinámicas entre componentes del SPS y los sistemas convencionales que influencian el comportamiento de la garrapata, demostrando que su presencia en el sistema es esencial para alcanzar adaptabilidad socioecológica.

Os sistemas de cria de gado tem sido tradicionalmente estudados em base a modelos de pesquisa cartesiana, os quais dividem-se em cada uma de suas partes constitutivas. Devido a isto, a definição dos parâmetros biofísicos e técnico-produtivos domina o conhecimento em esta área, mas não permite obter uma visão complexa do sistema de produção. A aparição da agroecologia e a implementação de novos modelos de cria de gado, com os sistemas silvopastoris (SPS), sugerem que além de estudar as características das variáveis componentes naturais de tipo quantitativas e técnico-produtivas, os aspectos socioculturais devem ser incorporados para oferecer uma maior visão: ampla, complexa e transdisciplinar dos sistemas agropecuários e para permitir fazer novas interpretações dos agroecossistemas, seus componentes e inter-relações. O carrapato Rhipicephalus microplus tem sido normalmente considerado como um disjuntor do equilíbrio dos sistemas de cria, tanto que a pesquisa positivista recomenda sua erradicação. Neste estudo, a estrutura e função do sistema é relacionado a um problema agropecuário especifico, ao descrever as características de um modelo teórico para analisar a infestação por carrapatos no gado do Abanico de Ibagué (Colômbia), utilizando o enfoque de sistemas complexos. A traves do desenvolvimento deste modelo, foi possível postular relações dinâmicas entre componentes do SPS e os sistemas convencionais que influenciam o comportamento do carrapato, demonstrando que sua presença no sistema é essencial para conseguir a adaptabilidade socio ecológica.

Efeito da concentração e temperatura sobre a condutividade térmica da polpa de acerola congelada / Effect of concentration and temperature on the thermal conductivity of frozen acerola pulp

A finalidade deste trabalho foi a determinação experimental da condutividade térmica da polpa de acerola nas concentrações de 5.5, 7.5, 9.5, 11.5 e 13.5 Brix e nas temperaturas de 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 C. A metodologia utilizada foi a da sonda linear de aquecimento e os resultados experimentais obtidos foram comparados com valores estimados pelos modelos teóricos em série, paralelo e Maxwell-Eucken, avaliando o erro envolvido. Observou-se uma influência tanto da concentração quanto da temperatura na condutividade térmica da polpa. Houve aumento da condutividade com a redução da temperatura e da concentração de sólidos, observando-se os maiores aumentos na faixa de 0 a 10 C. Equações polinomiais e lineares foram ajustadas para a determinação direta da condutividade térmica da polpa de acerola na faixa de temperatura e concentração estudada.(AU)

The purpose of this work was the experimental determination of the thermal conductivity of acerola pulp at concentrations of 5.5, 7.5, 9.5, 11.5 and 13.5 Brix and temperatures of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 C. The methodology used involved a hot wire probe, and the experimental results were compared with values estimated by several theoretical models (series, parallel and Maxwell-Eucken models) to evaluate the error involved. We observed an influence both of the concentration and the temperature on the thermal conductivity of the pulp. An increase of the conductivity with a decrease in temperature and in the solids concentration was detected. We observed the greatest increases in the range of 0 to 10 C. Linear and polynomial equations were adjusted for the direct determination of the thermal conductivity of the pulp in the range of temperature and concentration studied.(AU)

Efeito da concentração e temperatura sobre a condutividade térmica da polpa de acerola congelada / Effect of concentration and temperature on the thermal conductivity of frozen acerola pulp

A finalidade deste trabalho foi a determinação experimental da condutividade térmica da polpa de acerola nas concentrações de 5.5, 7.5, 9.5, 11.5 e 13.5 Brix e nas temperaturas de 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 C. A metodologia utilizada foi a da sonda linear de aquecimento e os resultados experimentais obtidos foram comparados com valores estimados pelos modelos teóricos em série, paralelo e Maxwell-Eucken, avaliando o erro envolvido. Observou-se uma influência tanto da concentração quanto da temperatura na condutividade térmica da polpa. Houve aumento da condutividade com a redução da temperatura e da concentração de sólidos, observando-se os maiores aumentos na faixa de 0 a 10 C. Equações polinomiais e lineares foram ajustadas para a determinação direta da condutividade térmica da polpa de acerola na faixa de temperatura e concentração estudada.

The purpose of this work was the experimental determination of the thermal conductivity of acerola pulp at concentrations of 5.5, 7.5, 9.5, 11.5 and 13.5 Brix and temperatures of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 C. The methodology used involved a hot wire probe, and the experimental results were compared with values estimated by several theoretical models (series, parallel and Maxwell-Eucken models) to evaluate the error involved. We observed an influence both of the concentration and the temperature on the thermal conductivity of the pulp. An increase of the conductivity with a decrease in temperature and in the solids concentration was detected. We observed the greatest increases in the range of 0 to 10 C. Linear and polynomial equations were adjusted for the direct determination of the thermal conductivity of the pulp in the range of temperature and concentration studied.