Actividad biológica in vitro de los extractos acuosos y alcohólicos de tubérculos andinos

Introducción: La medicina ancestral ha utilizado plantas con cualidades medicinales para prevenir y tratar enfermedades; aun cuando este tipo de investigaciones se han incrementado, son escasos los estudios con tubérculos andinos. Objetivo: Determinar la actividad biológica de extractos acuosos y etanólicos de los tubérculos andinos Tropaeolum tuberosum (mashua) y Ullucus tuberosus (melloco). Métodos: La investigación fue experimental y se desarrolló in vitro. La muestra estuvo constituida por 2 tubérculos andinos utilizados en la medicina ancestral. Se aplicaron técnicas de extracción en medio acuoso y etanólico. Los extractos fueron evaluados para determinar la actividad hemoaglutinante, anticoagulante y antimicrobiana con cepas ATCC. Resultados: Se demostró actividad hemoaglutinante en el extracto acuoso de T. tuberosum sobre eritrocitos A. Todos los extractos acuosos mostraron actividad anticoagulante, Tropaeolum tuberosum inhibió la actividad de la coagulación sanguínea (vía intrínseca) con un TTPa> 300 seg. Tanto los extractos acuosos y etanólicos exhibieron actividad antimicrobiana contra cepas ATCC, Tropaeolum tuberosum inhibió el crecimiento de Staphylococcus aureus 25923 con halos de 17 y 22 mm y Ullucus tuberosus (blanco) con halos de 10 y 30 mm, respectivamente. Los extractos acuosos de Tropaeolum tuberosum y Ullucus tuberosus (rojo) inhibieron el crecimiento de Candida tropicalis 66029 con halos de 27 y 12 mm y respectivamente. Conclusiones: Determinada la actividad biológica, se evidencia que los tubérculos andinos estudiados aglutinan eritrocitos humanos, específicamente eritrocitos del grupo A, así mismo, capacidad de inhibir las proteínas plasmáticas de la coagulación y de inhibir el crecimiento bacteriano y micótico de cepas ATTC.

Introduction: Ancestral medicine has used plants with medicinal qualities to prevent and treat diseases, even though this type of research has increased, studies with Andean tubers are scarce. Objective: To determine the biological activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the Andean tubers Tropaeolum tuberosum (mashua) and Ullucus tuberosus (melloco). Methods: The research was experimental and was developed in vitro. The sample consisted of 2 Andean tubers used in ancestral medicine. Extraction techniques were applied in aqueous and ethanolic medium. The extracts were evaluated for hemagglutinating, anticoagulant and antimicrobial activity with ATCC strains. Results: Hemagglutinating activity was demonstrated in the aqueous extract of T. tuberosum on A erythrocyte. All aqueous extracts showed anticoagulant activity, Tropaeolum tuberosum inhibited blood coagulation activity (intrinsic pathway) with an aPTT>300 sec. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against ATCC strains, Tropaeolum tuberosum inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus 25923 with halos of 17 and 22 mm and Ullucus tuberosus (white) with halos of 10 and 30 mm, respectively. The aqueous extracts of Tropaeolum tuberosum and Ullucus tuberosus (red) inhibited the growth of Candida tropicalis 66029 with halos of 27 and 12 mm, respectively. Conclusions: Once the biological activity was determined, it was evident that the Andean tubers studied agglutinated human erythrocytes, specifically group A erythrocytes, as well as the ability to inhibit plasma coagulation proteins and inhibit the bacterial and fungal growth of ATTC strains.

Potencial antibacteriano de un enjuague bucal a base de Azadirachta indica (neem) sobre patógenos orales

Introducción: La alta prevalencia de enfermedades orales y los efectos colaterales de los fármacos sintéticos ha impulsado el estudio de alternativas terapéuticas como las plantas medicinales que sean seguras, efectivas y económicas para la población. Objetivo: Evaluar el potencial antibacteriano de 2 enjuagues bucal a base de Azadirachta indica (neem) sobre Streptococcus mutans y Enterococcus faecalis. Métodos: Estudio experimental. Se elaboraron 2 enjuagues bucales del extracto hidroetanólico de neen con concentraciones de 25 mg/mL y 50 mg/mL. El potencial antibacteriano se evaluó por el método de difusión en disco. Los datos fueron analizados con ANOVA y Tukey en el paquete estadístico SPSS v.26. Resultados: Para Streptococcus mutans el halo del enjuague bucal con 25 mg/mL de extracto de neem fue de 25,12 ± 0,798 mm; el de 50 mg/mL formó un halo de 29,40 ± 1,197 mm; el control negativo un halo de 8,62 ± 0,132 mm y la clorhexidina 0,12 % un halo de 17,64 ± 0,160 mm. Para Enterococcus faecalis, el halo del enjuague bucal con 25 mg/mL fue de 18,23 ± 1,150 mm; el de 50 mg/mL un halo de 20,93 ± 0,487 mm; el control negativo un halo de 7,91 ± 0,417 mm y la clorhexidina 0,12 % un halo de 16,50 ± 0,505 mm. Conclusión: Los enjuagues bucales a base de neem presentan potencial antibacteriano in vitro sobre Streptococcus mutans y Enterococcus faecalis y podrían ser utilizados en un futuro en su control y el de otros patógenos orales.

Introduction: The high prevalence of oral diseases and the side effects of synthetic drugs has promoted the study of therapeutic alternatives such as medicinal plants that are safe, effective and economical for the population. Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial potential of 2 mouthwashes based on Azadirachta indica (neem) on Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: Experimental study. Two mouthwashes were made from the hydroethanolic extract of neen with concentrations of 25 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL. The antibacterial potential was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey in the statistical package SPSS v.26. Results: For Streptococcus mutans, the halo of the mouthwash with 25 mg/mL of neem extract was 25.12 ± 0.798 mm; that of 50 mg/mL formed a halo of 29.40 ± 1.197 mm; the negative control a halo of 8.62 ± 0.132 mm and chlorhexidine 0.12% a halo of 17.64 ± 0.160 mm. For Enterococcus faecalis, the halo of the mouthwash with 25 mg/mL was 18.23 ± 1,150 mm; that of 50 mg/mL a halo of 20.93 ± 0.487 mm; the negative control a halo of 7.91 ± 0.417 mm and chlorhexidine 0.12% a halo of 16.50 ± 0.505 mm. Conclusion: Neem-based mouthwashes have in vitro antibacterial potential against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis and could be used in the future to control them and other oral pathogens.

Evaluación de la capacidad bactericida de extractos vegetales de distinta polaridad de Drimys granadensis / Evaluation of the bactericidal capacity of vegetable extracts of Drimys granadensis with different polarities

Empleando el método de maceración en frío y fraccionamiento con solventes de polaridad creciente, se obtuvo cuatro extractos vegetales de distinta polaridad en las hojas de Drimys granadensis: Muy apolar (MA), apolar (A), polar (P) y Muy polar (MP), los cuales se obtuvieron al utilizar hexano, cloroformo, acetona y metanol para el fraccionamiento correspondiente. Una vez se obtuvieron los extractos, se siguió el protocolo de Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test (MIC) para determinar la concentración mínima a la cual se inhibe el crecimiento bacteriano, frente a dos cepas bacterianas Gram positivas: Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus epidermis; y dos Gram negativas: Klebsiella pneumoniae y Escherichia coli. Como resultado se obtuvo que la fracción polar (P) fue la más efectiva, inhibiendo el crecimiento de todas las cepas bacterianas evaluadas a partir de una concentración de 15 mg/mL.

Applying a cold maceration method and a fractioning with polar increasing solvents, four vegetable extracts of Drimys granadensis leaves were obtained: Very nonpolar (MA), nonpolar (A), polar (P) and very polar (MP); each one of them were obtained using hexane, chloroform, acetone and methanol correspondingly. Afterwards we followed the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test (MIC) to determine the lowest concentration to inhibit the bacterial growth of two Gram positive strains: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis; and two Gram negative strains: Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. As a result, the polar fraction (P) was the most effective one by inhibiting the growth of all bacterial strains with a minimum concentration of 15 mg/mL.

Anti-Escherichia coli effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. in a meat model

Abstract Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is used in traditional medicine because of its bioactive properties, such as antioxidant and antibacterial. Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacteria and as an indicator of contamination in food. The aim of this work was to evaluate the anti-Escherichia coli effect and the change in pH on the control of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, using hydroethanolic extract of H. sabdariffa L. in different concentrations in a meat model, verifying its potential as food additive for microbiological stability on ground beef during cooling storage. For the preparation of the treatments, the meat experimental units were elaborated with different concentrations of the vegetal extract (5, 10, 15 and 20%), ground beef and contaminated with E. coli. For pH evaluation, the meat experimental units were added different percentages of hydroethanolic extract. The H. sabdariffa L. antibacterial action reduced two logarithmic levels in practically all treatments. The best pH result was obtained in the meat containing 30% of the extract. The hydroethanolic extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. showed anti-Escherichia coli activity in the presence of refrigerated ground beef. Analyzing the pH results and the count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, it is possible this extract to be used as a natural food additive.

Voltammetric detection of trifluralin in tap water, fruit juice, and vegetable extracts in the presence of surfactants.

This study describes a novel electrochemical method to determine the herbicide trifluralin in samples of water, fruit juice, and vegetable extracts in the presence of surfactants, using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). In acidic media, trifluralin was irreversible on the glassy carbon electrode surface at -0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Surfactant presence on the electrode-solution interface modified current intensities and shifted the reduction peak potential of trifluralin. Different types of surfactant and their concentrations were investigated. The anionic surfactant significantly enhanced the peak current intensity of trifluralin. Under optimal analytical conditions, an analytical curve was obtained in the concentration range of 0.48-32.20 µM. The limits of detection and quantification were estimated at 0.031 and 0.104 µM, respectively. The method was successfully applied to quantify trifluralin in samples of water, orange and tomato juice, and green pepper, carrot, and onion extracts, with recovery rates of 97.9-102.1%. The results were in good agreement with those obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography, indicating that the proposed electrochemical method can be employed to quantify trifluralin in various types foods, with sensitivity, specificity, selectivity and reproducibility.

Sensory and physicochemical characteristics of salamis added with vegetable-based curing ingredients / Caracterização sensorial e físico-química de salames adicionados de ingredientes de cura à base de vegetais

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory and physicochemical quality of colonial salamis added with vegetable-based curing ingredients as potential enhancers of quality products. Salamis were produced according to three treatments: (A) Control: 0.1% curing salt; (B) rosemary: 0.05% curing salt + 0.5% rosemary extract (RE); and (C) RE+celery: 0.14% Veg 503 + 0.27% Veg 504 (sea salt plus celery, nitrate and nitrite supplies, respectively) + 0.5% of RE. No significant differences were observed (P>0.05) among the three treatments for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, ether extract (EE) and gross energy (GE). Sensory analysis was performed by applying the preference test and multiple comparison between the three treatments. Salamis added with vegetable-based curing ingredients were sensory equivalent to conventional level of curing salts. Vegetable extracts allowed the development of the sensory features of salami and did not interfere in the fermentation process. Results suggested that the extracts can serve as effective natural curing ingredients for the ripening process and cured meat color as well as adequate shelf-life replacing the commercial curing salts in meat and meat products. After 30 days of ripening, salami from the control treatment (conventional levels of nitrite and nitrate) and the treatments with added vegetable-based curing ingredients and low nitrite and nitrate content (RE and RE + celery) were equivalent in sensory quality.(AU)

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade sensorial e físico-química de salames coloniais contendo ingredientes de cura à base de vegetais e, portanto, potenciais intensificadores da qualidade dos produtos. Os salames foram produzidos de acordo com três tratamentos: (A) Controle: 0,1% de sal de cura; (B) Alecrim: 0,05% sal de cura + 0,5% extrato de alecrim (EA); e (C) Alecrim + aipo: 0,14% Veg 503 + 0,27% Veg 504 (sal marinho e aipo, nitrato e nitrito, respectivamente) + 0,5% do EA. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre os três tratamentos na matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), cinzas, extrato etéreo (EE) e energia bruta (EB). A análise sensorial foi realizada por meio do teste de comparação múltipla e preferência entre os três tratamentos. Os salames com ingredientes de cura à base de vegetais adicionados para a cura natural foram sensorialmente equivalentes aos salames contendo níveis convencionais de sais de cura. Os extratos vegetais permitiram o desenvolvimento normal das características sensoriais nos salames e não interferiram no processo de fermentação. Os resultados sugerem que os extratos podem servir como efetivos ingredientes naturais de cura para o processo de maturação e formação de cor, além de prolongar a vida-de-prateleira dos produtos, substituindo os sais de cura comerciais usados em carnes e produtos cárneos. Após 30 dias de maturação, os salames do tratamento controle (níveis convencionais de nitrito e nitrato) e os tratamentos contendo ingredientes de cura à base de vegetais e baixo teor de nitrito e nitrato (EA e EA + aipo) foram equivalentes em qualidade sensorial.(AU)

Sensory and physicochemical characteristics of salamis added with vegetable-based curing ingredients / Caracterização sensorial e físico-química de salames adicionados de ingredientes de cura à base de vegetais

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory and physicochemical quality of colonial salamis added with vegetable-based curing ingredients as potential enhancers of quality products. Salamis were produced according to three treatments: (A) Control: 0.1% curing salt; (B) rosemary: 0.05% curing salt + 0.5% rosemary extract (RE); and (C) RE+celery: 0.14% Veg 503 + 0.27% Veg 504 (sea salt plus celery, nitrate and nitrite supplies, respectively) + 0.5% of RE. No significant differences were observed (P>0.05) among the three treatments for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, ether extract (EE) and gross energy (GE). Sensory analysis was performed by applying the preference test and multiple comparison between the three treatments. Salamis added with vegetable-based curing ingredients were sensory equivalent to conventional level of curing salts. Vegetable extracts allowed the development of the sensory features of salami and did not interfere in the fermentation process. Results suggested that the extracts can serve as effective natural curing ingredients for the ripening process and cured meat color as well as adequate shelf-life replacing the commercial curing salts in meat and meat products. After 30 days of ripening, salami from the control treatment (conventional levels of nitrite and nitrate) and the treatments with added vegetable-based curing ingredients and low nitrite and nitrate content (RE and RE + celery) were equivalent in sensory quality.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade sensorial e físico-química de salames coloniais contendo ingredientes de cura à base de vegetais e, portanto, potenciais intensificadores da qualidade dos produtos. Os salames foram produzidos de acordo com três tratamentos: (A) Controle: 0,1% de sal de cura; (B) Alecrim: 0,05% sal de cura + 0,5% extrato de alecrim (EA); e (C) Alecrim + aipo: 0,14% Veg 503 + 0,27% Veg 504 (sal marinho e aipo, nitrato e nitrito, respectivamente) + 0,5% do EA. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre os três tratamentos na matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), cinzas, extrato etéreo (EE) e energia bruta (EB). A análise sensorial foi realizada por meio do teste de comparação múltipla e preferência entre os três tratamentos. Os salames com ingredientes de cura à base de vegetais adicionados para a cura natural foram sensorialmente equivalentes aos salames contendo níveis convencionais de sais de cura. Os extratos vegetais permitiram o desenvolvimento normal das características sensoriais nos salames e não interferiram no processo de fermentação. Os resultados sugerem que os extratos podem servir como efetivos ingredientes naturais de cura para o processo de maturação e formação de cor, além de prolongar a vida-de-prateleira dos produtos, substituindo os sais de cura comerciais usados em carnes e produtos cárneos. Após 30 dias de maturação, os salames do tratamento controle (níveis convencionais de nitrito e nitrato) e os tratamentos contendo ingredientes de cura à base de vegetais e baixo teor de nitrito e nitrato (EA e EA + aipo) foram equivalentes em qualidade sensorial.

Evaluation in vitro of antimicrobial activity of basil extract (Ocimum basilicum L. ) on an acrylic surface of removable orthodontic appliances

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) extract in S. Muttans biofilm colonized in specimens confectioned in the same acrylic used for removable orthodontics appliances. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To perform this work, 42 specimens were confectioned (sterile spherical acrylic disks) and immersed in pure extract and in serial dilution of extract (1:2 until 1:10) during 24, 48 and 72 hours. For each time of exposition, a disintegration of bacterial film by sonication in saline and posterior seed in agar, for colony count, were carried out. ATCC strains of S. muttans were selected, and 2% chlorhexidine solution was used as inhibition control. RESULTS: The results showed, by quantitative analysis, that basil extract has antibacterial activity in S. muttans biofilm, when used in pure state or in dilution until 1:4. CONCLUSION: Besides, it was possible observe the more increase the incubation time, independent the dilution, the higher degradation of extract.

Preparo e caracterização de tinturas das folhas de chá verde [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Theaceae / Preparation and characterization of Theaceae green tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] leaf tinctures

Tinturas preparadas com as folhas de Camellia sinensis (chá verde), foram caracterizadas visando a obtenção de extratos enriquecidos em polifenóis. As tinturas foram obtidas por meio de maceração estática da droga pulverizada, com diferentes misturas de 60, 70, 80 e 94,5% de etanol em água. Em seguida foram filtradas e, após 8 dias de extração, realizaram-se as analises: organoléptica, pH, densidade, determinação do resíduo seco, perfil cromatográfico por camada delgada, e teor de polifenóis. Os resultados demonstraram que o solvente (mistura hidroalcoólica a 60 ou 70%) extraiu a maior quantidade de constituintes químicos do chá verde; também foi o mais seletivo ao extrair, especificamente os polifenóis. Estes dados sugerem que a utilização de álcool etílico a 60 ou 70% conduz à obtenção de tinturas mais ricas em polifenóis, a partir das folhas do chá verde (C. sinensis).

In this work, we prepared and characterized Camellia sinensis leaf tinctures aiming to obtain a polyphenol-enriched extract. The tinctures were prepared through the static maceration process of the powdered drug, at different mixtures 60, 70, 80 and 94.5% of ethanol in water. The tinctures were filtered, and after 8 days of extraction, submitted to organoleptic analysis, determination of pH, density analysis, dry residue analysis, thin layer chromatographic profile and polyphenol percentage analysis. The results showed that the 60 or 70% alcohol-water mixture has the best extraction of the constituents of green tea and it was more selective to extract, specifically, the polyphenols of the plant. These data suggest the use of 60 or 70% ethanol to carry out polyphenol-enriched tinctures from green tea leaves (C. sinensis).

Atividade biológica de extratos acetato de etila, etanólico e aquoso de timbó (Lonchocarpus floribundus) sobre carrapato bovino / Biological activity of ethylic acetate, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of timbo (Lonchocarpus floribundus) on cattle tick

Ethylic acetate, ethanolic and aqueous roots extracts of Lonchocarpus floribundus were used to evaluate their biological activity on cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Adult ticks were collected in artificially infested cattle, separated into groups of ten individuals, weighed and immersed separately in the extracts of L. Floribundus roots at concentrations of 5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg mL-1. For biological evaluation 14-21-day-old larvae were used, which were immersed in the extracts at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg mL-1. After treatment, each group was placed in a Petri dish and maintained at 27 ± 1 ºC and 80 ± 5% relative humidity. The extracts evaluated were not effective to induce mortality of over 50%-engorged female. The ethylic acetate and ethanolic extracts induced 100% mortality of larvae. The ethanolic extract was more toxic (median lethal concentration, LC50, of 2.1 mg mL-1) than the ethylic acetate extract (LC50 = 4.1 mg mL-1). For the ethanolic extract it was estimated a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.0 mg mL-1 and it was more toxic than the other extracts on this parameter. Among the three extracts evaluated, the ethylic acetate and ethanolic extracts showed the highest potential for the control of reproduction of R. (B.) microplus, reaching 100% at concentration of 5 mg mL-1. The L. Floribundus root extracts showed biological activity on cattle tick.(AU)

Os extratos acetato de etila, etanólico e aquoso de raízes de Lonchocarpus floribundus foram utilizados, a fim de avaliar a atividade biológica sobre carrapato bovino. Carrapatos adultos foram coletados em bovinos infestados artificialmente, separados em grupos de dez indivíduos, pesados e imersos, separadamente, nos extratos de raízes de L. Floribundus, nas concentrações de 5, 25, 50, 75 e 100 mg mL-1. Para a avaliação em larvas, foram utilizados indivíduos de 14 a 21 dias, os quais foram imersos nos extratos nas concentrações de 1, 5, 10, 15 e 20 mg mL-1. Após o tratamento, cada grupo foi colocado em placa de Petri e incubado a 27 ± 1 ºC e umidade relativa de 80 ± 5%. Os extratos avaliados não foram eficazes para induzir, acima de 50%, a mortalidade de fêmeas ingurgitadas. Os extratos acetato de etila e etanólico induziram 100% de mortalidade de larvas. Entretanto, quanto aos valores de concentração letal mediana (CL50), o extrato etanólico (CL50 = 2,1 mg mL-1) foi mais tóxico que o extrato acetato de etila (CL50 = 4,1 mg mL-1). O extrato etanólico estimou concentração inibitória mediana (CI50) de 3,0 mg mL-1 e foi mais tóxico que os demais extratos quanto a este parâmetro de avaliação. Entre os três extratos avaliados, os extratos acetato de etila e etanólico apresentaram os melhores resultados quanto ao controle de reprodução de R. (B.) microplus, atingindo 100% na concentração de 5 mg mL-1. Os extratos de raízes de L. Floribundus apresentaram atividade biológica sobre carrapato bovino.(AU)

Atividade biológica de extratos acetato de etila, etanólico e aquoso de timbó (Lonchocarpus floribundus) sobre carrapato bovino / Biological activity of ethylic acetate, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of timbo (Lonchocarpus floribundus) on cattle tick

Ethylic acetate, ethanolic and aqueous roots extracts of Lonchocarpus floribundus were used to evaluate their biological activity on cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Adult ticks were collected in artificially infested cattle, separated into groups of ten individuals, weighed and immersed separately in the extracts of L. Floribundus roots at concentrations of 5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg mL-1. For biological evaluation 14-21-day-old larvae were used, which were immersed in the extracts at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg mL-1. After treatment, each group was placed in a Petri dish and maintained at 27 ± 1 ºC and 80 ± 5% relative humidity. The extracts evaluated were not effective to induce mortality of over 50%-engorged female. The ethylic acetate and ethanolic extracts induced 100% mortality of larvae. The ethanolic extract was more toxic (median lethal concentration, LC50, of 2.1 mg mL-1) than the ethylic acetate extract (LC50 = 4.1 mg mL-1). For the ethanolic extract it was estimated a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.0 mg mL-1 and it was more toxic than the other extracts on this parameter. Among the three extracts evaluated, the ethylic acetate and ethanolic extracts showed the highest potential for the control of reproduction of R. (B.) microplus, reaching 100% at concentration of 5 mg mL-1. The L. Floribundus root extracts showed biological activity on cattle tick.

Os extratos acetato de etila, etanólico e aquoso de raízes de Lonchocarpus floribundus foram utilizados, a fim de avaliar a atividade biológica sobre carrapato bovino. Carrapatos adultos foram coletados em bovinos infestados artificialmente, separados em grupos de dez indivíduos, pesados e imersos, separadamente, nos extratos de raízes de L. Floribundus, nas concentrações de 5, 25, 50, 75 e 100 mg mL-1. Para a avaliação em larvas, foram utilizados indivíduos de 14 a 21 dias, os quais foram imersos nos extratos nas concentrações de 1, 5, 10, 15 e 20 mg mL-1. Após o tratamento, cada grupo foi colocado em placa de Petri e incubado a 27 ± 1 ºC e umidade relativa de 80 ± 5%. Os extratos avaliados não foram eficazes para induzir, acima de 50%, a mortalidade de fêmeas ingurgitadas. Os extratos acetato de etila e etanólico induziram 100% de mortalidade de larvas. Entretanto, quanto aos valores de concentração letal mediana (CL50), o extrato etanólico (CL50 = 2,1 mg mL-1) foi mais tóxico que o extrato acetato de etila (CL50 = 4,1 mg mL-1). O extrato etanólico estimou concentração inibitória mediana (CI50) de 3,0 mg mL-1 e foi mais tóxico que os demais extratos quanto a este parâmetro de avaliação. Entre os três extratos avaliados, os extratos acetato de etila e etanólico apresentaram os melhores resultados quanto ao controle de reprodução de R. (B.) microplus, atingindo 100% na concentração de 5 mg mL-1. Os extratos de raízes de L. Floribundus apresentaram atividade biológica sobre carrapato bovino.

Avaliação da resposta tecidual de extratos de araçá (Psidium Cattleianum) associado ao hidróxido de cálcio: análise edemogênica e histológica em ratos / Evaluation of tissue response of extracts of araça (Psidium cattleianum) associated with calcium hydroxide: edemogenic and hystological analysis in rats

Extratos de folhas de araçá (Psidium cattleianum) são biocompatíveis e quando associados ao hidróxido de cálcio [Ca(OH)2] inibe o Enterococcus faecalis em 24 horas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta tecidual dos extratos da folha de araçá associado com Ca(OH)2, por meio da análise edemogênica e histológica. Foram utilizados 80 ratos machos (Wistar) pesando entre 200g e 280g. Para a análise edemogênica foram utilizados 30 animais divididos em 3 grupos [Extrato aquoso + Ca(OH)2 (A), Extrato etanólico + Ca(OH)2 (B), Propilenoglicol + Ca(OH)2 (C)], com 10 animais sendo 5 para cada período de 3 e 6 horas. Sob anestesia geral foram injetados 0,2ml/100g de massa corporal de Azul de Evans a 1% na veia peniana, após 30 minutos foi injetado no subcutâneo da região dorsal cada associação a ser avaliada. A análise edemogênica foi realizada por meio de espectrofotometria (λ=630ηm) após 3 e 6 horas. Para análise da reação inflamatória foram utilizados 50 ratos, que receberam quatro tubos de polietileno contendo os grupos experimentais citados anteriormente e um grupo controle (tubo vazio). Os períodos de avaliação foram de 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias. As lâminas obtidas foram analisadas na coloração de Hematoxilina e Eosina atribuindo-se escores para intensidade da resposta tecidual. Observou-se que para a análise edemogênica a associação do extrato etanólico ao Ca(OH)2 mostrou no período de 3 horas maior edema em comparação aos outros grupos (p<0,05). No período de 6 horas os grupos não apresentaram diferença significante. Para a análise histológica foi observada evolução do reparo ao longo do tempo (p<0,05), os extratos aquoso e etanólico apresentaram resposta semelhante aos grupos controle e Ca(OH)2 + propilenoglicol. Pode-se concluir que a utilização de extratos de araçá como veículo do Ca(OH)2 apresentam resposta tecidual favorável assim como o propilenoglicol associado ao Ca(OH)2...

Leaf extracts from ’araçᒠ(Psidium cattleianum) are biocompatible and when combined with calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH) 2] inhibits Enterococcus faecalis in 24 hours. This study aimed to evaluate the tissue respons of the ’araça’ leaf extracts associated to Ca(OH)2 by edemogenic and histological analysis. Eighty male wistar rats weighing between 200 and 280g were used in this study. For edemogenic analysis, 30 animals were divided in 3 groups (n=10) - (a) aqueous ’araça’ extract + Ca(OH)2; (b) ethanolic extract + Ca(OH)2; (c) propylene glycol + Ca(OH)2. Half of the specimens were evaluated after 3 hours and half after 6 hours. Under general anesthesia, 0,2ml/100g body weight of 1% Evans blue were injected in the penile vein. After 30 minutes, each studied substance was injected in the subcutaneous. Edemogenic analysis was performed though spectrophotometry (λ=630ηm) after 3 and 6 hours. For the inflammatory reaction evaluation, 50 rats were used. Each rat received 4 polyethylene tubes containing the studied substances and one empty tube (control). Evaluation periods were 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. The tissues were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and scores were attributed for intensity of tissue response. The association of ethanolic extract to Ca(OH)2 presented larger edema after 3 hours than the other groups (p<0.05). After 6 hours there was no significant difference. On the histological analysis, an evolution on tissue repair was observed over time. The extract groups presented similar response to the Ca(OH)2 + propylene glycol and control. In conclusion that the use of guava extract as vehicle of Ca (OH)2 exhibit favorable tissue response as well as propylene associated with Ca (OH)2...

Avaliação da resposta tecidual de extratos de araçá (Psidium Cattleianum) associado ao hidróxido de cálcio: análise edemogênica e histológica em ratos / Evaluation of tissue response of extracts of araça (Psidium cattleianum) associated with calcium hydroxide: edemogenic and hystological analysis in rats

Extratos de folhas de araçá (Psidium cattleianum) são biocompatíveis e quando associados ao hidróxido de cálcio [Ca(OH)2] inibe o Enterococcus faecalis em 24 horas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta tecidual dos extratos da folha de araçá associado com Ca(OH)2, por meio da análise edemogênica e histológica. Foram utilizados 80 ratos machos (Wistar) pesando entre 200g e 280g. Para a análise edemogênica foram utilizados 30 animais divididos em 3 grupos [Extrato aquoso + Ca(OH)2 (A), Extrato etanólico + Ca(OH)2 (B), Propilenoglicol + Ca(OH)2 (C)], com 10 animais sendo 5 para cada período de 3 e 6 horas. Sob anestesia geral foram injetados 0,2ml/100g de massa corporal de Azul de Evans a 1% na veia peniana, após 30 minutos foi injetado no subcutâneo da região dorsal cada associação a ser avaliada. A análise edemogênica foi realizada por meio de espectrofotometria (λ=630ηm) após 3 e 6 horas. Para análise da reação inflamatória foram utilizados 50 ratos, que receberam quatro tubos de polietileno contendo os grupos experimentais citados anteriormente e um grupo controle (tubo vazio). Os períodos de avaliação foram de 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias. As lâminas obtidas foram analisadas na coloração de Hematoxilina e Eosina atribuindo-se escores para intensidade da resposta tecidual. Observou-se que para a análise edemogênica a associação do extrato etanólico ao Ca(OH)2 mostrou no período de 3 horas maior edema em comparação aos outros grupos (p<0,05). No período de 6 horas os grupos não apresentaram diferença significante. Para a análise histológica foi observada evolução do reparo ao longo do tempo (p<0,05), os extratos aquoso e etanólico apresentaram resposta semelhante aos grupos controle e Ca(OH)2 + propilenoglicol. Pode-se concluir que a utilização de extratos de araçá como veículo do Ca(OH)2 apresentam resposta tecidual favorável assim como o propilenoglicol associado ao Ca(OH)2

Leaf extracts from ’araçᒠ(Psidium cattleianum) are biocompatible and when combined with calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH) 2] inhibits Enterococcus faecalis in 24 hours. This study aimed to evaluate the tissue respons of the ’araça’ leaf extracts associated to Ca(OH)2 by edemogenic and histological analysis. Eighty male wistar rats weighing between 200 and 280g were used in this study. For edemogenic analysis, 30 animals were divided in 3 groups (n=10) - (a) aqueous ’araça’ extract + Ca(OH)2; (b) ethanolic extract + Ca(OH)2; (c) propylene glycol + Ca(OH)2. Half of the specimens were evaluated after 3 hours and half after 6 hours. Under general anesthesia, 0,2ml/100g body weight of 1% Evans blue were injected in the penile vein. After 30 minutes, each studied substance was injected in the subcutaneous. Edemogenic analysis was performed though spectrophotometry (λ=630ηm) after 3 and 6 hours. For the inflammatory reaction evaluation, 50 rats were used. Each rat received 4 polyethylene tubes containing the studied substances and one empty tube (control). Evaluation periods were 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. The tissues were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and scores were attributed for intensity of tissue response. The association of ethanolic extract to Ca(OH)2 presented larger edema after 3 hours than the other groups (p<0.05). After 6 hours there was no significant difference. On the histological analysis, an evolution on tissue repair was observed over time. The extract groups presented similar response to the Ca(OH)2 + propylene glycol and control. In conclusion that the use of guava extract as vehicle of Ca (OH)2 exhibit favorable tissue response as well as propylene associated with Ca (OH)2

Produtos em filme ? Inovação na tecnologia de cosméticos / Film products - Innovation in cosmetics technology

A indústria cosmética tem investido fortemente na pesquisa e no desenvolvimento de novos produtos, para melhor atender as exigências do consumidor. Como inovação neste segmento têm despontado os cosméticos em filme. A partir de uma fórmula inicial, contendo como formador de película um polissacarídeo constituído de maltotriose e como agente gelificante sodium polyacrylate, foram obtidos géis viscosos que foram espalhados em placas de vidro, de maneira a se obter filmes de 1 mm de espessura. Após secagem à temperatura ambiente, os mesmos foram recortados (1 cm2) e acondicionados. Várias alterações foram realizadas a fim de se obter um filme flexível, com rigidez adequada, ausência de rachaduras e de bolhas, fácil dissolução em água e sensorial agradável. As formulações foram submetidas a diferentes temperaturas para avaliação preliminar da estabilidade. Foram desenvolvidos dois produtos, um contendo extratos hidroglicólicos de Aloe Vera e de Rosa Branca, auxiliares no tratamento da acne, e outro contendo extratos hidroglicólicos de Camomila e de Pera, auxiliares no combate a olheiras. Pequenos, leves e finos, os cosméticos em filme representam inovação que pode ocupar o lugar de produtos tradicionais, por proporcionarem maior praticidade e facilidade de uso e de transporte, mantendo a eficácia e a segurança necessárias a um cosmético.

The cosmetics industry has invested heavily in the research and development of new products, to satisfy consumer demands. As a result of the innovation in this sector, cosmetics have emerged in film format. Starting from an initial formula containing a polysaccharide consisting of maltotriose units as a film former and sodium polyacrylate as gelling agent, viscous gels were obtained and dispersed in glass plate, in order to obtain 1 mm thick films. After drying to room temperature, they were cut out (1 cm2) and conditioned. Various alterations were carried out in order to obtain a film with good flexibility, adequate rigidity, without cracks and bubbles, easy dissolution in water and a pleasant feel. The formulations were submitted to different temperatures, for preliminary evaluation of their stability. Two products were developed: one containing hydroglicolic extracts from aloe vera and white rose, auxiliaries in the treatment of acne, and another containing hydroglicolic extracts from chamomile and of pear, used to combat dark circles under the eyes. Small, light and thin, film cosmetics are an innovation that can take the place of traditional products, as they offer greater practicality and ease of use and transport, maintaining the effectiveness and safety necessary for cosmetics.

Avaliação da atividade inibitória de extratos de plantas da savana brasileira sobre bactérias associadas às periodontopatias / Evaluation of inhibiting activity of plant extracts from the Brazilian savanna on bacteria associated with periodontopathies

O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de plantas do cerrado brasileiro sobre cepas de referência de espécies bacterianas associadas às periodontopatias. Foram usados extratos vegetais, aquosos e hidroalcoólicos de 17 plantas típicas do cerrado, preparados e submetidos a testes de atividade antimicrobiana sobre Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586, Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, Prevotella intermedia ATCC 2564 e Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 33384. Para a triagem inicial utilizou-se o método de difusão em ágar Wilkins-Chalgren acrescido de 0,5% de extrato de levedura, hemina, menadiona e 5% de sangue desfibrinado de cavalo inoculado previamente com 108 UFC da cepa bacteriana a ser testada, adicionando-se discos de papel de filtro impregnados com 20µl do extrato testado. Determinou-se a presença ou não de halo de inibição do crescimento bacteriano. Todos os extratos que apresentaram a mínima capacidade de inibir o crescimento bacteriano na triagem inicial foram submetidos a testes para avaliar a máxima diluição inibitória dos mesmos. Os resultados mostraram que os extratos das folhas de araçá, aroeira-do-sertão, guajuvira e de casca de jacarandá tiveram atividade inibitória frente a todos os microrganismos testados, embora o tempo de contato necessário para exercer essa atividade tenha variado significativamente de acordo com o extrato testado, destacando-se o extrato de araçá e a aroreira-do-sertão.

This article aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of plants from the Brazilian savanna on sample strains of bacterial species associated with periodontopathies. Vegetable, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts from 17 typical plants of the Brazilian savanna were prepared and subjected to antimicrobial activity tests on Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586, Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, Prevotella intermedia ATCC 2564 and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 33384. For the initial triage stage, the Wilkins-Chalgren agar dilution procedure was used, with the addition of 0.5% yeast extract, hemin, menadione and 5% defibrinated horse blood previously inoculated with 108 CFU of the bacterial strain to be tested, adding filter-paper disks soaked with 20µl of the tested extract. The presence or absence of inhibition halos of bacterial growth was determined. All extracts that presented at least minimum capacity to inhibit bacterial growth in the initial triage stage were subjected to tests in order to evaluate their maximum inhibitory dilution. The results showed that leaf extracts from the araçá (Psidium cattleianum), aroeira-do-sertão (Myracrodruon urundeuva) and guajuvira (Patagonula americana L.) plants, and the jacarandá tree bark showed inhibiting activity on all of the tested microorganisms, although the contact time needed to accomplish it varied significantly, depending on the extract tested. The best results were obtained with the araçá and aroreira-do-sertão extracts.

Alimentação de porcas gestantes e lactantes com dietas contendo saponinas

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of saponins on sows and their piglets performances. Thirty genetically homogeneous sows were distributed in two treatments: one control diet (CD) and a CD plus 160ppm of saponins. The experimental design was a completely randomized block. The studied variables in sows were feed supply, fecal characteristics (color and texture) and corporal score. In the piglets the studied variables were mummified fetuses, stillborn, born alive and total born, birth and weaning weights. Were not found differences in color in sows feces. The fecal texture for sows that received diets with saponins was about 11% more solid (P 0.05). In the end of nursing the sows fed with saponins presented a corporal score 12% higher (P 0.05), compared to the control females. The piglets of sows that received diets with saponins presented higher weights on birth (1.2 x 1.4kg) and at weaning (5.5 x 5.9kg) weights, both at P 0.05. Sows fed in the last 10 days of gestation and during the nursing period with diets containing 160ppm of saponins, had better corporal score in the end of nursing and their piglets had higher birth and weaning weights.

Foi realizado um experimento para avaliar o desempenho de porcas e suas leitegadas alimentadas com dietas que continham saponinas. Trinta porcas geneticamente homogêneas foram distribuídas em dois tratamentos, dieta testemunha e dieta testemunha com adição de 160ppm de fontes de saponinas. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, tendo como fator de bloqueamento a ordem de parto. Nas porcas, foram avaliados: o consumo de ração, características das fezes (cor e textura) e escore corporal. Nos leitões, foram avaliados: número de nascidos vivos, nascidos mortos, mumificados; pesos ao nascer e ao desmame e mortalidade na lactação. Não foram encontradas diferenças na cor das fezes das fêmeas. Na textura, as fezes das fêmeas que receberam a dieta com a adição de saponinas foram cerca de 11% mais duras (P 0,05). Na última semana de lactação, as fêmeas alimentadas com a adição de saponinas apresentaram um escore corporal 12% superior (P 0,05) às fêmeas controle. Não foram encontradas diferenças (P>0,05) nos leitões em relação as variáveis nascidos vivos, nascidos mortos e mumificados. Os leitões das fêmeas que receberam dietas contendo saponinas foram mais pesados (P 0,05) ao nascer (1,2 x 1,4kg) e ao desmame (5,5x 5,9kg). Porcas alimentadas nos últimos 10 dias de gestação e na lactação com dietas contendo 160ppm de saponinas têm melhor escore corporal no final da lactação e suas leitegadas são mais pesadas ao nascer e ao desmame.

Alimentação de porcas gestantes e lactantes com dietas contendo saponinas

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of saponins on sows and their piglets performances. Thirty genetically homogeneous sows were distributed in two treatments: one control diet (CD) and a CD plus 160ppm of saponins. The experimental design was a completely randomized block. The studied variables in sows were feed supply, fecal characteristics (color and texture) and corporal score. In the piglets the studied variables were mummified fetuses, stillborn, born alive and total born, birth and weaning weights. Were not found differences in color in sows feces. The fecal texture for sows that received diets with saponins was about 11% more solid (P 0.05). In the end of nursing the sows fed with saponins presented a corporal score 12% higher (P 0.05), compared to the control females. The piglets of sows that received diets with saponins presented higher weights on birth (1.2 x 1.4kg) and at weaning (5.5 x 5.9kg) weights, both at P 0.05. Sows fed in the last 10 days of gestation and during the nursing period with diets containing 160ppm of saponins, had better corporal score in the end of nursing and their piglets had higher birth and weaning weights.

Foi realizado um experimento para avaliar o desempenho de porcas e suas leitegadas alimentadas com dietas que continham saponinas. Trinta porcas geneticamente homogêneas foram distribuídas em dois tratamentos, dieta testemunha e dieta testemunha com adição de 160ppm de fontes de saponinas. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, tendo como fator de bloqueamento a ordem de parto. Nas porcas, foram avaliados: o consumo de ração, características das fezes (cor e textura) e escore corporal. Nos leitões, foram avaliados: número de nascidos vivos, nascidos mortos, mumificados; pesos ao nascer e ao desmame e mortalidade na lactação. Não foram encontradas diferenças na cor das fezes das fêmeas. Na textura, as fezes das fêmeas que receberam a dieta com a adição de saponinas foram cerca de 11% mais duras (P 0,05). Na última semana de lactação, as fêmeas alimentadas com a adição de saponinas apresentaram um escore corporal 12% superior (P 0,05) às fêmeas controle. Não foram encontradas diferenças (P>0,05) nos leitões em relação as variáveis nascidos vivos, nascidos mortos e mumificados. Os leitões das fêmeas que receberam dietas contendo saponinas foram mais pesados (P 0,05) ao nascer (1,2 x 1,4kg) e ao desmame (5,5x 5,9kg). Porcas alimentadas nos últimos 10 dias de gestação e na lactação com dietas contendo 160ppm de saponinas têm melhor escore corporal no final da lactação e suas leitegadas são mais pesadas ao nascer e ao desmame.