Aplicación de la calidad basada en el diseño (QbD) en la reformulación de tabletas masticables / Application of Quality by Design (QbD) to reformulation of chewable tablets

El presente trabajo ilustra la implementación de los principios de la calidad basada en el diseño (QbD) en la fabricación industrial de medicamentos. Como caso de estudio se eligió la elaboración de tabletas masticables, cuya formulación y proceso de manufactura se rediseñaron. Se tomó como punto de partida la definición del perfil de calidad para el producto, el que sirvió de base para identificar los atributos críticos de calidad. Posteriormente, se analizó el impacto y la criticidad de cada una de las operaciones de fabricación en la calidad del producto, y para cada una de las operaciones que resultaron críticas, se realizó el análisis de riesgos. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, se diseñaron e implementaron las estrategias de mitigación, logrando una formulación acorde con las expectativas desde el punto de vista organoléptico y la reducción en un 25% de los tiempos de producción.

This research work illustrates the implementation of Quality by Design (QbD) principles into pharmaceutical industry. The manufacture of chewable tablets was chosen as case study. In this way, product formulation and preparation procedure were reformulated. The starting point was the definition of the product quality profile from which the critical quality attributes were identified. Also, the impact and the criticality of each stage of manufacture for the product were examined regarding to their influence in achieving the critical quality attributes. Risk assessment was made for critical manufacture stages and considering the results, mitigation strategies were proposed and implemented. This leads to a formulation satisfying the requirements for the organoleptic properties like the 25% reduction in the production time.

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de formas farmacêuticas sólidas contendo didanosina / Development and evaluationof solid dosage forms with didanosine

A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS) é uma doença de amplo espectro de manifestações, sendo razão de preocupação para qualquer autoridade sanitária. A terapêutica da AIDS é complexa sendo utilizados vários medicamentos, diversas vezes ao dia. Deste modo, objetivou-se o desenvolvimento de formas farmacêuticas sólidas como comprimidos tamponados mastigáveis (CTM), comprimidos com revestimento gastro-resistentes (CRGR) e pellets (PEL) para a veiculação de didanosina (ddl). Seis especialidades farmacêuticas na forma de CTM forma estudadas quanto ao perfil de dissolução, pH do meio e capacidade neutralizante ácida (CNA). Formulações teste de CTM foram propostas visando obter CNAs e perfis de dissolução adequados. Também foram testadas formulações de comprimidos e de pellets para posterior revestimento com filme gastro-resistente derivado do ácido metacrílico. Os ensaios de dissolução das amostras de CTM revelaram diferenças nas características de liberação do fármaco. Também foram observadas diferenças relacionadas a CNA. As formulações de CTM propostas apresentaram, na maioria dos casos, adequados perfis de dissolução e CNA. As formulações CRGR que receberam revestimento gastro-resistente apresentaram perfis de dissolução de ddl adequados, entretanto os comprimidos testados intumesceram em meio ácido, indicando descontinuidade do filme polimérico sobre os comprimidos. Testes para a produção de pellets veiculando ddl mostraram-se adequados quanto à morfologia e dissolução do fármaco, o mesmo sendo observado após o revestimento com filme gastro-resistente

The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease that manifests itself in a myriad of ways. Because of this, the condition has been subject of concern to all sanitary authorities. The treatment of AIDS is complex and many types of medicine are used, many times a day. The objective of the present study was to develop solid pharmaceutical dosage forms such as buffered chewable tablets (CTM), gastro-resistant coating tablets (CRGR) and pellets (PEL) for the loading of didanosine (ddl). Six pharmaceutical specialties in the form of CTM were studied so as to identify the profile of the dissolution, the pH of the environment, and the neutralizing acid capacity (CNA). The use of CTM tests formulations was proposed with the objective of obtaining adequate CNA and dissolution profiles. Different compositions of tablets and pellets were tested for a later addition of gastro-resistant film derived from the methacrylic acid. The experiments on the dissolution of the sample of CTM showed differences in the characteristic of the release of the substance. Differences related to the CNA were also observed. The formulations of the CTM proposed showed to have, in the most number of the cases, both adequate dissolution behavior and CNA. The formulations of the CRGR that had received the gastro-resistant coating showed adequate profile of ddl dissolution; the tested tablets, however, swelled in the acid environment, therefore indicating a lack of continuity of the polymeric film over the tablets. The tests for the production of pellets showed adequate results as to its morphology and dissolution of ddl. The same was observed after coating the pellets with gastro-resistant film.