Photothermal switch by gallic acid-calcium grafts synthesized by coordination chemistry for sequential treatment of bone tumor and regeneration.

The residual bone tumor and defects which is caused by surgical therapy of bone tumor is a major and important problem in clinicals. And the sequential treatment for irradiating residual tumor and repairing bone defects has wildly prospects. In this study, we developed a general modification strategy by gallic acid (GA)-assisted coordination chemistry to prepare black calcium-based materials, which combines the sequential photothermal therapy of bone tumor and bone defects. The GA modification endows the materials remarkable photothermal properties. Under the near-infrared (NIR) irradiation with different power densities, the black GA-modified bone matrix (GBM) did not merely display an excellent performance in eliminating bone tumor with high temperature, but showed a facile effect of the mild-heat stimulation to accelerate bone regeneration. GBM can efficiently regulate the microenvironments of bone regeneration in a spatial-temporal manner, including inflammation/immune response, vascularization and osteogenic differentiation. Meanwhile, the integrin/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was revealed to be involved in the effect of osteogenesis induced by the mild-heat stimulation. The outcome of this study not only provides a serial of new multifunctional biomaterials, but also demonstrates a general strategy for designing novel blacked calcium-based biomaterials with great potential for clinical use.

Dissolved carbon in biochar: Exploring its chemistry, iron complexing capability, toxicity in natural redox environment.

Dissolved black carbon (DBC) plays a crucial role in the migration and bioavailability of iron in water. However, the properties of DBC releasing under diverse pyrolysis conditions and dissolving processes have not been systematically studied. Here, the compositions of DBC released from biochar through redox processes dominated by bacteria and light were thoroughly studied. It was found that the DBC released from straw biochar possess more oxygen-containing functional groups and aromatic substances. The content of phenolic and carboxylic groups in DBC was increased under influence of microorganisms and light, respectively. The concentration of phenolic hydroxyl groups increased from 10.0∼57.5 mmol/gC to 6.6 ∼65.2 mmol/gC, and the concentration of carboxyl groups increased from 49.7∼97.5 mmol/gC to 62.1 ∼113.3 mmol/gC. Then the impacts of DBC on pyrite dissolution and microalgae growth were also investigated. The complexing Fe3+ was proved to play a predominant role in the dissolution of ferrous mineral in DBC solution. Due to complexing between iron ion and DBC, the amount of dissolved Fe in aquatic water may rise as a result of elevated number of aromatic components with oxygen containing groups and low molecular weight generated under light conditions. Fe-DBC complexations in solution significantly promoted microalga growth, which might be attributed to the stimulating effect of dissolved Fe on the chlorophyll synthesis. The results of study will deepen our understanding of the behavior and ultimate destiny of DBC released into an iron-rich environment under redox conditions.

The impact of early-life conditions on visual discrimination abilities in free-ranging laying hens.

Conditions during incubation and rearing can greatly affect the developmental trajectory of chickens, in a positive and negative way. In this study, the effect of early-life conditions on the visual discrimination abilities of adult, free-ranging laying hens was examined. These early-life treatments entailed incubation in a 12/12h green light/dark cycle and rearing with Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) as foraging enrichment. Through a modified pebble-floor test, 171 hens of 41 to 42 wk old, housed in mobile stables with outdoor access, were tested for their ability to discriminate between food and nonfood items (mealworms and decoy mealworms). Each hen was allowed 60 pecks during the trial, from which the overall success rate, as well as within-trial learning was investigated. The latter was accomplished by dividing the 60 pecks into 3 blocks of 20 pecks and comparing the success rate between these blocks. Due to another ongoing experiment on range use, roughly half the hens received range enrichment (mealworms) at the time of testing, so this was included as a covariate in the analysis. Incubation with green light did not have an effect on the visual discrimination abilities of adult laying hens. Rearing with BSFL did have a limited beneficial effect on the visual discrimination abilities, as evidenced by a higher success rate during the first block of the visual discrimination trial. These enhanced visual discrimination abilities might be useful in a more complex free-range setting, where the animals have more foraging opportunities. Hens that received range enrichment at the time of testing, also had a higher success rate during the visual discrimination test, though they had a lower degree of test completion, likely due to habituation to the mealworms as an enrichment. The positive effects of BSFL during rearing and mealworms during the laying period stress the importance of enrichment throughout the life of the hens.

Droperidol administration among emergency department patients with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to examine the common usage patterns of droperidol in the relatively unrestricted environment of an urban, academic medical center. We focused specifically on the most common use of droperidol in our department: patients with a chief complaint of abdominal pain, nausea, and/or vomiting. METHODS: For this retrospective, observational, single-center study, we extracted records of all administrations of droperidol from August 2019 to August 2020. Patients with a chief complaint of abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting, or any combination thereof, were included in data analysis. RESULTS: Between April 2019 to August 2020, 830 discrete patient visits involving droperidol administration were identified, comprising 706 patients. The average age was 39 years old with a range of 15 to 80. Seven patients (0.08%) were younger than 18, and 35 (4%) were older than 65. Five hundred sixty-five patients (68%) were female. Droperidol doses ranged from 0.625 mg to 5 mg intravenous (IV), with a median dose of 0.625 mg (interquartile range 0.625-1.25 mg), with 590 patients (71%) receiving a dose of 0.625 mg. Only 19 patients (2.3%) had a documented adverse event. Seven had akathisia or restlessness, 7 had anxiety or agitation, 3 had dystonia or stiffness, 1 had fatigue, and 1 had dizziness. For the entire cohort, there were no cardiac dysrhythmias, syncope, seizures, other major adverse events, or fatalities recorded. CONCLUSION: At one institution, droperidol is being used commonly for the chief complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, and/or vomiting. The preferred dosing is nearly universally below the 2.5 mg IV dose for which the FDA warning applies. Similar to previous studies, identification of adverse events was rare, and no major adverse outcomes such as dysrhythmia or death were identified.

Metals and other trace elements in plasma and feathers of seabirds breeding in Svalbard.

We assessed the concentrations of metals and other trace elements in two of the most common seabird species breeding on Svalbard, the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and the Brünnich's guillemot (Uria lomvia). Both of these species feed mostly on fish and crustaceans but have different foraging strategies, kittiwakes being surface feeders while guillemots are divers. We investigated the concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) in the plasma and body feathers of black-legged kittiwakes (n = 17), as well as in the body feathers of Brünnich's guillemots (n = 13). Samples were collected from adult birds at two time points, one week apart during July 2017 in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Of the non-essential trace elements, As was found at the highest median concentration at both the first (56.23 ng/g ww) and second (39.99 ng/g ww) sampling timepoints in the kittiwake plasma. When separating for the sexes, as well as sampling time, males sampled at the first sampling time point had significantly higher concentrations of As (median at 0.087 ng/g versus 0.039 ng/g) and Se (median 0.26 ng/g versus 0.16 ng/g) compared to males sampled at the second time point. There was no significant difference in plasma concentrations between females at first and second sampling time points. Kittiwake feathers contained significantly higher concentrations of As, Cd and Hg than guillemot feathers, while guillemot feathers had significantly higher concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn. However, of the non-essential elements in both kittiwake and guillemot feathers Hg was found with the highest median concentrations at 5160 and 1080 ng/g, respectively exceeding the level 5000 ng/g associated with adverse effect (e.g., impaired reproduction). Levels of Hg and Se found in the kittiwake feathers were higher than previous studies on seabirds in the Arctic.

3D printed biopolymer/black phosphorus nanoscaffolds for bone implants: A review.

Bone implantation is one of the recognized and effective means of treating bone defects, but osteoporosis and bone tumor-related bone abnormalities have a series of problems such as susceptibility to infection, difficulty in healing, and poor therapeutic effect, which poses a great challenge to clinical medicine. Three-dimensional things may be printed using 3D printing. Researchers can feed materials through the printer layer by layer to create the desired shape for a 3D structure. It is widely employed in the healing of bone defects, and it is an improved form of additive manufacturing technology with prospective future applications. This review's objective is to provide an overview of the findings reports pertaining to 3D printing biopolymers in recent years, provide an overview of biopolymer materials and their composites with black phosphorus for 3D printing bone implants, and the characterization methods of composite materials are also summarized. In addition, summarizes 3D printing methods based on ink printing and laser printing, pointing out their special features and advantages, and provide a combination strategy of photothermal therapy and bone regeneration materials for black phosphorus-based materials. Finally, the associations between bone implant materials and immune cells, the bio-environment, as well as the 3D printing bone implants prospects are outlined.

Assessment of potential toxic elements in soils, sediments, and vegetation in the surroundings of Anapa, Russia.

The study presented here reports the concentration of major, trace, and rare earth elements in soil, sediments, and vegetation samples collected from 13 locations around Anapa City located on the northern coast of the Black Sea in Russia. The neutron activation analysis technique has been used to fulfill this objective. Along with this, the bioconcentration and translocation factors were calculated. Overall, the content of 31 elements was detected in soil and sediments while 20 elements were determined in three types of vegetation: macroalgae (Cystoseira sp. and Ulva sp.), aquatic plants (Phragmites australis), and sea grass (Zostera sp.). The quantified concentration followed the order soil > sediment > vegetation. The phytotoxic levels for Zn, V, Mn, and Fe have been quantified as the highest. Bromine was the most abundant and accumulated in Phragmites australis. Based on the results obtained from this investigation, there is a possibility of contamination in the study area.

Seasonal changes in invertebrate diet of breeding black-necked cranes (Grus nigricollis).

Invertebrates greatly support the growth, development, and reproduction of insectivorous birds. However, the influence of human activity (e.g., pesticide use, deforestation, and urbanization) inevitably leads to a decrease in global arthropods. The diversity and variation in invertebrate diet influence the food composition of birds, especially species living in rapidly changing environments, such as the Tibetan Plateau. However, little is known of the seasonal variation in invertebrate diet in response to environmental changes. Here, we characterized the invertebrate diet composition in pre- and post-breeding black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis) using fecal metabarcoding. We identified 38 invertebrate genera; the top three were Tipula (82.1% of relative abundance), Ceramica (3.0%), and unclassified_Hymenoptera (2.5%), with Tipula predominated the diet in both seasons. We also observed 20 and 16 unique genera in the pre- and post-breeding periods, and the genera composition was distinct between seasons (R = .036, p = .024). In pre-breeding, black-necked cranes tended to consume more diverse foods, and individual cranes exhibited greater heterogeneity at the genus level. At the genera and species level, pre-breeding black-necked cranes showed a wider dietary niche than post-breeding cranes. We observed season-specific features, with Tipula (common crane fly) and Stethophyma (grasshoppers) being enriched in the post-breeding period and Ceramica (moth) being more abundant in the pre-breeding period. Three Tipula species had the greatest importance in discriminating between seasonal diets. This study demonstrated a seasonal pattern of invertebrate diet in the black-necked crane, suggesting diet composition in response to resource and species availability. These results elaborate on the foraging ecology of highland birds and can inform the management of black-necked crane conservation.

Interaction and band structure-determined inhibition of negative Cr (VI) and positive Fe (III) for antibiotic photodegradation by nitrogen-doped dissolved black carbon.

The influences of the positive Fe3+ and the negative Cr2O72- on the tetracycline (TC) photodegradation by N-doped dissolved black carbon (NDBC) have been investigated in this work. A series of samples (NDBC300, NDBC400 and NDBC500) have been extracted from the corresponding biochar. NDBC400 has the best photodegradation performance (79%) for TC under visible light irradiation. Adding Cr2O72- and Fe3+ can reduces TC photodegradation efficiency into 37% and 53%, respectively. This maybe from that Cr2O72- has stronger interaction with NDBC400 than Fe3+ since it can quench more fluorescence intensity of NDBC400 than Fe3+. Furthermore, Cr2O72- can reduce the steady-state concentration of 3NDBC400*, 1O2 and •OH, whereas Fe3+can just reduce the steady-state concentration of 3NDBC400* and increase the concentration of •OH. This may explain why Cr2O72- has stronger inhibit performance of TC photodegradation by NDBC400 than Fe3+. The band structures of NDBC400, NDBC400-Fe3+ and NDBC400-Cr2O72- are constructed. And the VB of NDBC400-Fe3+ has a stronger ability to produce •OH than NDBC400. In summary, coupling interaction and band structure characterization of NDBC400, NDBC400-Fe3+ and NDBC400-Cr2O72- can explain well why Cr2O72 has stronger inhibition effect than Fe3+ and Fe3+ can increase the concentration of •OH. This work provides a deep insight for the photochemical behavior of dissolved black carbon and the transformation behavior of the co-existed metal ions and antibiotics.

Unraveling the role of black soldier fly larvae in chicken manure conversion: Facilitating maturation and enhancing humification.

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have garnered considerable attention for their efficacy in mitigating waste management challenges. However, their potential in treating antibiotics contaminated chicken manure remains uncertain. This study investigates the physicochemical properties changes and nutrient dynamics during the composting of contaminated-chicken manure using BSFL. The results indicate that BSFL treatment reduces electrical conductivity (by 6.01-58.09 %), organic matter, and dissolved organic carbon content in chicken manure throughout the composting process, while maintaining a more stable pH value (pH ~ 6.0-8.0). This is attributed to the consumption of organic matter by BSFL and the subsequent promotion of organic acid formation. Additionally, BSFL treatment improves the degree of aromatization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in chicken manure and increases the proportions of fulvic acid (up to 48.77 %) and humic acid (maximally 14.27 %) within the DOM. The germination index and pot experiments indicated improved compost maturity and plant growth in BSFL-treated composts. Furthermore, BSFL meal demonstrated high protein and essential fatty acid content, highlighting its potential as a protein supplement in animal feed. This study underscores the efficacy of BSFL in enhancing compost quality and nutrient availability, offering a sustainable solution for waste management and animal feed production.

The genome sequence of black poplar, Populus nigra subsp. betulifolia L., 1753 (Salicaceae).

We present a genome assembly from an individual Populus nigra subsp. betulifola (black poplar; Tracheophyta; Malpighiales; Salicaceae). The genome sequence is 413.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly (99.73%) is scaffolded into 19 chromosomal pseudomolecules. Mitochondrial and plastid genomes were also assembled. Three mitochondrial assemblies have lengths of 281.85, 335.57 and 186.15 kilobases, and the plastid genome has a length of 156.37 kilobases.

Human-wildlife conflict at high altitude: A case from Gaurishankar conservation area, Nepal.

Human-wildlife conflict studies of high-altitude areas are rare due to budget constraints and the challenging nature of research in these remote environments. This study investigates the prevalence and increasing trend of human-wildlife conflict (HWC) in the mountainous Gaurishankar Conservation Area (GCA) of Nepal, with a specific focus on leopard (Panthera pardus) and Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus laniger). The study analyzes a decade of HWC reports and identifies goats as the livestock most targeted by leopards. The Dolakha district of GCA received the highest number of reports, highlighting the need for mitigation measures in the area. In GCA, livestock attacks accounted for 85% of compensation, with the remaining 15% for human injuries. We estimate that the number of reported wildlife attacks grew on average by 33% per year, with an additional increase of 57 reports per year following the implementation of a new compensation policy during BS 2076 (2019 AD). While bear attacks showed no significant change post-rule alteration, leopard attack reports surged from 1 to 60 annually, indicating improved compensation may have resulted in increased leopard-attack reporting rates. The findings emphasize the economic impact of HWC on local communities and suggest strategies such as increasing prey populations, promoting community education and awareness, enhancing alternative livelihood options, developing community-based insurance programs, and implementing secure enclosures (corrals) to minimize conflicts and foster harmonious coexistence. This research addresses a knowledge gap in HWC in high-altitude conservation areas like the GCA, providing valuable insights for conservation stakeholders and contributing to biodiversity conservation and the well-being of humans and wildlife.

Ultrathin BSA-Stabilized Black Phosphorous Nanoreactor Boosts Mild-Temperature Photothermal Therapy Through Modulation of Cellular Self-Defense Fate.

Mild-temperature photothermal therapy (mild-PTT, 42-45 °C) offers a higher level of biosafety. However, its therapeutic effects are compromised by the heat shock response (HSR), a cellular self-defense mechanism, which triggers the overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) with the capacity of repairing the damaged tumor cells. Herein, this work fabricates a novel nanoreactor by incorporating up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), chlorin e6 (Ce6), and glucose oxidase (GOx) onto the ultrathin black phosphorus nanosheet (BPNS) (denoted as GOx-BUC). This nanoreactor amplifies mild-PTT effects under irradiation with an 808 nm laser, modulating HSPs-mediated cellular self-defense fate. On one hand, upon irradiation with a 980 nm laser, UCNPs can transfer energy to excite Ce6, leading to the generation of ROS burst, which achieves indiscriminate damage to HSPs activity in deeper tumor tissues. On the other hand, GOx can consume glucose, thereby depleting the ATP energy supply and further suppressing HSPs expression. Consequently, GOx-BUC exhibits excellent anti-tumor efficacy under mild temperature in a human colorectal cancer mouse model, resulting in complete tumor inhibition with negligible side effects. This black phosphorous nanoreactor, featuring dual-track HSPs destruction functionality, introduces novel perspectives for enhancing mild-PTT effectiveness while maintaining high biosafety.

Evaluating Operation Good Food & Beverages, a Black Youth-Driven Public Advocacy Campaign.

BACKGROUND: Food and beverage (F&B) marketing practices that contradict health guidelines are particularly concerning for children and adolescents, who are developmentally more susceptible than adults to persuasive advertising and to Black communities, due to ethnically-targeted marketing, contributing to higher rates of obesity and other diet-related chronic diseases. Accordingly, here we evaluated Operation Good Food and Beverages (OGF&B), an online social marketing campaign calling for shifting toward more marketing of healthier F&B to Black youth and Black communities. METHODS: OGF&B was developed and implemented by a multidisciplinary team of academic, advocacy, and advertising partners and active for four months in 2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary campaign components were social media content (e.g., TikTok, Instagram), and an informational website with a signable petition and a social media toolkit. Our mixed-methods evaluation used qualitative data to contextualize quantitative metrics like online impressions, website visits, and petition signatures. Qualitative data consisted of analysis of social media content and thematic elements from 15 interviews with campaign advisors, youth consultants, and influencers. RESULTS: The campaign achieved 3,148,869 impressions, 3,799 unique website visits, and 1,077 petition signatures. Instagram Reels and content featuring people had higher engagement. Instagram Reels received more likes than static posts or TikTok videos. Interviewees who participated mentioned personal values and community welfare as key motivations. Social media influencers who declined participation noted time constraints and lack of compensation as barriers. CONCLUSION: Despite pandemic-related restrictions that precluded in-person engagement, this brief campaign implementation period provided useful insights for leveraging OGF&B or similar campaigns.

Pediatric Morbidity Among Black Haitians in Canada: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: In the U.S., Black children have disproportionately elevated rates of pediatric morbidity compared with White children, but data are lacking for other countries. We studied the extent to which Black Haitians were at risk of pediatric morbidity in Canada. METHODS: We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 736,498 children born in Quebec between 2008 and 2020. We identified Black Haitians using the mother tongue and birth country of parents. The outcome was mortality or hospitalization for infectious diseases, allergy, cancer, and other morbidity between birth and 12 years of age. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for these outcomes, comparing Haitians with non-Haitians in Cox regression models adjusted for patient characteristics. RESULTS: Compared with non-Haitians, Haitians tended to have a greater risk of pediatric mortality, especially before age 2 years (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.00-2.45). However, Haitian children had a lower risk of hospitalization than non-Haitian children (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.59-0.63). Haitians were less likely to be hospitalized for infectious diseases, allergies, appendicitis, cancers, fractures, dental caries, and ophthalmologic conditions. Hospitalization rates were low throughout childhood, even though Haitian children were more likely to be born preterm, develop severe neonatal morbidity, and have other adverse outcomes at birth. CONCLUSION: Haitian children have an elevated risk of neonatal morbidity and early childhood mortality, but lower risk of hospitalization compared with non-Haitians in Canada. The reasons for the disparity are unclear, but greater effort is needed to address potential gaps in healthcare among Black children.

Racial Discrimination, Social Support, and Psychological Distress Among Black Pregnant Women.

BACKGROUND: Black pregnant women who experience racial discrimination are at an increased risk of psychological distress. Studies have not adequately addressed if social support may moderate the association between experiences of racial discrimination and psychological distress among Black pregnant women. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the moderating effect of social support on the association between experiences of racial discrimination and psychological distress among Black pregnant women. METHODS: We report findings based on cross-sectional data collected from 599 Black pregnant women enrolled in a prospective cohort study prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Women completed questionnaires about experiences of racial discrimination (Experiences of Discrimination), social support (MOS Social Support Survey), and psychological distress (Psychological General Wellbeing Index). RESULTS: Women had an average age of 26 ± 5 years and gestational age at data collection of 17 ± 6 weeks. Approximately 53% of women reported ever experiencing racial discrimination in at least one situation, and 54% reported psychological distress. After adjustment for covariates, racial discrimination was associated with a 2.2-fold increase in psychological distress (odds ratio [OR] = 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-3.70; P = .002). Low social support (scores below the median) was associated with a 3.8-fold higher likelihood of psychological distress (OR = 3.84, 95% CI 2.27-6.48, P < .001). Social support did not moderate the association of lifetime experiences of racial discrimination with psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of the study contribute to evidence that lifetime experiences of racial discrimination and low levels of social support relate to psychological distress among Black pregnant women.

'Ain't I a Nurse', implementing a digital illustration of resistance when challenging anti-Black racism in nursing education.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, ongoing reports have highlighted the urgency of addressing anti-Black racism within Canada's healthcare system. The paucity of research within a Canadian context has created growing concerns among Millennials and Generation Zs for healthcare to address growing health disparities and health inequities that are attributed to institutional and structural racism. Recognizing the paradigm shift that has occurred because of the pandemic and the sleuth of racial killings, the nursing classroom has witnessed a change and a need for nursing education to be relevant for the cohort of nursing students who are seeking answers. The scarcity of nursing literature addressing diverse forms of learning demonstrates the need for nursing education to explore new ways of being diverse, inclusive and innovative when teaching intergenerationally. In this paper, the author challenges nurse educators to revisit the student-educator relationship by introducing critical digital pedagogy to dismantle anti-Black racism and promote student-educator engagement for transformative learning to occur. As an educator, the author implements the use of digital illustration as a tool of resistance for students and educators to assess, engage, act and reflect on creating change within nursing education. Using Black feminist thought and culturally responsive learning, the author introduces an arts-based approach through the innovative design of an illustration, titled, 'Ain't I a Nurse. Combining historical stories with contemporary socio-political experiences, the author demonstrates how students and educators can enter a cognitive learning experience where they can connect mentally and emotionally, and in so doing re-envision and recreate a new world that centralizes equity, diversity and inclusivity through critical discourses. Through the illustration anti-Black racism is challenged and anti-Black racism resistance is discovered as an antidote in dismantling anti-Black racism within nursing education.

Boosting Zn-Ion Storage Behavior of Pre-Intercalated MXene with Black Phosphorus toward Self-Powered Systems.

MXene-based Zn-ion capacitors (ZICs) with adsorption-type and battery-type electrodes demonstrate high energy storage and anti-self-discharge capabilities, potentially being paired with triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) to construct self-powered systems. Nevertheless, inadequate interlayer spacing, deficient active sites, and compact self-restacking of MXene flakes pose hurdles for MXene-based ZICs, limiting their applications. Herein, black phosphorus (BP)-Zn-MXene hybrid is formulated for MXene-based ZIC via a two-step molecular engineering strategy of Zn-ion pre-intercalation and BP nanosheet assembly. Zn ions as intercalators induce cross-linking of MXene flakes with expandable interlayer spacing to serve as scaffolds for BP nanosheets, thereby providing sufficient accessible active sites and efficient migration routes for enhanced Zn-ion storage. The density functional theory calculations affirm that zinc adsorption and diffusion kinetics are significantly improved in the hybrid. A wearable ZIC with the hybrid delivers a competitive areal energy of 426.3 µWh cm-2 and ultra-low self-discharge rate of 7.0 mV h-1, achieving remarkable electrochemical matching with TENGs in terms of low energy loss, matched capacity, and fast Zn-ion storage. The resultant self-powered system efficiently collects and stores energy from human motion to power microelectronics. This work advances the Zn-ion storage of MXene-based ZICs and their synergy with TENG in self-powered systems.

Seasonal variation in non-volatile flavor substances of fresh tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) by integrated lipidomics and metabolomics using UHPLC-Q-Exactive mass spectrometry.

Harvest season exerts great influence on tea quality. Herein, the variations in non-volatile flavor substances in spring and summer fresh tea leaves of four varieties were comprehensively investigated by integrating UHPLC-Q-Exactive based lipidomics and metabolomics. A total of 327 lipids and 99 metabolites were detected, among which, 221 and 58 molecules were significantly differential. The molecular species of phospholipids, glycolipids and acylglycerolipids showed most prominent and structure-dependent seasonal changes, relating to polar head, unsaturation and total acyl length. Particularly, spring tea contained higher amount in aroma precursors of highly unsaturated glycolipids and phosphatidic acids. The contents of umami-enhancing amino acids and phenolic acids, e.g., theanine, theogallin and gallotannins, were increased in spring. Besides, catechins, theaflavins, theasinensins and flavone/flavonol glycosides showed diverse changes. These phytochemical differences covered key aroma precursors, tastants and colorants, and may confer superior flavor of black tea processed using spring leaves, which was verified by sensory evaluation.