RESUMEN
Today, there are many e-commerce websites, but not all of them are accessible. Accessibility is a crucial element that can make a difference and determine the success or failure of a digital business. The study was applied to 50 e-commerce sites in the top rankings according to the classification proposed by ecommerceDB. In evaluating the web accessibility of e-commerce sites, we applied an automatic review method based on a modification of Website Accessibility Conformance Evaluation Methodology (WCAG-EM) 1.0. To evaluate accessibility, we used Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool (WAVE) with the extension for Google Chrome, which helps verify password-protected, locally stored, or highly dynamic pages. The study found that the correlation between the ranking of e-commerce websites and accessibility barriers is 0.329, indicating that the correlation is low positive according to Spearman's Rho. According to the WAVE analysis, the research results reveal that the top 10 most accessible websites are Sainsbury's Supermarkets, Walmart, Target Corporation, Macy's, IKEA, H&M Hennes, Chewy, Kroger, QVC, and Nike. The most significant number of accessibility barriers relate to contrast errors that must be corrected for e-commerce websites to reach an acceptable level of accessibility. The most neglected accessibility principle is perceivable, representing 83.1%, followed by operable with 13.7%, in third place is robust with 1.7% and finally understandable with 1.5%. Future work suggests constructing a software tool that includes artificial intelligence algorithms that help the software identify accessibility barriers.
RESUMEN
This article presents the process of building a dataset for evaluation of the accessibility of 368 web pages, beginning with Webometrics rankings, the WAVE tool was used in the evaluation of the web pages. The dataset documents data on repeated errors with higher frequency, in such a way that they alert the web developers, supporting them in creating more inclusive and accessible websites for all types of people, including users with disabilities. The data show that university websites have frequent problems related to the lack of alternative text linked to images. Some of the university websites included in this dataset were found to violate web accessibility requirements based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 and 2.1. Therefore, this data has been shared to allow replication of the experiment, and serve as an input to future studies related to web accessibility. The dataset is hosted, with public access, in the Mendeley Dataset Repository.
RESUMEN
Resumen Teniendo en cuenta que la accesibilidad Web es el arte de garantizar que los portales de la Internet puedan ser visitados y utilizados de forma satisfactoria por el mayor número posible de personas, es imprescindible evaluar sus contenidos empleando las herramientas adecuadas; por tal razón, esta investigación tiene como objetivo presentar un modelo metodológico para valorar estas herramientas automáticas y seleccionar, entre las existentes, las que tienen más criterios, contemplados en la WCAG 2.0. El modelo propuesto comprende una metodología cíclica y se denomina IPAC, por las siglas en inglés de sus cuatro etapas: Inspect-Plan-Assess-Categorize, que pretenden categorizar y/o recategorizar las herramientas de evaluación de accesibilidad Web, cuyas funciones incorporadas son cambiantes en el tiempo. La validación realizada de este modelo en julio de 2017 de dio como resultado la categorización de las cinco mejores herramientas de licencia libre por cada nivel de conformidad (A, AA y AAA).
Abstract Taking into account that Web accessibility is the art of ensuring that web portals can be visited and used satisfactorily by as many people as possible, it is indispensable to evaluate the Web contents using the appropriate tools, for this reason, this research work aims to present a methodological model to evaluate these automatic tools, and to select between the existing ones, the highest number of criteria (referred to in WCAG 2.0) can be assessed. The proposed model comprises a cyclic methodology and is called IPAC by the acronym in English of its 4 stages (inspect-plan-assess-categorize), the same ones that are intended to categorize and/or recategorize the Web Accessibility assessment tools, whose built-in functions are changed over time. The validation made in July 2017 of this model resulted in the categorization of the 5 best free license tools for each conformance level (A, AA and AAA).