Unlocking the complete blood count as a risk stratification tool for breast cancer using machine learning: a large scale retrospective study.

Optimizing early breast cancer (BC) detection requires effective risk assessment tools. This retrospective study from Brazil showcases the efficacy of machine learning in discerning complex patterns within routine blood tests, presenting a globally accessible and cost-effective approach for risk evaluation. We analyzed complete blood count (CBC) tests from 396,848 women aged 40-70, who underwent breast imaging or biopsies within six months after their CBC test. Of these, 2861 (0.72%) were identified as cases: 1882 with BC confirmed by anatomopathological tests, and 979 with highly suspicious imaging (BI-RADS 5). The remaining 393,987 participants (99.28%), with BI-RADS 1 or 2 results, were classified as controls. The database was divided into modeling (including training and validation) and testing sets based on diagnostic certainty. The testing set comprised cases confirmed by anatomopathology and controls cancer-free for 4.5-6.5 years post-CBC. Our ridge regression model, incorporating neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, red blood cells, and age, achieved an AUC of 0.64 (95% CI 0.64-0.65). We also demonstrate that these results are slightly better than those from a boosting machine learning model, LightGBM, plus having the benefit of being fully interpretable. Using the probabilistic output from this model, we divided the study population into four risk groups: high, moderate, average, and low risk, which obtained relative ratios of BC of 1.99, 1.32, 1.02, and 0.42, respectively. The aim of this stratification was to streamline prioritization, potentially improving the early detection of breast cancer, particularly in resource-limited environments. As a risk stratification tool, this model offers the potential for personalized breast cancer screening by prioritizing women based on their individual risk, thereby indicating a shift from a broad population strategy.

Hematological and serum biochemistry evaluation in howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) and capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella): A comparative study.

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of blood parameters in captive non-human primates (NHPs) is crucial for monitoring their health and ensuring that their environment meets their physiological requirements. METHODS: We performed hemogram, serum biochemistry, and parasitological exams in 20 howler monkeys and 21 capuchin monkeys. RESULTS: In both species, over 50% of the individuals presented at least one parasite. There was a negative effect of age on red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell, platelets, total protein, globulin, and alkaline phosphatase, and a positive effect on the A:G ratio, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and mean platelet volume (MPV). Capuchin monkeys presented the highest platelets and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values and howler monkeys presented the highest MPV, aspartate aminotransferase, ALT, amylase, glucose, bilirubin, and triglycerides values. We observed an interaction between species and sex on RBC, Htc, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: Species differences found in blood parameters may reflect differences in physiological adaptations associated with ecological and morphological traits and are clinically relevant for evaluating animal health and the suitability of breeding programs.

Hemograms and serial hemogram-derived ratios in survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19 in Campinas, Brazil.

Introduction: The hemogram and hemogram-derivative ratios (HDRs) are becoming markers of the severity and mortality of COVID-19. We evaluated the hemograms and serial weekly HDRs [neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-platelet ratio (NPR) and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII)] in the survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical notes and serial hemograms of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 adults hospitalized from April 2020 to March 2021 from the time of diagnosis to the 3rd week of diagnosis. Results: Of the 320 adults, 257 (80.3%) were survivors and had a lower mean age than the non-survivors (57.73 vs. 64.65 years, p < 0.001). At diagnosis, the non-survivors had lower lymphocyte (p = 0.002) and basophil (p = 0.049) counts and the hematocrit showed a p-value (Is this what you meant???) of 0.021); higher NLR (p < 0.001), PLR (p = 0.047), NPR (p = 0.022) and SII (p = 0.022). Using general linear models, the survivors and non-survivors showed significant variations with weekly lymphocyte count (p < 0.001), neutrophil count (p = 0.005), NLR (p = 0.009), MLR (p = 0.010) and PLR (p = 0.035). All HDRs remained higher in the non-survivors in the 2nd week and 3rd week of diagnosis and the HDRs were higher in the intubated patients than in the non-intubated patients. The NLR and SII were more efficient predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: This study shows that serial lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, NLR, PLR, MLR, NPR and SII could serve as good and easily accessible markers of severity and predictors of outcomes in COVID-19 patients and should be used for the monitoring of treatment response.

Hematological disorders in preterm newborns born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) has been related to impaired fetal growth, possibly by affecting hematopoiesis. This study aimed to analyze the most frequent hematological alterations in preterm infants born to mothers with PIH. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in newborns born to mothers with PIH. We reviewed 130 hemograms of preterm infants: 45 from mothers with PIH, 71 with preeclampsia, and 14 with HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count). Normality, cytosis conditions, or cytopenia values were adjusted for gestational ages. Differences between groups were analyzed with classical and Bayesian statistics (BF01 = null/alternative hypothesis ratio). RESULTS: Anemia was found in only 1.2% of newborns. In the white blood cell count, the most frequent finding was lymphopenia (56.2%) and monocytosis (38.5%) (p = 0.6, FB01 = 249 y p = 0.81, FB01 = 19.9). Thrombocytopenia was found in 12.5% (p = 0.56, FB01 = 67). No significant differences were observed among PIH groups. CONCLUSIONS: Hematological alterations of newborns born to mothers with PIH are frequent and do not show a distinct pattern related to the severity of the affection in the mother. We recommend a full hematological evaluation in these preterm neonates.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo (EHE) se ha relacionado con alteraciones en el crecimiento fetal, posiblemente porque afecta la hematopoyesis. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las alteraciones hematológicas más frecuentes en los recién nacidos prematuros hijos de madres con EHE. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en recién nacidos de madres con EHE. Se revisaron los hemogramas de 130 neonatos prematuros: 45 madres con hipertensión gestacional, 71 con pre-eclampsia y 14 con síndrome de HELLP (hemólisis, enzimas hepáticas elevadas y bajo recuento de plaquetas). Las cifras de normalidad, condiciones de citosis o citopenia fueron ajustadas a las edades gestacionales. Las diferencias entre los grupos se analizaron con estadística clásica y bayesiana (FB01= relación hipótesis nula/alterna). RESULTADOS: Se encontró anemia en solo el 1.2% de los recién nacidos. En la serie blanca el hallazgo más frecuente fue la linfopenia (56.2%) y monocitosis (38.5%) (p = 0.6, FB01 = 249 y p = 0.81, FB01 = 19.9). La plaquetopenia se encontró en el 12.5% (p = 0.56, FB01 = 67). No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de EHE. CONCLUSIONES: Las alteraciones hematológicas en recién nacidos de madres con EHE son frecuentes sin mostrar un patrón distinto con relación a la gravedad del padecimiento de la madre. Aun así, es recomendable la valoración hematológica en estos neonatos.

Multifaceted Interplay among Social Dominance, Body Condition, Appetitive and Consummatory Sexual Behaviors, and Semen Quality in Dorper Rams during Out-Of-Season and Transition Periods.

Dorper rams (n = 24) were evaluated during the sexual resting season to determine their social rank (SR), either high (HSR) or low (LSR), under intensive management conditions in northern Mexico (25° N). Aggressive behaviors were quantified during male-to-male interactions, and appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviors during male-to-female interactions. Morphometric, live weight (LW), and body condition score (BCS) were recorded. During the early reproductive season, male-to-female behaviors were newly itemized simultaneously by seminal quality and quantity sampling. Finally, the dependent variables of the hemogram components were also quantified. Neither LW (61.25 ± 2.4 kg) nor morphometric variables differed between SR groups. However, BCS (2.25 vs. 2.66 u), sexual behaviors (i.e., approaches: 59.6 vs. 21.73 n, mating with ejaculation: 77.7 vs. 42.86 %, latency to ejaculation: 16.6 vs. 143.07 s), ejaculate volume (0.57 vs. 0.23 mL), and hemogram components favored the HSR rams (p < 0.05). Moreover, in their first male-to-female interaction, >50% of the LSR rams failed to display any sexual activity. HSR rams displayed a greater number of threatening behaviors, managing to displace LSR rams when exposed to estrus ewes during the male sexual resting season; more sexual behaviors; and an increased seminal volume in a non-live weight-dependent fashion.

Effect of Thermal Stress on Thermoregulation, Hematological and Hormonal Characteristics of Caracu Beef Cattle.

This study evaluated the influence of environmental temperature on thermoregulation, hormonal, and hematological characteristics in Caracu cattle. Blood samples, hair length, coat and muzzle colors, rectal (RT), and surface temperatures were collected from 48 males and 43 females before (morning) and after sun exposure for eight hours (afternoon). Infrared thermography (IRT) was used to identify superficial temperature that exhibits a high correlation with RT. Hematological parameters, hormone concentrations, RT, and the superficial temperature obtained by IRT that exhibited the highest correlation with RT were evaluated by variance analysis. Regarding IRT, the lower left side of the body (LS) showed the highest correlation with the RT. Interaction between period and sex was observed for LS, cortisol, and eosinophils. Cortisone, progesterone, and RT were influenced by period and sex. Neutrophils and segmented neutrophils were influenced by the period, which showed the highest concentrations after sun exposure. Platelets, leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes were influenced by sex. Heat stress changes several physiological characteristics where males and females exhibited differences in their responses to heat stress. Furthermore, most characteristics evaluated remained within the regular values observed for taurine Creole breeds, showing that Caracu is adapted to tropical climates.

Hematological disorders in preterm newborns born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension / Alteraciones hematológicas en recién nacidos pretérmino de madres con enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo

Abstract Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) has been related to impaired fetal growth, possibly by affecting hematopoiesis. This study aimed to analyze the most frequent hematological alterations in preterm infants born to mothers with PIH. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in newborns born to mothers with PIH. We reviewed 130 hemograms of preterm infants: 45 from mothers with PIH, 71 with preeclampsia, and 14 with HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count). Normality, cytosis conditions, or cytopenia values were adjusted for gestational ages. Differences between groups were analyzed with classical and Bayesian statistics (BF01 = null/alternative hypothesis ratio). Results: Anemia was found in only 1.2% of newborns. In the white blood cell count, the most frequent finding was lymphopenia (56.2%) and monocytosis (38.5%) (p = 0.6, FB01 = 249 y p = 0.81, FB01 = 19.9). Thrombocytopenia was found in 12.5% (p = 0.56, FB01 = 67). No significant differences were observed among PIH groups. Conclusions: Hematological alterations of newborns born to mothers with PIH are frequent and do not show a distinct pattern related to the severity of the affection in the mother. We recommend a full hematological evaluation in these preterm neonates.

Resumen Introducción: La enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo (EHE) se ha relacionado con alteraciones en el crecimiento fetal, posiblemente porque afecta la hematopoyesis. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las alteraciones hematológicas más frecuentes en los recién nacidos prematuros hijos de madres con EHE. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en recién nacidos de madres con EHE. Se revisaron los hemogramas de 130 neonatos prematuros: 45 madres con hipertensión gestacional, 71 con pre-eclampsia y 14 con síndrome de HELLP (hemólisis, enzimas hepáticas elevadas y bajo recuento de plaquetas). Las cifras de normalidad, condiciones de citosis o citopenia fueron ajustadas a las edades gestacionales. Las diferencias entre los grupos se analizaron con estadística clásica y bayesiana (FB01= relación hipótesis nula/alterna). Resultados: Se encontró anemia en solo el 1.2% de los recién nacidos. En la serie blanca el hallazgo más frecuente fue la linfopenia (56.2%) y monocitosis (38.5%) (p = 0.6, FB01 = 249 y p = 0.81, FB01 = 19.9). La plaquetopenia se encontró en el 12.5% (p = 0.56, FB01 = 67). No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de EHE. Conclusiones: Las alteraciones hematológicas en recién nacidos de madres con EHE son frecuentes sin mostrar un patrón distinto con relación a la gravedad del padecimiento de la madre. Aun así, es recomendable la valoración hematológica en estos neonatos.

Hematological changes in SARS-COV-2 positive patients

Abstract Introduction The novel SARS-CoV-2 infection has been spreading around the world since January 2020 causing the Corona Virus Disease 2019. Leukopenia, lymphopenia and hypercoagulability with elevated D- Dimers have been described in COVID-19 patients to date. This study aimed to clarify if some blood parameters can be used as biomarkers to facilitate diagnosis and establish prognosis. Methods: We selected patients who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and had had a hemogram performed between the March 15 and April 15, 2020. Socio-demographic and analytical data were obtained from 274 patients at admission in two Portuguese public hospitals. We then analyzed the hemogram parameters at admission in the intensive care and collected data on patient survival during the SARS-CoV-2 disease follow-up. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Patients requiring the intensive care unit (ICU) present an increase in leukocytes and neutrophils (+3.1 × 109/L and +6.4 × 109/L, respectively), a lymphocyte decrease and a platelet rise (-1.6 × 109/L and +60.8 × 109/L, respectively). The erythrocytes, hemoglobin and median globular volume tend to decrease (-0.5 × 1012, - 1.2 g/dL; -3 fL, respectively). The lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) at admission was significantly higher (+58.1 U/L). The age, sex, platelets, lymphocyte count neutrophil counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, erythrocytes and cell hemoglobin concentration mean (CHCM) are independently associated with mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 0.046, p < 0.001; OR = 0.2364, p= 0.045; OR = 9.106, p= 0.001; OR = 0.194, p= 0.033; OR = 0.062, p= 0.003; OR = 0.098, p= 0.002; OR = 9.021, p < 0.001; OR = 7.016, p= 0.007, respectively). Conclusion The hematological data at admission in the health care system can predict the mortality of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and we recommend its use in the clinical decisions and patient prognosis evaluation.

Ovarian steroids modulate the systemic inflammatory response OF COWS challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intrauterine infusion.

Postpartum uterine infections of dairy cows promote a local and systemic inflammation and interfere with reproductive efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of steroid hormones including progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) on the systemic inflammatory response of cows after being challenged with an intrauterine infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). For this, a hemogram and serum dosage of haptoglobin (Hp) in eight primiparous Gir cows ovariectomized were performed on day (day 0) and after 24 h (day +1). Four cows (n = 4) were challenged (day 0) with 20 mL of 0.9% NaCl + 12.5 µg/kg LPS, and four cows (n = 4) were challenged (day 0) with 20 mL of 0.9% NaCl. For this, the study was divided in four experimental groups as: (1) Control group: without any hormonal treatment before day 0; (2) Group 24 h - E2: 1 mg of estradiol benzoate 24 h before (day -1); (3) Group 24 h - P4: 2.0 g of P4 device 24 h before (day -1); (4) Group 14 d - P4: 2.0 g of P4 device 14 days before (day -14). In the systemic response to LPS, there was an increase in Hp (control group; 24 h - P4 group; 14 d - P4 group), and on day +1 the Hp of 14 d - P4 group was higher when compared to the other groups. On day 0, the 14 d - P4 group had an increase in circulating leukocytes and lymphocytes cells than the control group (P < 0.01). On day +1 after LPS-challenge the 14 d - P4 group showed a decrease in circulating lymphocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes (P < 0.05). A neutrophilia with left shift in the two treatments with P4 (day +1), in addition to a thrombocytopenia and lower platelets compared to the 24 h - E2 group (P < 0.05) (day 0) were recorded. It was concluded that ovariectomized cows challenged with LPS, previously submitted to steroid hormones induce a systemic inflammatory response. Also, the systemic response is more intense after previous prolonged exposure to P4 and less intense after exposure to E2. This study provided important information relating the effect of ovarian steroids on the systemic inflammatory response of cows challenged with intrauterine LPS.

Risk of neutropenia among clozapine users and non-users: results from 5,847 patients

Objective: Clozapine is underprescribed due to neutropenia risk. Blood tests every 3 months in those on continuous treatment for > 1 year who have never had an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 2,000/µL has been proposed as a monitoring strategy; however, there are no South American data to support this recommendation. This study sought to investigate whether clozapine use and other variables could explain the occurrence of ANC < 1,000/µL in patients with severe mental disorders. Methods: A total of 5,847 subjects were included, 1,038 on clozapine. We performed a Cox regression considering the outcome as ANC < 1,000/µL at any time point. Predictors were sex, age, ethnicity, clozapine use, ANC > 2,000/µL during the first year of blood monitoring, and presence of a severe medical condition. Results: In the Cox regression model, ethnicity (white) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.53; 95%CI 0.29-0.99, p < 0.05) and ANC > 2,000/µL (HR 0.04; 95%CI 0.01-0.10, p < 0.001) were protective factors, while presence of a severe medical condition (HR 69.35; 95%CI 37.45-128.44, p < 0.001) was a risk factor for ANC < 1,000/µL. Other variables were not significant, including clozapine use (HR 1.33; 95%CI 0.74-2.39, p > 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that clozapine does not increase the risk of neutropenia in subjects with ANC > 2,000/µL during the first year of use and in the absence of a severe medical condition. These results could help guide clinical and public-health decisions regarding clozapine blood monitoring guidelines.

Hematological changes in SARS-COV-2 positive patients.

Introduction: The novel SARS-CoV-2 infection has been spreading around the world since January 2020 causing the Corona Virus Disease 2019. Leukopenia, lymphopenia and hypercoagulability with elevated D- Dimers have been described in COVID-19 patients to date. This study aimed to clarify if some blood parameters can be used as biomarkers to facilitate diagnosis and establish prognosis. Methods: We selected patients who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and had had a hemogram performed between the March 15 and April 15, 2020. Socio-demographic and analytical data were obtained from 274 patients at admission in two Portuguese public hospitals. We then analyzed the hemogram parameters at admission in the intensive care and collected data on patient survival during the SARS-CoV-2 disease follow-up. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Patients requiring the intensive care unit (ICU) present an increase in leukocytes and neutrophils (+3.1 × 109/L and +6.4 × 109/L, respectively), a lymphocyte decrease and a platelet rise (-1.6 × 109/L and +60.8 × 109/L, respectively). The erythrocytes, hemoglobin and median globular volume tend to decrease (-0.5 × 1012, - 1.2 g/dL; -3 fL, respectively). The lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) at admission was significantly higher (+58.1 U/L). The age, sex, platelets, lymphocyte count neutrophil counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, erythrocytes and cell hemoglobin concentration mean (CHCM) are independently associated with mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 0.046, p < 0.001; OR = 0.2364, p = 0.045; OR = 9.106, p = 0.001; OR = 0.194, p = 0.033; OR = 0.062, p = 0.003; OR = 0.098, p = 0.002; OR = 9.021, p < 0.001; OR = 7.016, p = 0.007, respectively). Conclusion: The hematological data at admission in the health care system can predict the mortality of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and we recommend its use in the clinical decisions and patient prognosis evaluation.

Evaluation of hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress profile in calves under propofol anesthesia.

Propofol is a widely used drug in veterinary medicine to induce anesthesia; as well as the chosen compound for protocols of intravenous anesthesia. The present study aimed to describe the hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress alterations in calves kept under anesthesia by propofol in different dosages. In order to achieve this, eight Holstein calves were induced using propofol in a 5 mg/kg dosage and maintained under continuous propofol infusion for 60 min, having being administered 0.6 mg/kg/h or 0.8 mg/kg/h in crossover design with seven days interval. Blood samples were collected immediately before the anesthesia induction (baseline), and 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h after the procedure started. Statistically relevant propofol influence was observed both in blood and biochemical parameters, with differences between dosages according to the time of infusion. The drug action over oxidative stress was also observed, causing a raise of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) with an uric acid increase. Additionally, the increase of triglycerides, induced by the anesthesia maintenance with propofol, caused lipemia in the samples, which was capable of interfering directly in the measurements made by refractometry and spectrophotometry. It was concluded that, in spite of propofol induced alterations in blood and biochemical parameters, such alterations are subtle. In addition to that, the drug presented an antioxidative effect, which reinstates the safety of anesthesia maintenance with propofol in calves.

Therapeutic efficacy of marbofloxacin and ceftiofur in feedlot steers with bovine respiratory disease complex / Eficácia terapêutica da marbofloxacina e ceftiofur em bovinos confinados com complexo doença respiratória de bovinos

Treatment of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) can elicit high bacterial resistance and stress to steers in a feedlot. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate three therapeutic protocols with long-acting antibiotics against BRDC naturally acquired in steers finished in feedlot. In a total of 80 animals finished in a feedlot, 18 steers showed clinical signs compatible with BRDC (mucopurulent nasal secretion, lung auscultation alteration, leukocytosis, and decrease of dry matter intake). These animals were randomly treated: marbofloxacin in a single dose (M1), marbofloxacin in two doses (M2), or ceftiofur in a single dose (C1) on Day 0. The clinical score of pneumonia, hemogram, daily food intake, and body weight were analyzed during 7 days. On slaughter day (Day 100), the body weight and frequency of lungs with pneumonia was evaluated. On Day 7, M2 showed absence of pneumonia, and M1 and C1 still showed a clinical score of mild pneumonia (P = 0.01). On day 2 and day 3 M2 showed a higher dry matter intake than others treatments (P = 0.05). C1 showed a lower body weight than others group on day 1 and 2 (P = 0.05). The C1 and M1 showed a higher pneumonia frequency than M2 (P = 0.02). The M2 slaughter weight was numerically higher than the other treatments. We conclude the marbofloxacin in two doses eliminated the pneumonia ́s clinical symptoms and allowed the animals to return the productivity earlier than other protocols.

Tendo em vista a alta resistência bacteriana e o estresse que o tratamento do complexo doença respiratória dos bovinos (CDRB) pode trazer para novilhos terminados em confinamento, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar quais dos três protocolos terapêuticos com fármacos de longa ação apresentaria maior eficácia contra o CDRB naturalmente adquirida. Entre 80 animais terminados em confinamento, 18 garrotes apresentaram sinais clínicos compatíveis CDRB (secreção mucopurulenta nasal, alteração em ausculta pulmonar, leucocitose e diminuição de consumo alimentar). Estes animais foram aleatoriamente tratados com: marbofloxacina em dose única (M1), marbofloxacina em duas doses (M2) ou ceftiofur em dose única (C1) no dia 0. Escore clínico de pneumonia, hemograma, consumo alimentar e o peso corporal dos animais foi avaliado durante 7 dias. No dia do abate (dia 100), o peso e frequência de lesões histopatológicas de pneumonia foram avaliadas. No dia 7, os animais do M2 apresentaram ausência de pneumonia enquanto que os animais M1 e C1 ainda apresentavam escore clinico de pneumonia moderada (P = 0.01). Nos dias 2 e 3, o consumo alimentar diário foi maior em M2 que os outros tratamentos (P = 0.05), e o peso corporal de C1 foi menor que os outros grupos em D1 e 2 (P = 0.05). C1 e M1 apresentaram maior frequência de pneumonia no dia do abate que os demais grupos (P = 0.02). O peso ao abate do M2 foi numericamente maior que os demais grupos. Conclui-se que a marbofloxacina em duas doses foi mais precoce na eliminação dos sinais clínicos e no retorno a produtividade.

Hemoglobina reticulocitaria y su utilidad clínica en el diagnóstico temprano de eritropoyesis por deficiencia de hierro absoluto en mujeres adolescentes / Reticulocyte hemoglobin and its clinical utility in the early diagnosis of erythropoiesis due to absolute iron deficiency in adolescent women / Hemoglobina de reticulócitos e sua utilidade clínica no diagnóstico precoce da eritropoiese por deficiência absoluta de ferro em mulheres adolescentes

La hemoglobina reticulocitaria es un nuevo parámetro dentro de los autoanalizadores hematológicos de cuarta generación, siendo indispensable en el diagnóstico y manejo de eritropoyesis deficiente en hierro, especialmente la deficiencia funcional de hierro, el secuestro de hierro y la deficiencia absoluta de hierro. Además, este parámetro demuestra ser más preciso que las pruebas bioquímicas como el hierro sérico, la ferritina y la saturación de transferrina, en la detección precoz de eritropoyesis deficiente en hierro. El objetivo de la investigación fue describir la utilidad clínica de la hemoglobina reticulocitaria (CHr) en el diagnóstico temprano de eritropoyesis por deficiencia de hierro absoluto en mujeres adolescentes. El tipo de investigación fue descriptivo, analítico, el diseño de campo transversal. La muestra voluntaria, no aleatoria estuvo constituida por 62 mujeres adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 19 años. Como resultado se encontró que el 97% de la muestra tiene disminución de la CHr, indicando eritropoyesis deficiente en hierro, mientras que un 3% de las adolescentes presentan valores normales para la CHr, se realizó la relación diagnostica entre pruebas de laboratorio tales como CHr y el Hierro sérico. También se reportó que el 93% de la muestra presenta déficit de hierro sin anemia, y un 7% tiene anemia ferropénica, el rango de edad con mayor predominio de anemia ferropénica fue entre los 14 y 16 años. Se concluye que la CHr es de utilidad clínica y una nueva herramienta de diagnóstico temprano de eritropoyesis por deficiencia de hierro.

Reticulocyte hemoglobin is a new parameter within the fourth generation hematological autoanalyzers, being indispensable in the diagnosis and management of iron deficient erythropoiesis, especially functional iron deficiency, iron sequestration and absolute iron deficiency. Moreover, this parameter proves to be more accurate than biochemical tests such as serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation in the early detection of iron deficient erythropoiesis. The aim of the research was to describe the clinical utility of reticulocyte hemoglobin (CHr) in the early diagnosis of absolute iron deficiency erythropoiesis in adolescent females. The type of research was descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional field design. The voluntary, non-random sample consisted of 62 adolescent females aged between 14 and 19 years. As a result, it was found that 97% of the sample had decreased CHr, indicating iron deficient erythropoiesis, while 3% of the adolescents had normal values for CHr. The diagnostic relationship between laboratory tests such as CHr and serum iron was performed. It was also reported that 93% of the sample presented iron deficiency without anemia, and 7% had iron deficiency anemia; the age range with the highest prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was between 14 and 16 years of age. It is concluded that HRH is clinically useful and a new tool for early diagnosis of erythropoiesis due to iron deficiency.

A hemoglobina reticulócita é um novo parâmetro dentro da quarta geração de auto-analisadores hematológicos, sendo indispensável no diagnóstico e manejo da eritropoiese com deficiência de ferro, especialmente deficiência funcional de ferro, seqüestro de ferro e deficiência absoluta de ferro. Além disso, este parâmetro prova ser mais preciso do que testes bioquímicos como ferro sérico, ferritina e saturação da transferrina na detecção precoce de eritropoiese com deficiência de ferro. O objetivo da pesquisa foi descrever a utilidade clínica da hemoglobina reticulocitária (RCHr) no diagnóstico precoce da eritropoiese absoluta de deficiência de ferro em mulheres adolescentes. O tipo de pesquisa foi descritivo, analítico, de corte transversal do campo. A amostra voluntária e não aleatória consistiu de 62 fêmeas adolescentes com idades entre 14 e 19 anos. Como resultado, descobriu-se que 97% da amostra tinha uma diminuição na HRH, indicando uma eritropoiese com deficiência de ferro, enquanto 3% das adolescentes tinham valores normais para HRH. Também foi relatado que 93% da amostra tinha deficiência de ferro sem anemia, e 7% tinha anemia por deficiência de ferro; a faixa etária com maior prevalência de anemia por deficiência de ferro era entre 14 e 16 anos. Conclui-se que o RHH é clinicamente útil e uma nova ferramenta para o diagnóstico precoce da eritropoiese devido à deficiência de ferro.

Comparison of machine learning techniques to handle imbalanced COVID-19 CBC datasets.

The Coronavirus pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 has significantly impacted human health and the economy, especially in countries struggling with financial resources for medical testing and treatment, such as Brazil's case, the third most affected country by the pandemic. In this scenario, machine learning techniques have been heavily employed to analyze different types of medical data, and aid decision making, offering a low-cost alternative. Due to the urgency to fight the pandemic, a massive amount of works are applying machine learning approaches to clinical data, including complete blood count (CBC) tests, which are among the most widely available medical tests. In this work, we review the most employed machine learning classifiers for CBC data, together with popular sampling methods to deal with the class imbalance. Additionally, we describe and critically analyze three publicly available Brazilian COVID-19 CBC datasets and evaluate the performance of eight classifiers and five sampling techniques on the selected datasets. Our work provides a panorama of which classifier and sampling methods provide the best results for different relevant metrics and discuss their impact on future analyses. The metrics and algorithms are introduced in a way to aid newcomers to the field. Finally, the panorama discussed here can significantly benefit the comparison of the results of new ML algorithms.

Laboratory Findings in Patients with Probable Dengue Diagnosis from an Endemic Area in Colombia in 2018.

As demonstrated with the novel coronavirus pandemic, rapid and accurate diagnosis is key to determine the clinical characteristic of a disease and to improve vaccine development. Once the infected person is identified, hematological findings may be used to predict disease outcome and offer the correct treatment. Rapid and accurate diagnosis and clinical parameters are pivotal to track infections during clinical trials and set protection status. This is also applicable for re-emerging diseases like dengue fever, which causes outbreaks in Asia and Latin America every 4 to 5 years. Some areas in the US are also endemic for the transmission of dengue virus (DENV), the causal agent of dengue fever. However, significant number of DENV infections in rural areas are diagnosed solely by clinical and hematological findings because of the lack of availability of ELISA or PCR-based tests or the infrastructure to implement them in the near future. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) are a less sensitive, yet they represent a timely way of detecting DENV infections. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between hematological findings and the probability for an NS1-based DENV RDT to detect the DENV NS1 antigen. We also aimed to describe the hematological parameters that are associated with the diagnosis through each test.

Hematological responses to hyperimmune plasma low dose administration in foals during weaning / Respostas hematológicas da administração de baixa dose de plasma hiperimune em potros no período de desmame

Weaning is a development stage that brings maternal independence, change of management and feeding, leading to immune deficit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hematological and biochemical parameters of foals in weaning phase after intravenous administration of hyperimmune plasma (1 mL/Kg) in low dose. Ten foal weaned from the Mangalarga Machador breed were used, being divided in control (GC; n=5) and treated group (GT; n=5). The results obtained show that hematological and biochemical parameters of foals that received low doses of hyperimmune plasma were within the reference range for the equine species.

O desmame é uma fase do desenvolvimento que traz independência materna, mudança de manejo e alimentação, levando ao déficit imunológico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de potros em fase de desmame após administração intravenosa de plasma hiperimune (1 mL / Kg) em baixa dose. Foram utilizados dez potros des-mamados da raça Mangalarga Machador, sendo divididos em grupo controle (GC; n = 5) e grupo tratado (GT; n = 5). Os resul-tados obtidos mostram que os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de potros que receberam baixas doses de plasma hiperi-mune estavam dentro da faixa de referência para a espécie equina.

Hematological responses to hyperimmune plasma low dose administration in foals during weaning / Respostas hematológicas da administração de baixa dose de plasma hiperimune em potros no período de desmame

Weaning is a development stage that brings maternal independence, change of management and feeding, leading to immune deficit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hematological and biochemical parameters of foals in weaning phase after intravenous administration of hyperimmune plasma (1 mL/Kg) in low dose. Ten foal weaned from the Mangalarga Machador breed were used, being divided in control (GC; n=5) and treated group (GT; n=5). The results obtained show that hematological and biochemical parameters of foals that received low doses of hyperimmune plasma were within the reference range for the equine species.(AU)

O desmame é uma fase do desenvolvimento que traz independência materna, mudança de manejo e alimentação, levando ao déficit imunológico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de potros em fase de desmame após administração intravenosa de plasma hiperimune (1 mL / Kg) em baixa dose. Foram utilizados dez potros des-mamados da raça Mangalarga Machador, sendo divididos em grupo controle (GC; n = 5) e grupo tratado (GT; n = 5). Os resul-tados obtidos mostram que os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de potros que receberam baixas doses de plasma hiperi-mune estavam dentro da faixa de referência para a espécie equina.(AU)

Estimating biological reference intervals for cell blood counts in a dog population / Estimación de los intervalos biológicos de referencia para conteos celulares sanguíneos en una población de perros / Estimando intervalos de referência biológica para contagens de células sanguíneas em uma população de cães

Abstract Background: The results from automated equipment and peripheral blood smears allow correlating clinical data with cellular blood counts (CBC), generating information on pathologies of hematological and non-hematological origin in dogs. Objective: To describe qualitative and quantitative magnitudes of CBC in healthy donor dogs of a blood- bank in Medellín (Colombia). Methods: A descriptive-prospective study was carried out from 146 records of CBC results from a blood-bank. The samples were processed by automated equipment, and trained personnel performed the observation of peripheral blood smears to collect qualitative information. Variables such as age, sex, breed, quantitative results, and observations of the peripheral blood smears were considered. For the definition of biological intervals (BIs), the mean and two standard deviations were used for the data with a normal distribution. Otherwise, the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles were used. Results: The size, granularity, and cytoplasmic vacuoles in monocytes and polymorphonuclear eosinophils, as well as the presence of Barr chromatin and occasional circulating erythroblasts, were remarkable findings to the peripheral blood smear. With the standardization of data obtained from dogs of large and giant breeds, the present work provides BIs for some of the CBC data in the studied population. Conclusion: The findings of the present study allow approximations to the definition of alterations in blood cells and their counts, which can guide the veterinarian towards an early diagnosis in dogs.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los datos obtenidos de equipos automatizados y extendidos de sangre periférica permiten correlacionar la clínica y los resultados del hemograma, generando información de interés sobre patologías de origen hematológico y no hematológico en perros. Objetivo: Describir las magnitudes cualitativas y cuantitativas del hemograma en perros sanos, donantes de un banco de sangre en Medellín (Colombia). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-prospectivo a partir de 146 registros de resultados de hemograma remitidos por un banco de sangre. Las muestras fueron procesadas por un equipo automatizado y personal entrenado realizó la observación del extendido de sangre periférica para la colección de información de corte cualitativo. Variables como edad, sexo, raza, resultados cuantitativos de las muestras y observaciones al extendido de sangre periférica fueron consideradas. Para la definición de intervalos biológicos (IBs) se utilizaron la media y dos desviaciones estándar para los datos con distribución normal. De lo contrario, se utilizaron los percentiles 2,5 y 97,5. Resultados: El tamaño, granularidad y vacuolas citoplasmáticas en monocitos y polimorfonucleares eosinófilos, así como la presencia de Cromatina de Barr y eritroblastos circulantes ocasionales fueron hallazgos llamativos al extendido de sangre periférica. Con la normalización de los datos para caninos de razas grandes y gigantes, el presente trabajo aporta IBs para algunos de los datos del hemograma en la población estudiada. Conclusión: Los hallazgos del presente estudio permiten aproximaciones a la definición de alteraciones en las células hemáticas y sus conteos, que pueden orientar al médico veterinario hacia un diagnóstico temprano en perros.

Resumo Antecedentes: As informações obtidas de equipamentos automatizados e esfregaços de sangue periférico permitem correlacionar os resultados clínicos e de hemogramas, gerando informações interessantes sobre patologias de origem hematológica e não hematológica em cães. Objetivo: Descrever as magnitudes qualitativa e quantitativa do hemograma em cães saudáveis, doadores de um banco de sangue em Medellín (Colômbia). Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo-prospectivo a partir de 146 registros de resultados de hemograma encaminhados por um banco de sangue. As amostras foram processadas por uma equipe automatizada e pessoal treinado observou o esfregaço de sangue periférico para a coleta de informações qualitativas. Foram consideradas variáveis como idade, sexo, raça, resultados quantitativos das amostras e observações do esfregaço de sangue periférico. Para a definição de intervalos biológicos (IBs), foram utilizados a média e dois desvios-padrão para os dados com distribuição normal. Caso contrário, foram utilizados os percentis 2,5 e 97,5. Resultados: O tamanho, a granularidade e os vacúolos citoplasmáticos dos monócitos e das células polimorfonucleares dos eosinófilos, bem como a presença da cromatina de Barr e ocasionais eritroblastos circulantes foram achados marcantes na disseminação do sangue periférico. Com a normalização dos dados para cães de raças grandes e gigantes, o presente trabalho fornece IBs para alguns dos dados de hemograma na população estudada. Conclusão: Os achados do presente estudo permitem aproximações à definição de alterações nas células sanguíneas e suas contagens, o que pode orientar o médico veterinário responsável pelo diagnóstico precoce em cães.

Can various complete blood count parameters helpful in preoperative diagnosis of adnexal torsion?

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Adnexal torsion is an important gynecological emergency due to nonfrequent but possible adverse reproductive outcomes. There is no specific laboratory marker to support the preoperative diagnosis or that can be used clinically. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic values of platelet, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and red cell markers as an early indicator of ovarian torsion. METHODS: This retrospective study included 28 female patients who were treated surgically for adnexal torsion between August 2010 and July 2020, and 29 control group women. The demographic data and routine hematological values of patients were compared for adnexal torsion prediction. RESULTS: There were no differences between the groups in terms of the platelet count, platelet distribution width, red cell distribution width, and mean platelet volume values, and there were no differences in the demographic data. Statistical differences were found among white blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and platelet/lymphocyte ratio, and 81.5% sensitivity and 82.1% specificity were identified for neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio 2.45 (area under the curve AUC 0.892; 95%CI 0.808-0.975; p<0.001). Odds ratio for neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was 2.62 (95%CI 0.861-7.940, p=0.029). CONCLUSION: According to the regression analysis, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was found to be the most beneficial among all blood count parameters for the pre-diagnosis of AT.