Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese language version of the facial feminization surgery outcomes evaluation the Brazilian Portuguese language version of the FFSOE.

OBJECTIVE: To translate and validate the Facial Feminization Surgery Outcomes Evaluation in Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: A standard back-translation method was applied to obtain the final Brazilian Portuguese language version. In total, 21 Brazilian native Portuguese speakers transgender women with surgical intent and 21 Brazilian native Portuguese speakers transgender women without surgical intent were included in the study. The FFSOE was administered to both groups and all patients underwent a test-retest two weeks later. RESULTS: The FFSOE showed a high internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.8. The test-retest reliability was high with repeated measures being highly correlated in all items, except for item 3, where the difference was significant (p =  0.027). CONCLUSION: The FFSOE showed reliability, internal consistency and reproducibility in the evaluations. It is easy to understand and quick to apply, making it a simple tool for pre- and post-operative assessment in facial feminization surgeries. THE OXFORD 2011 LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Level 4.

Two years of innovative dermatological care: the first public health consultation service for the transgender and gender diverse community in Argentina.

BACKGROUND: The LGBTQI + community encounters distinct healthcare challenges due to discrimination and inadequate understanding of their needs. Dermatologists play a crucial role in addressing this by fostering inclusiveness, recognizing individual concerns, and adopting tailored approaches, thereby promoting a more equitable healthcare system. OBJECTIVE: To address the need for an inclusive healthcare space, the authors established the first dermatological practice exclusively for transgender and non-binary patients. This article presents a comprehensive two-year experience in a public hospital. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective and descriptive study, analyzing the medical records of 114 patients evaluated at a specialized dermatological practice between June 2021 and May 2023. Key variables assessed included self-identified gender, age, residence, access to private healthcare, human immunodeficiency virus status, hormonal treatment, surgical interventions, consultation motives, employment stability, and family support during gender expression transition. RESULTS: The present study included 114 patients, 49.1% trans men, 39.5% trans women, and 8.8% non-binary individuals. Trans men, on average younger than trans women (p < 0.001), predominantly sought care for body modification-related concerns, particularly acne and androgenetic alopecia. In contrast, trans women exhibited a more diverse range of consultation motives typically unrelated to hormonal or surgical procedures. STUDY LIMITATIONS: This study is retrospective and limited in geographic scope. Additionally, the patient population lacked diversity in terms of Black ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: The pioneering dermatological practice for transgender and non-binary patients exemplifies healthcare equity and cultural competence. Effective LGBTQI + healthcare requires addressing unique dermatological concerns while fostering inclusiveness and continuous learning within the medical community.

A pandemia de COVID-19 e casos de violência doméstica: percepções de profissionais da atenção primária à saúde no contexto de isolamento social / The COVID-19 pandemic and cases of domestic violence: perceptions of primary healthcare professionals in the context of social isolation / La pandemia de COVID-19 y la violencia doméstica: percepción de los profesionales de atención primaria de salud en el contexto del aislamiento social

Objetivo: analisar as percepções de profissionais da atenção primária à saúde de Paranaguá/PR sobre as relações entre a pandemia de COVID-19 e casos de violência doméstica em seus territórios adscritos, identificando desafios na abordagem, impactos nas famílias e manejo dos casos. Metodologia: pesquisa qualitativa com entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupos focais com 36 profissionais de duas unidades básicas de saúde de Paranaguá, litoral paranaense. Resultados: profissionais da atenção primária à saúde foram unânimes em relatar o aumento no número de casos de violência doméstica naquelas comunidades, com impactos tanto para mulheres, quanto para crianças e adolescentes, sendo o fechamento das escolas um fator agravante. Como principais desafios, foram reportados: a desestruturação da atenção primária à saúde durante o auge da pandemia com deslocamento de profissionais e recursos; desinformação sobre fluxos de encaminhamento nos casos de violência doméstica na rede intersetorial; medo dos profissionais, tanto da pandemia, quanto de denunciar casos de violência doméstica; e rotatividade de profissionais. Conclusão: o período de isolamento social causado pela pandemia intensificou os casos de violência doméstica segundo as percepções de profissionais da atenção primária à saúde de Paranaguá. O desmonte da rede intersetorial prejudicou ainda mais o cuidado de pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade e/ou violência. A ausência de diretrizes nacionais do governo federal deixou municípios e profissionais da atenção primária à saúde à própria sorte para lidar com o problema.

Objective: to analyze the perceptions of primary health care professionals in Paranaguá/PR about the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and cases of domestic violence in their assigned territories, identifying challenges in the approach, impacts on families and case management. Methodology: qualitative research was conducted using semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 36 professionals from two primary health care units in Paranaguá, on the Paraná coast. Results: primary health care professionals unanimously reported an increase in the number of domestic violence cases in those communities, affecting women, children, and adolescents, with the closure of schools identified as an aggravating factor. The main challenges highlighted were the disruption of primary health care services during the peak of the pandemic due to the reallocation of professionals and resources; misinformation about referral processes for domestic violence cases within the intersectoral network; fear among professionals regarding the pandemic and reporting domestic violence cases; and high staff turnover. Conclusion: the period of social isolation caused by the pandemic intensified domestic violence cases, according to the perceptions of primary health care professionals in Paranaguá. The dismantling of the intersectoral network further compromised the care of individuals in situations of vulnerability and/or violence. The absence of national guidelines from the federal government left municipalities and primary health care professionals on their own to deal with the issue.

Objetivo: analizar las percepciones de los profesionales de la atención primaria de salud de Paranaguá/PR sobre las relaciones entre la pandemia de COVID-19 y los casos de violencia doméstica en sus territorios asignados, identificando desafíos en el abordaje, impactos en las familias y gestión de casos. Metodología: investigación cualitativa con entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales con 36 profesionales de dos unidades básicas de salud de Paranaguá, en la costa de Paraná. Resultados: los profesionales de la atención primaria de salud fueron unánimes al reportar el aumento del número de casos de violencia doméstica en esas comunidades, con afectaciones tanto a mujeres, niños y adolescentes, siendo el cierre de escuelas un agravante. Se informaron los principales desafíos: la interrupción de la atención primaria de salud durante el apogeo de la pandemia con el desplazamiento de profesionales y recursos; desinformación sobre los flujos de derivación de casos de violencia doméstica en la red intersectorial; miedo entre los profesionales, tanto a la pandemia como a denunciar casos de violencia doméstica; y rotación profesional. Conclusión: el período de aislamiento social provocado por la pandemia intensificó los casos de violencia doméstica según la percepción de los profesionales de la atención primaria de salud en Paranaguá. El desmantelamiento de la red intersectorial perjudicó aún más la atención a personas en situación de vulnerabilidad y/o violencia. La ausencia de directrices nacionales por parte del gobierno federal dejó a los municipios y a los profesionales de atención primaria de salud a su suerte a la hora de abordar el problema.

Urinary incontinence in health workers as a predisposing factor for presenteeism in Chile: A mixed-methods exploratory study. / Incontinencia urinaria en trabajadoras de la salud como factor predisponente de presentismo en Chile: estudio exploratorio de método mixto.

Introduction: Urinary incontinence negatively impacts the quality of life and can harm work activities, causing presenteeism in health professionals and decreasing the quality of care and patient safety. The objective of this study is to explore the self-perception of health workers who suffer from urinary incontinence as a predisposing factor for presenteeism. Methods: Mixed study of an exploratory-descriptive nature. The sample was selected in a non-probabilistic and intentional way by criterion and convenience with a size of 14 volunteers, considering the saturation of the information. Reliability criteria defined by Guba for the process and analysis of thematic data were considered. Results: The sample had a mean age of 38.9 + 7.1 years and a mean SPS-6 score of 15.8 + 3.5 points, showing alteration in the dimension of avoiding deconcentration. The narratives in the case study provide relevant information on how urinary incontinence affects the work performance of health workers through the interruption in their day, decreases the quality of clinical care, and increases their anxiety regarding their environment. Conclusions: Urinary incontinence and presenteeism are subjective, and multidimensional experiences affect work performance. Therefore, further studies are recommended to identify predictor variables and the economic losses associated with this condition to establish improvements in the work environment and the self-care of female employees seeking greater benefits and better levels of efficiency in the organization.

Introducción: La incontinencia urinaria impacta de forma negativa la calidad de vida de quienes la padecen y puede perjudicar las actividades laborales, siendo causante de presentismo en las profesionales de salud. Esto puede implicar la disminución en la calidad de la atención y seguridad de la/el paciente. El objetivo del presente estudio es explorar la autopercepción de las trabajadoras de salud que padecen incontinencia urinaria como factor predisponente de presentismo. Métodos: Estudio mixto de carácter exploratorio-descriptivo. La muestra fue seleccionada de forma no probabilística e intencionada por criterio y conveniencia con un tamaño de 14 voluntarias, considerando la saturación de la información. Para el proceso y análisis de datos temáticos se consideraron los criterios de confiabilidad definidos por Guba. Resultados: Muestra con edad media de 38,9 + 7,1 años y un puntaje de SPS-6 medio de 15,8 + 3,5 puntos, mostrando mayor alteración en la dimensión de evitar la desconcentración. Las narrativas presentes en el caso estudiado aportaron información relevante de cómo la incontinencia urinaria afecta el desempeño laboral de las trabajadoras de salud a través de la interrupción en su jornada, disminución en la calidad de la atención clínica, como también el aumento de su ansiedad respecto a su entorno. Conclusiones: Dado que la incontinencia urinaria y el presentismo son experiencias subjetivas y multidimensionales, al igual que el efecto negativo en el desempeño laboral, se recomienda un estudio que permita identificar variables predictoras y las pérdidas económicas asociadas a esta condición. Con ello se buscaría establecer mejoras en el ambiente laboral, así como en el autocuidado de funcionarias, procurando mayores beneficios y mejores niveles de eficiencia en la organización.

Incontinencia urinaria en trabajadoras de la salud como factor predisponente de presentismo en Chile: estudio exploratorio de método mixto / Urinary incontinence in health workers as a predisposing factor for presenteeism in Chile: a mixed-methods exploratory study

INTRODUCCIÓN: La incontinencia urinaria impacta de forma negativa la calidad de vida de quienes la padecen y puede perjudicar las actividades laborales, siendo causante de presentismo en las profesionales de salud. Esto puede implicar la disminución en la calidad de la atención y seguridad de la/el paciente. El objetivo del presente estudio es explorar la autopercepción de las trabajadoras de salud que padecen incontinencia urinaria como factor predisponente de presentismo. MÉTODOS: Estudio mixto de carácter exploratorio-descriptivo. La muestra fue seleccionada de forma no probabilística e intencionada por criterio y conveniencia con un tamaño de 14 voluntarias, considerando la saturación de la información. Para el proceso y análisis de datos temáticos se consideraron los criterios de confiabilidad definidos por Guba. RESULTADOS: Muestra con edad media de 38,9 + 7,1 años y un puntaje de SPS-6 medio de 15,8 + 3,5 puntos, mostrando mayor alteración en la dimensión de evitar la desconcentración. Las narrativas presentes en el caso estudiado aportaron información relevante de cómo la incontinencia urinaria afecta el desempeño laboral de las trabajadoras de salud a través de la interrupción en su jornada, disminución en la calidad de la atención clínica, como también el aumento de su ansiedad respecto a su entorno. CONCLUSIONES: Dado que la incontinencia urinaria y el presentismo son experiencias subjetivas y multidimensionales, al igual que el efecto negativo en el desempeño laboral, se recomienda un estudio que permita identificar variables predictoras y las pérdidas económicas asociadas a esta condición. Con ello se buscaría establecer mejoras en el ambiente laboral, así como en el autocuidado de funcionarias, procurando mayores beneficios y mejores niveles de eficiencia en la organización.

INTRODUCTION: Urinary incontinence negatively impacts the quality of life and can harm work activities, causing presenteeism in health professionals and decreasing the quality of care and patient safety. The objective of this study is to explore the self-perception of health workers who suffer from urinary incontinence as a predisposing factor for presenteeism. METHODS: Mixed study of an exploratory-descriptive nature. The sample was selected in a non-probabilistic and intentional way by criterion and convenience with a size of 14 volunteers, considering the saturation of the information. Reliability criteria defined by Guba for the process and analysis of thematic data were considered. RESULTS: The sample had a mean age of 38.9 + 7.1 years and a mean SPS-6 score of 15.8 + 3.5 points, showing alteration in the dimension of avoiding deconcentration. The narratives in the case study provide relevant information on how urinary incontinence affects the work performance of health workers through the interruption in their day, decreases the quality of clinical care, and increases their anxiety regarding their environment. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary incontinence and presenteeism are subjective, and multidimensional experiences affect work performance. Therefore, further studies are recommended to identify predictor variables and the economic losses associated with this condition to establish improvements in the work environment and the self-care of female employees seeking greater benefits and better levels of efficiency in the organization.

Exploring the Impact of Protein Supplement Source on Body Composition in Women Practicing Anaerobic Resistance Exercise: A Pilot Study.

Supplements based on protein hydrolysates have been used as an effective source to access amino acids with greater bioavailability, promoting absorption to improve body composition. Five groups of young women were randomly selected. They followed a personalized eating plan that included different protein supplements (meat, vegan, branched-chain amino acids [BCAAs], whey, and control group), combined with an exercise plan, for eight weeks, aiming to assess their consumption effects combined with resistance exercise on body composition. Bioelectrical impedance before and after the treatment was conducted. The results showed that the supplementation with BCAAs presented a significant decrease (p < 0.05) on the BMI in this group (initial BMI = 19.7 kg/m2; final BMI = 19.4 kg/m2). When comparing the final measures among the groups, the BCAAs and vegan supplements caused a significant decrease in body weight (50.24 kg and 51.34 kg, respectively). The BMI of the group supplemented with meat proteins was statistically higher (22.06 kg/m2) than that the group supplemented with BCAAs (19.4 kg/m2) (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the type of protein consumed to produce muscle mass in the participants after eight weeks of study under a controlled diet and anaerobic resistance exercise. Participants exhibited energy deficiencies, but their macronutrient distribution appeared normal. Following an 8-week intervention, meat and BCAAs reduced weight and BMI, although no statistical differences were observed. It is recommended to extend the treatment for a more comprehensive understanding.

Laura E. Rodriguez Dulanto: El primer experimento clínico realizado por una médica graduada en el Perú / Laura E. Rodríguez Dulanto: The first clinical trial performed by a female physician in Peru

RESUMEN Laura Rodriguez Dulanto ha sido destacada por su calidad de primera mujer graduada en Medicina en el Perú, se ha señalado desde diversas perspectivas sus elevadas cualidades intelectuales, así como el esfuerzo y tesón para vencer las dificultades para seguir estudios universitarios, en particular en disciplinas científicas, entonces reservadas exclusivamente a varones. Se ha señalado sin embargo que por las limitaciones impuestas a las mujeres en la época tuvo una disminuida actividad profesional, y una escasa producción científica, lo cual no ha sido revisado por la historiografía existente. En el presente artículo se analiza, su producción científica especialmente el estudio "empleo de ictiol en la inflamación pélvica" mostrando sus ideas sobre la ciencia y la medicina e identificando un pensamiento claro, moderno e innovador, no exento de sensibilidad social, además de mostrarse como una aguda y minuciosa observadora de problemas clínico-quirúrgicos.

ABSTRACT Laura Rodriguez Dulanto has been highlighted for her status as the first woman to graduate in Medicine in Peru. Her high intellectual qualities have been noted from various perspectives, as well as her effort and tenacity to overcome the difficulties of pursuing university studies, particularly in scientific disciplines, then reserved exclusively for men. It has been pointed out, however, that due to the limitations imposed on women at the time, she had a diminished professional activity and little scientific production, which has not been reviewed by existing historiography. This article analyzes his scientific production, especially a clinical study developed in a women's hospital in Lima, Peru, showing his ideas about science and medicine and identifying a clear, modern and innovative thought, not exempt from social sensitivity, in addition. to show herself as a keen and thorough observer of clinical-surgical problems.

Casais de mulheres lésbicas e bissexuais que vivenciam a dupla maternidade: (des)encontros na produção do cuidado em saúde / Lesbian and bisexual couples experiencing dual motherhood: (dis)encounters in the provision of healthcare

Resumo O vínculo com os serviços de saúde é uma dimensão crucial para viabilizar o projeto materno de casais de mulheres lésbicas e bissexuais. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os significados culturalmente construídos sobre o vínculo com os serviços e profissionais de saúde por mulheres lésbicas e bissexuais que vivenciaram a dupla maternidade. Investigação qualitativa fundamentada na antropologia interpretativa. O corpus de pesquisa foi construído com base em entrevista em profundidade com 10 mulheres de 30 a 39 anos. Os resultados mostram que o acesso à parentalidade implicou um itinerário permeado por satisfações e sofrimentos devido a tentativas frustradas e perdas gestacionais. Também foram relatados percalços vivenciados na produção do cuidado em saúde devido a preconceitos, falta de empatia e despreparo de profissionais para lidarem com acompanhamento de pré-natal aos casais de mulheres lésbicas/bissexuais. As manifestações de discriminação foram mais contundentes em relação às mães não gestantes. Os resultados oferecem subsídios para implementação de políticas de humanização e planejamento de programas e serviços de saúde baseados em cuidados culturalmente sensíveis à diversidade para casais de mulheres lésbicas/bissexuais que vivenciam a transição para a maternidade.

Abstract The bond with healthcare services is a crucial dimension in facilitating the maternal journey of lesbian and bisexual women couples. This study aimed to analyze the culturally constructed meanings regarding the bond with healthcare services and professionals by lesbian and bisexual women who experienced dual motherhood. It is a qualitative investigation grounded in interpretative anthropology. The research corpus was built based on in-depth interviews with 10 lesbian and bisexual women, aged 30 to 39 years. The results indicate that access to parenthood, until its realization, involved a journey permeated by satisfactions and sufferings triggered by failed attempts and gestational losses. Challenges experienced in healthcare provision were also reported due to prejudices, lack of empathy, and unpreparedness of professionals in dealing with prenatal care for lesbian and bisexual women couples. Manifestations of discrimination were more pronounced concerning non-gestational mothers. The findings offer insights into implementing policies that prioritize humanization and planning programs and healthcare services based on culturally sensitive care for lesbian and bisexual women couples as they transition into dual motherhood.

A construção do cuidado na assistência às mulheres em situação de violência doméstica: perspectivas de trabalhadores e trabalhadoras da Estratégia Saúde da Família / The construction of care in assisting women in situations of domestic violence: perspectives of workers in the Family Health Strategy

Resumo A violência doméstica contra a mulher é um problema do campo da saúde, que tem na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) importante via de enfrentamento. Este estudo buscou compreender as práticas de cuidado com esse público, elaboradas por trabalhadores e trabalhadoras da ESF e do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família. A pesquisa foi marcada pelo advento da pandemia do coronavírus, que impossibilitou a presença no campo. Assim, foram utilizadas a entrevista semiestruturada on-line como principal fonte de dados, e a Análise Temática como estratégia de análise. Observa-se que a construção do cuidado se dá principalmente a partir da valorização das tecnologias leves e dos saberes práticos, que se manifestam principalmente por meio do que os participantes denominam "protocolos intuitivos". O estudo aponta ainda o medo de represálias, a desvinculação de julgamentos morais, a implicação da mulher, o desconhecimento da rede de assistência e a ausência de protocolos como principais desafios a serem superados. Também revela a importância do protagonismo dos saberes elaborados no trabalho vivo em ato para a formulação das estratégias de cuidado, articuladas com a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher, além da necessidade de novas produções com essa perspectiva.

Abstract Domestic violence against women is a problem in the field of health, which has the Family Health Strategy (ESF) as an important way of coping. This study sought to understand the care practices for this public, elaborated by workers of the ESF and the Expanded Family Health Center. The research was marked by the advent of the coronavirus pandemic, which made it impossible to be present in the field, thus, the online semi-structured interview was used as the main source of data, and the Thematic Analysis as an analysis strategy. It is observed that the construction of care takes place mainly from the appreciation of light technologies and practical knowledge, which are manifested mainly through what the participants call "intuitive protocols". The study also points out the fear of reprisals, the disengagement of moral judgments, the implication of the woman, the lack of knowledge about the assistance network and the absence of protocols as the main challenges to be overcome. It also reveals the importance of the protagonism of the knowledge elaborated in the live work in action for the formulation of care strategies, articulated with the National Policy of Integral Attention to Women's Health, in addition to the need for new productions with this perspective.

The relationship between women's personality traits and fear of childbirth, birth satisfaction, and postpartum depression

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between women's personality traits and their fear of childbirth, birth satisfaction, and postpartum depression. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and August 2022 among healthy third-trimester pregnant women aged 18-49 years who applied to the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic of a state hospital. Data were collected by the researchers by face-to-face interview method in three stages. Participants were administered the Personal Information Form, the Five-Factor Personality Scale, and the Birth Anticipation/Experience Scale at the first interview; the Birth Satisfaction Scale on the 10th day after normal birth; and the Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale 4 weeks after birth. RESULTS: There was a significant positive correlation between neurotic personality traits and fear of childbirth and postpartum depression, while there was a negative correlation with other personality traits (p<0.001). There was no significant relationship between birth satisfaction and personality traits (p>0.05). The effect of personality traits on fear of childbirth and postpartum depression was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. The regression model tested for the effect of personality traits on fear of childbirth and postpartum depression was found significant (p<0.001). According to the model, 26% of the variability in fear of childbirth and 9.1% of the variability in postpartum depression were explained by personality traits. CONCLUSION: This study showed that neuroticism, which is one of the personality traits of women, had a positive effect on fear of childbirth and postpartum depression. No significant relationship was found between birth satisfaction and personality traits.

A participação da mulher na difusão da psicanálise no Brasil no período de 1930 a 1950 / Female participation in psychoanalysis dissemination from 1930 to 1950 in Brazil / La participación de las mujeres en la difusión del psicoanálisis en Brasil de 1930 a 1950 / La participation des femmes dans la diffusion de la psychanalyse au Brésil de 1930 à 1950

Partindo da premissa de que, nos primeiros anos de difusão da psicanálise no Brasil, a participação feminina teve importante destaque tanto na introdução quanto na expansão das ideias freudianas no país, este estudo se propõe a delinear o papel de protagonismo assumido pelas mulheres junto ao movimento psicanalítico brasileiro. Para dar visibilidade a esse pioneirismo, o estudo foi organizado em três momentos. Inicialmente, serão apresentadas considerações gerais sobre o contexto da participação da mulher na sociedade brasileira durante a primeira metade do século XX e os primeiros movimentos de emancipação feminina. Na sequência, será abordado o modo como a psicanálise, entendida neste período histórico como movimento inovador e disruptivo, proporcionou espaço fecundo de interlocução para se pensar a expansão das conquistas das mulheres na esfera pública e social. Por fim, essas hipóteses serão articuladas por meio do esboço biográfico de duas destacadas pioneiras da psicanálise no Brasil: Virgínia Leone Bicudo e Marialzira Perestrello

Based on the assumption that women played a major role during the first years of psychoanalysis dissemination in Brazil both in introducing and expanding Freudian ideas in the country, this study outlines women's participation in the Brazilian psychoanalytic movement. To give visibility to this pioneering spirit, we divided the text in three moments. First, we contextualize women's participation in Brazilian society during the first half of the 20th century and the first emancipatory movements. We then discuss how psychoanalysis, understood as an innovative and disruptive movement, provided a fertile space of interlocution for exploring the expansion of women's participation in the public and social sphere. Finally, we articulate these hypotheses by means of the biographical outline of two outstanding pioneers of psychoanalysis in Brazil: Virgínia Bicudo and Marialzira Perestrello

Partiendo de la premisa de que, en los primeros años de difusión del psicoanálisis en Brasil, la participación femenina tuvo un importante papel tanto en la introducción como en la expansión de las ideas freudianas en el país, este estudio pretende esbozar el protagonismo de las mujeres en el movimiento psicoanalítico brasileño. Para dar visibilidad a este pionero, el estudio se organizó en tres momentos. Inicialmente, se presentarán consideraciones generales sobre el contexto de la participación de las mujeres en la sociedad brasileña durante la primera mitad del siglo XX y los primeros movimientos por la emancipación de la mujer. A continuación, se abordará el modo en que el psicoanálisis proporcionó un espacio fértil de interlocución para pensar la expansión de las conquistas femeninas en la esfera pública y social. Finalmente, estas hipótesis se articularán a través de la semblanza de dos destacadas pioneras del psicoanálisis en Brasil: Virgínia Leone Bicudo y Marialzira Perestrello

Fondé sur l'hypothèse que les femmes ont joué un rôle majeure dans les premières années de diffusion de la psychanalyse au Brésil dans l'introduction et l'expansion des idées freudiennes dans le pays, cette étude souligne leur participation prépondérant dans le mouvement psychanalytique brésilien. Pour donner de la visibilité à cet esprit pionnier, on a organisé l'étude en trois moments. Tout d'abord on contextualise la participation des femmes à la société brésilienne pendant la première moitié du XXe siècle et les premiers mouvements émancipatoires. Ensuite, on aborde la manière dont la psychanalyse, comprise comme un mouvement novateur et perturbateur, a fourni un espace d'interlocution fertile pour réfléchir à l'expansion des conquêtes des femmes dans la sphère publique et sociale. Enfin, ont articulera ces hypothèses par le biais de l'esquisse biographique de deux remarquables pionniers de la psychanalyse au Brésil: Virgínia Bicudo et Marialzira Perestrello

Concepções de mulheres negras sobre autocuidado em saúde reprodutiva / Conceptions of black women about self-care in reproductive health

Resumo Neste trabalho se buscou identificar as concepções de mulheres negras em vulnerabilidade socioeconômica de um bairro da Zona Noroeste do município de Santos sobre saúde e autocuidado em saúde reprodutiva. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 19 mulheres autodeclaradas negras. Os dados qualitativos foram submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados revelaram concepções acerca da saúde e do autocuidado que envolvem não apenas o aspecto biomédico, mas também a percepção de saúde integral. Concluiu-se que as mulheres consideram a saúde e o autocuidado como algo de grande importância, entretanto, atribuem ao profissional de medicina papel relevante na manutenção desse autocuidado, desconsiderando as práticas diárias que realizam de forma autônoma.

Abstract This work sought to identify the conceptions of black women in socioeconomic vulnerability in a neighborhood in the Northwest Zone of the municipality of Santos about health and self-care in reproductive health. This is a qualitative research carried out via semi-structured interviews with 19 self-declared black women. Qualitative data were submitted to Content Analysis. The results revealed conceptions about health and self-care that involve the biomedical aspect and a perception of integral health. In conclusion, women consider health and self-care very important; however, they attribute to the medical professional a relevant role in maintaining this self-care, disregarding the daily practices carried out autonomously.

Percepciones sobre la aplicación de principios bioéticos en mujeres puérperas en un Hospital público del Ecuador

Fundamento: El puerperio es el periodo de tiempo que comienza en la finalización del parto hasta las seis semanas posparto; durante el cual, es necesario brindar atención conforme a los principios bioéticos inscritos en la normativa de salud vigente en el Ecuador. Objetivo: Analizar las percepciones que tienen las mujeres puérperas sobre la aplicación de los 4 principios bioéticos durante la atención en salud. Metodología: El estudio es de tipo descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo. Los datos corresponden a 10 mujeres puérperas mayores de edad, atendidas en el Hospital Gineco Obstétrico Pediátrico de Nueva Aurora "Luz Elena Arizmendi" de la ciudad de Quito, que respondieron a una entrevista sobre los principios bioéticos aplicados en la atención recibida. Se realizaron análisis de contenido a través del software ATLAS TI versión 23. Resultados: Se obtuvo una percepción positiva de las mujeres puérperas acerca de la aplicación del principio de justicia. Por otra parte, se evidencian dificultades en el de autonomía, sobre todo en la comprensión de la información brindada a la paciente acerca de los procedimientos durante el parto y puerperio, además de coacciones por parte del personal sanitario. Se percibe el consentimiento informado como un mero trámite administrativo. El principio de beneficencia se lo asume como parte de la vocación del personal y la no maleficencia genera malestar si no va acompañado de información clara y oportuna. Conclusiones: Los principios bioéticos son transversales en la normativa de salud vigente, pero sobresale el de justicia en la atención a mujeres puérperas.

Background: The puerperium is the period of time beginning at the end of labor until six postpartum weeks; during which it is necessary to provide attention in accordance with the bioethical principles included in the current health guidelines in Ecuador. Objective: To analyze the perceptions that postpartum women have about the 4 bioethical principles application during health care. Methodology: The study type is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The data correspond to 10 adult postpartum women assisted at the Nueva Aurora "Luz Elena Arizmendi" Pediatric Obstetric and Gynecological Pediatric Hospital in the Quito city, who responded to an interview about the bioethical principles applied in the received care. Content analysis was conducted through ATLAS TI version 23 software. Results: A positive perception was obtained from postpartum women concerning the application of the Justice principle. Furthermore, difficulties are evident in the Autonomy section, mainly in the comprehension of the information provided to the patient about the procedures during the labor and puerperium, as well as coercion by health personnel. Informed consent is perceived as a mere administrative formality. The Beneficence principle is assumed as part of the vocation of the personnel and Non-maleficence generates discomfort if it is not accompanied by clear and opportune information. Conclusions: Bioethical principles are transversal in current health guidelines, but that of Justice stands out in the care of postpartum women.

"E Eu Não Sou Uma Mulher?" Confluências Entre a Psicanálise e a Mulher Negra / "And Am I Not a Woman?" Confluences Between Psychoanalysis and the Black Woman / "¿Y Yo No Soy Una Mujer?" Confluencias Entre el Psicoanálisis y la Mujer Negra

Este trabalho é um recorte de nossa pesquisa de mestrado, que se propôs a investigar, a partir de narrativas de mulheres negras, as percepções e significados de suas experiências enquanto mulheres, como também identificar os marcadores da diferença de suas vivências em torno da feminilidade e o que faz uma mulher negra experimentar a feminilidade de uma forma própria. Apoiamo-nos na perspectiva metodológica da pesquisa psicanalítica dos fenômenos sociais e políticos, por compreender que nossa questão advém de um impasse político-social, que foi examinado a partir da relação transferencial e da indissociabilidade entre teoria, clínica e pesquisa. Utilizamos o recurso de entrevistas enquanto instrumento para a produção do material de análise. Assim, entrevistamos três mulheres negras, convidadas a compartilhar suas histórias e experiências enquanto mulheres. A partir do debate teórico e do material levantado nas entrevistas, foi possível identificar as complexidades do processo de tornar-se mulher e negra, a partir dos marcadores difundidos no laço social, por possuir especificidades subjetivas. Para além disso, pensar no significado dos símbolos utilizados por mulheres negras e contar com uma outra mulher negra para apresentar esses elementos são direções que podem impactar a experiência da feminilidade dessas mulheres.

This work is part of our master's research, which has proposed to investigate, from narratives of black women, the perceptions and meanings of their experiences as women, as well as to identify the markers of the difference in their experiences around femininity and what makes a black woman experience femininity in her own way. We rely on the methodological perspective of psychoanalytic research on social and political phenomena, understanding that our issue stems from a political-social impasse, which has been examined from the transferential relationship and the inseparability between theory, clinic and research. We have used the interview resource as an instrument for the production of analysis material. Thus, we have interviewed three black women, which were invited to share their stories and experiences as women. From the theoretical debate and from the material that have raised in the interviews, it was possible to identify the complexities of the process of becoming woman and black, from the markers scattered through the social bond, as it has subjective specificities. Furthermore, thinking about the meaning of the symbols used by black women and relying on another black woman to present these elements are directions that can impact these women's experience of femininity.

Este trabajo forma parte de nuestra investigación de maestría, que se propuso indagar, a partir de narrativas de mujeres negras, las percepciones y significados de sus experiencias como mujeres, así como identificar los marcadores de la diferencia en sus experiencias en torno a la feminidad y que le permita experimentar la feminidad a su manera. Nos apoyamos en la perspectiva metodológica de la investigación psicoanalítica sobre los fenómenos sociales y políticos, entendiendo que nuestro problema surge de un impasse político-social, que fue examinado desde la relación transferencial y la inseparabilidad entre teoría, clínica e investigación. Utilizamos el recurso de la entrevista como instrumento para la producción de material de análisis. Así, entrevistamos a tres mujeres negras, invitadas a compartir sus historias y experiencias como mujeres. A partir del debate teórico y del material levantado en las entrevistas, fue posible identificar las complejidades del proceso de hacerse mujer y negra, a partir de los marcadores difundidos en el vínculo social, ya que tiene especificidades subjetivas. Además, pensar en el significado de los símbolos utilizados por las mujeres negras y confiar en otra mujer negra para presentar estos elementos son direcciones que pueden impactar la experiencia de la feminidad de estas mujeres.

Woman Varayoc of Peruvian Andes.

This study focuses on the importance of the symbolism of social control by the woman as the Varayoc (an office of authority of Incan origin) in a community in the Peruvian Andes. The objective is to explain the survival of the office of the Varayoc-traditionally held exclusively by men-and the acceptance of Andean women to it as a recognition of gender equality. In this field investigation, we interviewed and observed the most important activities of a woman Varayoc administering justice and present in all communal tasks. We conclude that women in the Peruvian Andes are approaching a status of equality with men in their position as the Varayoc, while maintaining the Incan tradition of local governance through the symbolism of the rod of command, which is also called Varayoc. It is evident that more women in the Andean community are interested in assuming political leadership with the symbolism of the ancestral Varayoc.

Iodine Intake and its Interindividual Variability in Brazilian Pregnant Women: EMDI Brazil Study.

Data on pregnant women's iodine intake are limited in Brazil. The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of foods, food groups, and food subgroups to the Brazilian pregnant women's iodine intake, and identify which food items explain the interindividual variability of their intake. A cross-sectional study with food consumption data of 2247 pregnant women from 24-h recalls was developed. Food items were classified according to the FAO/WHO GIFT classification, and their contribution to iodine intake and interindividual variability was assessed by the proportion of means method and linear regression, respectively. The mean usual iodine intake was 163.1 mcg (95% CI: 162.9-163.2). The food groups "spices and condiments," "cereals and their products," and "milk and milk products"; and the food subgroups "herbs and spices," "wheat and wheat-based products," "milk: fresh and processed," "dough-based sweets," and "eggs: fresh and processed" contributed to at least 80% of the iodine intake. Of these, only the food subgroups "milk," "dough-based sweets," and "eggs" did not explain the higher proportion (> 80%) of the interindividual variability. The contribution of "salt," "white French bread," "fluid whole milk," and "rice" to the iodine intake and its interindividual variability is highlighted. This study confirms the importance of "salt" as a dietary source of iodine and that few food groups and subgroups explained the difference in the iodine intake among pregnant women. Despite that, Brazilian staple foods, such as "rice," "beans," "eggs," "milk," and "bread" were identified as important for iodine intake and could be included in nutritional guidelines targeted to Brazilian pregnant women.

Encuesta sobre factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en la mujer, su percepción, conocimiento y conducta de prevención / Survey on Women's Perception and Awareness of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and How They Are Managed

RESUMEN Introducción : La enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) es la principal causa de muerte en la mujer. A pesar de esto, las mujeres reciben menos frecuentemente que los hombres asesoramiento y/o tratamiento preventivo con el objetivo de disminuir la ECV. Objetivo : Detectar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRC) y pesquisar el nivel de percepción y conocimiento de la mujer sobre FRC y ECV. Material y métodos : Estudio observacional, de corte transversal realizado en julio 2021, mediante una encuesta en formato digital de participación anónima y voluntaria. Se recabó información sobre edad, FRC, ECV, percepción de riesgo, implemen tación de hábitos y conductas saludables. Resultados : Participaron 3338 mujeres. El 50,1% tenía entre 46 y 65 años. El 34,1% tenía sobrepeso, el 43,6% perímetro de cintura mayor que 80 cm, el 24,2% hipertensión (HTA), el 19,6% colesterol mayor que 200 mg/dL, el 5,4% diabetes (DBT); 44,3% eran sedentarias, 11,3% fumaban y 34,5% eran exfumadoras. El 82,1% tuvo al menos un embarazo y el 26,9% refirió alguna complicación. Entre las pacientes con antecedentes de complicaciones del embarazo fueron significativamente más frecuentes la HTA (34% vs 24%, p <0,01), la DBT (7% vs 5%, p = 0,04) y la ECV (14% vs 11%, p <0,01). Del total de encuestadas 10,9% refirió ECV, el antecedente de infarto de miocardio fue el más frecuente (51,1%). El 62% de las encuestadas consideró que la principal causa de muerte en la mujer es el cáncer, particularmente de mama (53,4%). Conclusiones : Se encontró una alta prevalencia de FRC modificables con baja percepción del riesgo cardiovascular. El antecedente de complicaciones del embarazo se asoció con mayor prevalencia de FRC.

ABSTRACT Background : Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women. Nevertheless, women are less likely than men to receive guidance or preventive treatment to reduce it. Objective : The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) and detect the level of women's perception and awareness of CRF and CVD. Methods : We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study in July 2021 using a voluntary, anonymous, and online survey. The information collected included age range, CRF, CVD, risk perception and implementation of healthy habits and behaviors. Results : A total of 3888 women participated (with age range between 46 and 65 years in 50.1%); 34.1% had excess weight and 43.6% had a waist circumference > 80 cm. Hypertension (HTN) was reported by 24.2%; total cholesterol was > 200 mg/ dL in 19.6%; 5,4% were diabetics (DM); 44.3% had sedentary lifestyle; 11.3% were current smokers and 34.5% were former smokers; 82.1% had been pregnant at least once and 26.9% reported a complication during pregnancy. A bad obstetric history was more commonly associated with HTN (34% vs. 24%, p < 0.01), DM (7% vs. 5%, p = 0.04) and CVD (14% vs. 11%, p <0.01). Among the 10.9% who reported a history of CVD, myocardial infarction was the most common condition (51.1%). Sixty-two percent of survey respondents considered that cancer, and particularly breast cancer (53.4%), is the main cause of death in women (53.4%). Conclusions : We found a high prevalence of modifiable CRFs with low perception of cardiovascular risk. A bad obstetric history was associated with higher prevalence of CRF.

La salud en la mujer empresaria: derechos y desafíos

La crisis causada por la pandemia de la COVID-19 posibilitó una mayor incorporación de la mujer al trabajo por cuenta propia, lo que ha favorecido la economía familiar y de los países. La mujer emprendedora ha enfrentado las dificultades de la brecha de género y la ansiedad por mantener el equilibrio entre la vida familiar y la empresarial. Este trabajo se propone visibilizar los problemas de salud de las féminas empresarias -muy poco estudiados en Cuba-, ya que se necesitan entornos laborales seguros, que garanticen sus derechos al bienestar integral, y así lograr una mayor productividad.

The crisis caused by COVID-19 pandemics made it possible greater incorporation of women to self-employment, which has favored the family and countries' economies. Woman entrepreneur has faced difficulties of the gender gap and the anxiety of maintaining the balance between family and business life. This work aims to make visible the health problems of women entrepreneurs -very little studied in Cuba-, since safe work environments are needed, which guarantee their rights to comprehensive well-being, and thus achieve greater productivity.

Impacto psicossocial da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde mental de pessoas transexuais e travestis: revisão integrativa / Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of transgender and transvestite people: integrative review / Impacto psicosocial de COVID-19 en la salud mental de las personas transgénero y travestis: revisión integrativa

Este estudo objetivou identificar, analisar e integrar resultados de estudos que examinaram o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde mental de pessoas transexuais e travestis. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, em conformidade com as diretrizes PRISMA. Conduziu-se uma busca sistemática dos estudos primários publicados em três bases de dados: PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS e PsycINFO. Foram incluídos oito estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. A análise temática do material gerou seis categorias temáticas. Os estudos analisados apontaram que a situação de vulnerabilidade social ao qual as pessoas trans encontram-se submetidas no cotidiano foi ampliada durante a pandemia. A necessidade do distanciamento físico resultou no aumento de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, agravamento das condições econômicas, dificuldades para acessar procedimentos e medicamentos que compõem o processo de afirmação de gênero, além de exacerbar conflitos familiares e manifestações de transfobia. Há necessidade de implementar políticas públicas e uma rede de proteção social para diminuir a vulnerabilidade e sofrimento psicossocial de pessoas trans. (AU)

This study aimed to identify, analyze, and integrate findings from studies that examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of transgender and transvestite individuals. An integrative literature review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search of primary studies was conducted across three databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, and PsycINFO. Eight studies that met the inclusion criteria were included. Thematic analysis of the material generated six thematic categories. The studies analyzed pointed out that the situation of social vulnerability faced by trans people in their daily lives intensified during the pandemic. The need for physical distancing led to increased symptoms of anxiety and depression, worsening economic conditions, and difficulties in accessing procedures and medications that make up the gender affirmation process, in addition to exacerbating family conflicts and manifestations of transphobia. Therefore, there is a need to implement public policies and a social protection network to reduce the vulnerability and psychosocial suffering of the transgender and transvestite community. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio es identificar, analizar e integrar los resultados de los estudios que examinaban el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la salud mental de las personas transexuales y travestis. Se realizó una revisión integrativa de acuerdo con las directrices PRISMA en tres bases de datos: PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS y PsycINFO. Se incluyeron ocho estudios que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. El análisis temático del material generó seis categorías temáticas. Los estudios analizados señalaron que la situación de vulnerabilidad social a la que están sometidas las personas trans en la vida cotidiana se amplió durante la pandemia. La necesidad de distanciamiento físico se tradujo en el aumento de los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, el agravamiento de las condiciones económicas, las dificultades para acceder a los procedimientos y medicamentos que componen el proceso de afirmación del género, además de exacerbar los conflictos familiares y las manifestaciones de transfobia. Es necesario aplicar políticas públicas y una red de protección social para reducir la vulnerabilidad y el sufrimiento psicosocial de las personas transgénero. (AU)

El enigma del coronavirus - La variante BA.2.86 del SARS-CoV-2 - Lo nuevo sobre el COVID prolongado - Vacunas - Premios Nobel

El coronavirus ha continuado paseándose por el mundo con nuevas variantes, algunas consideradas de preocupación. Las hospitalizaciones aumentaron en algunas partes con la variante BA.2.86, especialmente en personas mayores obesas o con morbilidad, pero han disminuido, así como los fallecimientos. Las mujeres que gestaron mediante técnicas de reproducción asistida tuvieron similar morbilidad que quienes gestaron espontáneamente, pero con más resultados maternoperinatales adversos en aquellas de mayor edad, con embarazos múltiples, nuliparidad, índice de masa corporal >30. Los niños que nacieron al inicio de la pandemia mostraron un microbioma de diferente composición que quienes nacieron antes de la pandemia, lo que pudiera afectar su salud más adelante en la vida. Las personas que presentan COVID prolongado, un cuarto de ellas sufre secuelas en órganos y sistemas, con limitación y años perdidos de actividades, así como posibilidad de muerte prematura. El COVID prolongado ocurre más en mujeres entre 35 y 49 años y en quienes tienen menos ingresos económicos. Podrían desarrollar diabetes tipo 2. Habría interacciones directas entre el SARS-CoV-2 y proteínas mitocondriales esenciales en la producción de energía. El ARN viral ha sido detectado en lesiones ateroescleróticas coronarias y la espiga ha sido hallada en huesos del cráneo, meninges y cerebro. Las vacunas contra el coronavirus protegen a las gestantes y sus recién nacidos a través de transferencia placentaria y la lactancia. En la población, la inmunidad protectora de la infección y de las vacunas declina con el tiempo y se requerirá nueva vacunación con una regularidad aún no determinada.

The coronavirus has continued to move around the world with new variants, some of which are of concern. Hospitalizations increased in some places with the BA.2.86 variant, especially in obese or morbid elderly people, but have decreased, as have deaths. Women who gestated by assisted reproductive techniques had similar morbidity as those who gestated spontaneously, but with more adverse maternal-perinatal outcomes in those older, with multiple pregnancies, nulliparity, body mass index >30. Children born at the beginning of the pandemic showed a different microbiome composition than those born before the pandemic, which could affect their health later in life. Among people with long COVID, a quarter of them suffer organ and system sequelae, with limitation and lost years of activity, as well as the possibility of premature death. Long COVID occurs more in women between 35-49 years of age and in those with lower income. They could develop type 2 diabetes. There would be direct interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial proteins essential in energy production. Viral RNA has been detected in coronary atherosclerotic lesions and the spike has been found in skull bones, meninges and brain. Coronavirus vaccines protect pregnant women and their newborns through placental transfer and lactation. In the population, protective immunity from infection and vaccines declines over time and new vaccination will be required at an as yet undetermined regularity.