Standardized ileal phosphorus digestibility of meat and bone meal and poultry byproduct meal for broilers

Two experiments were conducted using direct method to determine the standardized ileal phosphorus (P) digestibility coefficient (SIPDC) of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry byproduct meal (PBM) for broilers. In the first experiment, three MBM from different batches were evaluated, with four treatments (MBMI, MBMII, MBMIII, and a P-free diet) and nine replicates of seven birds each, totaling 252 birds distributed across a completely randomized design. The P-free diet was used to determine endogenous P losses. Titanium dioxide (5 g kg−1) was used as an indigestible indicator. In the second experiment, three PBM from different batches were evaluated, with 189 birds distributed over three treatments (PBMI, PBMII, and PBMIII) and nine replicates of seven birds each. These two experiments were conducted when birds were 19-22 days old. The birds were euthanized to collect the ileal content. Using the P-free diet, endogenous P losses were determined at 94.9 mg kg−1 dry matter intake. Standardized ileal P digestibility of MBMI (0.65) and MBMIII (0.69) was higher compared with MBMII (0.49). The SIPDC determined for three PBM sources were similar and 0.96, 0.96, and 0.93 for PBMI, PBMII, and PBMIII, respectively. The present study demonstrates that P in MBM is not as available as it is believed and that the variability between batches should be considered by nutritionists, while PBM can be considered an excellent P source to broiler diets.

Seneca Valley virus RNA detection in pig feed and feed ingredients in Brazil.

We investigated Seneca Valley virus (SVV) contamination in pig feed and feed ingredients. Twenty-seven samples were collected from two Brazilian feed mills and subjected to conventional RT-nested-PCR and qRT-PCR assays. Seven samples were SVV-positive with viral loads of 3.94-4.33 log10 genomic copies/g of feed. The study reveals SVV feed and feed ingredient contamination under natural conditions in Brazil.

Prediction of crude protein digestibility of animal by-product meals for dogs by the protein solubility in pepsin method.

Animal by-product meals have large variability in crude protein (CP) content and digestibility. In vivo digestibility procedures are precise but laborious, and in vitro methods could be an alternative to evaluate and classify these ingredients. The present study reports prediction equations to estimate the CP digestibility of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PM) using the protein solubility in pepsin method (PSP). Total tract CP digestibility of eight MBM and eight PM samples was determined in dogs by the substitution method. A basal diet was formulated for dog maintenance, and sixteen diets were produced by mixing 70 % of the basal diet and 30 % of each tested meal. Six dogs per diet were used to determine ingredient digestibility. In addition, PSP of the MBM and PM samples was determined using three pepsin concentrations: 0·02, 0·002 and 0·0002 %. The CP content of MBM and PM ranged from 39 to 46 % and 57 to 69 %, respectively, and their mean CP digestibility by dogs was 76 (2·4) and 85 (2·6) %, respectively. The pepsin concentration with higher Pearson correlation coefficients with the in vivo results were 0·0002 % for MBM (r 0·380; P = 0·008) and 0·02 % for PM (r 0·482; P = 0·005). The relationship between the in vivo and in vitro results was better explained by the following equations: CP digestibility of MBM = 61·7 + 0·2644 × PSP at 0·0002 % (P = 0·008; R (2) 0·126); and CP digestibility of PM = 54·1 + 0·3833 × PSP at 0·02 % (P = 0·005; R (2) 0·216). Although significant, the coefficients of determination were low, indicating that the models were weak and need to be used with caution.

Effect of creatine addition in feeds containing animal meals on the performance and carcass yield of broilers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed exclusively vegetable diets and diets containing animal meal with the addition of creatine or not after day 8. In the experiment, 1080 one-day-old male chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design into six treatments with six replicates each. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal was formulated, to which animal meals and creatine were included or not. Diets were formulated to contain equal mineral (calcium, phosphorus and sodium) and amino acid (available methionine + cystine, lysine and threonine) levels. The following treatments were applied: A. control (diet based on corn and soybean meal); B. control + creatine (600g/ton); C. inclusion of 5% meat and bone meal (MBM), D. inclusion of 5% MBM + creatine (600g/ton), E. inclusion of 5% blood meal (BM), F. inclusion 5% BM + creatine (600g/ton). Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield and viability were evaluated. At 42 days of age, BM dietary inclusion impaired weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The inclusion of MBM affected only feed conversion ratio. The addition of creatine ito the diet with BM improved weight gain when compared with the BM diet with no creatine. The addition of creatine to the diet containing 5% BM improved weight gain when compared with the same diet without the use of the additive.

Effect of creatine addition in feeds containing animal meals on the performance and carcass yield of broilers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed exclusively vegetable diets and diets containing animal meal with the addition of creatine or not after day 8. In the experiment, 1080 one-day-old male chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design into six treatments with six replicates each. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal was formulated, to which animal meals and creatine were included or not. Diets were formulated to contain equal mineral (calcium, phosphorus and sodium) and amino acid (available methionine + cystine, lysine and threonine) levels. The following treatments were applied: A. control (diet based on corn and soybean meal); B. control + creatine (600g/ton); C. inclusion of 5% meat and bone meal (MBM), D. inclusion of 5% MBM + creatine (600g/ton), E. inclusion of 5% blood meal (BM), F. inclusion 5% BM + creatine (600g/ton). Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield and viability were evaluated. At 42 days of age, BM dietary inclusion impaired weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The inclusion of MBM affected only feed conversion ratio. The addition of creatine ito the diet with BM improved weight gain when compared with the BM diet with no creatine. The addition of creatine to the diet containing 5% BM improved weight gain when compared with the same diet without the use of the additive.(AU)

Traceability of animal meals in Japanese quail eggs using the technique of 13C e 15N* stable isotopes

The objective of this study was to trace the inclusion of bovine meat and bone meal (BMBM) in the diet of Japanese quails by analyzing eggs and egg fractions (yolk and albumen) by the technique of carbon-13 (13C) and nitrogen-15 (15N) stable isotopes. In the trial, 120 Japanese quails were distributed in six treatments with four replicates of five birds each. The following treatments were applied: feed based on corn and soybean meal, containing graded BMBM inclusions (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5%). After 42 days, 20 eggs per treatment were randomly collected for three consecutive days. Ten eggs were used for yolk and albumen sample collection, and ten for total egg sample collection. It was possible to detect the dietary inclusion of 1% BMBM in the egg and its fractions. Therefore, the technique of isotopes 13C and 15N is able of tracing since 1% inclusion level of BMBM in the diet of Japanese quails in eggs and their fractions.

Traceability of animal meals in Japanese quail eggs using the technique of 13C e 15N* stable isotopes

The objective of this study was to trace the inclusion of bovine meat and bone meal (BMBM) in the diet of Japanese quails by analyzing eggs and egg fractions (yolk and albumen) by the technique of carbon-13 (13C) and nitrogen-15 (15N) stable isotopes. In the trial, 120 Japanese quails were distributed in six treatments with four replicates of five birds each. The following treatments were applied: feed based on corn and soybean meal, containing graded BMBM inclusions (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5%). After 42 days, 20 eggs per treatment were randomly collected for three consecutive days. Ten eggs were used for yolk and albumen sample collection, and ten for total egg sample collection. It was possible to detect the dietary inclusion of 1% BMBM in the egg and its fractions. Therefore, the technique of isotopes 13C and 15N is able of tracing since 1% inclusion level of BMBM in the diet of Japanese quails in eggs and their fractions.(AU)

Effect of creatine addition in feeds containing animal meals on the performance and carcass yield of broilers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed exclusively vegetable diets and diets containing animal meal with the addition of creatine or not after day 8. In the experiment, 1080 one-day-old male chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design into six treatments with six replicates each. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal was formulated, to which animal meals and creatine were included or not. Diets were formulated to contain equal mineral (calcium, phosphorus and sodium) and amino acid (available methionine + cystine, lysine and threonine) levels. The following treatments were applied: A. control (diet based on corn and soybean meal); B. control + creatine (600g/ton); C. inclusion of 5% meat and bone meal (MBM), D. inclusion of 5% MBM + creatine (600g/ton), E. inclusion of 5% blood meal (BM), F. inclusion 5% BM + creatine (600g/ton). Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield and viability were evaluated. At 42 days of age, BM dietary inclusion impaired weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The inclusion of MBM affected only feed conversion ratio. The addition of creatine ito the diet with BM improved weight gain when compared with the BM diet with no creatine. The addition of creatine to the diet containing 5% BM improved weight gain when compared with the same diet without the use of the additive.

Traceability of animal meals in Japanese quail eggs using the technique of 13C e 15N* stable isotopes

The objective of this study was to trace the inclusion of bovine meat and bone meal (BMBM) in the diet of Japanese quails by analyzing eggs and egg fractions (yolk and albumen) by the technique of carbon-13 (13C) and nitrogen-15 (15N) stable isotopes. In the trial, 120 Japanese quails were distributed in six treatments with four replicates of five birds each. The following treatments were applied: feed based on corn and soybean meal, containing graded BMBM inclusions (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5%). After 42 days, 20 eggs per treatment were randomly collected for three consecutive days. Ten eggs were used for yolk and albumen sample collection, and ten for total egg sample collection. It was possible to detect the dietary inclusion of 1% BMBM in the egg and its fractions. Therefore, the technique of isotopes 13C and 15N is able of tracing since 1% inclusion level of BMBM in the diet of Japanese quails in eggs and their fractions.

The use of animal byproducts in broiler feeds: use of animal co-products in broilers diets

This study aimed at evaluating live performance and carcass yield of broilers fed vegetarian diets or containing different animal byproduct meals after 8 days of age. In the experiment, 1080 one-day-old male chicks were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with 6 treatments with 6 replicates. Diets were based on corn and soybean meal, and included or not animal meals, maintaining constant levels of minerals (calcium, phosphorus, and sodium) and amino acids (methionine, cystine, lysine, and threonine), The following treatments were applied: T1. Control (corn and soybean diet); T2. Inclusion of 5% meat and bone meal (MBM); T3. Inclusion of 5% blood meal (BM); T4. Inclusion of 5% feather meal (FM); T5. Inclusion of 5% poultry offal meal (OM); T6. Combination of meat and bone meal, feather meal, offal meal, and blood meal. Broiler weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, livability and carcass yield were evaluated. At 35 days of age, it was verified that the combination of the four animal meals compromised weight gain. Broiler performance at 42 days of age was influenced by treatments, and the worst weight gain and true feed conversion were observed in birds fed diets with the combination of the four animal meals. The inclusion of 5% BM negatively affected the weight gain. It is concluded that MBM, FM, and OM inclusion can be individually used with no negative influence on broiler performance or carcass yield. In addition, it reduces feed costs.

Protein sources and digestive enzyme activities in jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)

Digestive enzymes activity influence feed utilization by fish, and its understanding is important to optimize diet formulation. This study reports the digestive enzyme activities of jundiá juveniles fed diets with protein sources. Fish were fed six experimental diets for 90 days: MBY (meat and bone meal + sugar cane yeast), SY (soybean meal + sugar cane yeast), S (soybean meal), MBS (meat and bone meal + soybean meal), FY (fish meal + sugar cane yeast) and FS (fish meal + soybean meal), and then sampled every 30 days and assayed in two intestine sections for digestive enzymes - trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase - activities; gastric protease was assayed in the stomach. Digestive and hepatosomatic index, intestinal quotient, digestive tract length and weight gain were also measured. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were higher (p 0.0001) in fish fed diets containing animal protein sources (MBY, MBS, FY and FS diets). Alkaline proteases were negatively affected by dietary soybean meal in the SY and S diets. Amylase activity had greater variation between diets and intestine sections. Fish fed MBY and MBS diets showed higher gastric protease activity (p 0.0001). Weight gains were higher in fish fed the MBS and FS diets (p 0.05). Highest values (p 0.05) of digestive tract length were observed in fish fed MBS and FY diets, but no correlation with enzymes activities was found. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) was affected by diet composition. Dietary composition influenced digestive enzymes activities of jundiá.

As enzimas digestivas influenciam a utilização dos alimentos em peixes, e seu conhecimento é importante para otimizar a formulação de dietas. Este trabalho descreve a atividade de enzimas digestivas em juvenis de jundiá alimentados com fontes protéicas. Os peixes foram alimentados com seis dietas (90 dias): MBY (farinha de carne e ossos + levedura de cana), SY (farelo de soja + levedura de cana), S (farelo de soja), MBS (farinha de carne e ossos + farelo de soja), FY (farinha de peixe + levedura de cana) e FS (farinha de peixe + farelo de soja). A cada 30 dias, foram analisadas as enzimas digestivas (tripsina, quimiotripsina e amilase) no intestino. No estômago, foi mensurada a protease ácida. Foram estimados os índices digestivo e hepato-somático, quociente intestinal, comprimento do trato digestório e ganho em peso. As atividades de tripsina e quimiotripsina foram maiores (p 0,0001) nos peixes alimentados com as dietas com fontes de origem animal (MBY, MBS, FY e FS). As proteases alcalinas foram afetadas negativamente pelo farelo de soja nas dietas. A atividade de amilase apresentou grandes variações. Os peixes alimentados com as dietas MBY e MBS apresentaram maior atividade de protease ácida (p 0,0001). Os ganhos em peso foram maiores nos peixes alimentados com as dietas MBS e FS (p 0,05). Os maiores valores (p 0,05) de comprimento do trato digestório foram verificados nos peixes alimentados com as dietas MBS e FY. A composição da dieta influencia na atividade de enzimas digestivas do jundiá.

The use of animal byproducts in broiler feeds: use of animal co-products in broilers diets

This study aimed at evaluating live performance and carcass yield of broilers fed vegetarian diets or containing different animal byproduct meals after 8 days of age. In the experiment, 1080 one-day-old male chicks were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with 6 treatments with 6 replicates. Diets were based on corn and soybean meal, and included or not animal meals, maintaining constant levels of minerals (calcium, phosphorus, and sodium) and amino acids (methionine, cystine, lysine, and threonine), The following treatments were applied: T1. Control (corn and soybean diet); T2. Inclusion of 5% meat and bone meal (MBM); T3. Inclusion of 5% blood meal (BM); T4. Inclusion of 5% feather meal (FM); T5. Inclusion of 5% poultry offal meal (OM); T6. Combination of meat and bone meal, feather meal, offal meal, and blood meal. Broiler weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, livability and carcass yield were evaluated. At 35 days of age, it was verified that the combination of the four animal meals compromised weight gain. Broiler performance at 42 days of age was influenced by treatments, and the worst weight gain and true feed conversion were observed in birds fed diets with the combination of the four animal meals. The inclusion of 5% BM negatively affected the weight gain. It is concluded that MBM, FM, and OM inclusion can be individually used with no negative influence on broiler performance or carcass yield. In addition, it reduces feed costs.

Protein sources and digestive enzyme activities in jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)

Digestive enzymes activity influence feed utilization by fish, and its understanding is important to optimize diet formulation. This study reports the digestive enzyme activities of jundiá juveniles fed diets with protein sources. Fish were fed six experimental diets for 90 days: MBY (meat and bone meal + sugar cane yeast), SY (soybean meal + sugar cane yeast), S (soybean meal), MBS (meat and bone meal + soybean meal), FY (fish meal + sugar cane yeast) and FS (fish meal + soybean meal), and then sampled every 30 days and assayed in two intestine sections for digestive enzymes - trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase - activities; gastric protease was assayed in the stomach. Digestive and hepatosomatic index, intestinal quotient, digestive tract length and weight gain were also measured. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were higher (p 0.0001) in fish fed diets containing animal protein sources (MBY, MBS, FY and FS diets). Alkaline proteases were negatively affected by dietary soybean meal in the SY and S diets. Amylase activity had greater variation between diets and intestine sections. Fish fed MBY and MBS diets showed higher gastric protease activity (p 0.0001). Weight gains were higher in fish fed the MBS and FS diets (p 0.05). Highest values (p 0.05) of digestive tract length were observed in fish fed MBS and FY diets, but no correlation with enzymes activities was found. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) was affected by diet composition. Dietary composition influenced digestive enzymes activities of jundiá.

As enzimas digestivas influenciam a utilização dos alimentos em peixes, e seu conhecimento é importante para otimizar a formulação de dietas. Este trabalho descreve a atividade de enzimas digestivas em juvenis de jundiá alimentados com fontes protéicas. Os peixes foram alimentados com seis dietas (90 dias): MBY (farinha de carne e ossos + levedura de cana), SY (farelo de soja + levedura de cana), S (farelo de soja), MBS (farinha de carne e ossos + farelo de soja), FY (farinha de peixe + levedura de cana) e FS (farinha de peixe + farelo de soja). A cada 30 dias, foram analisadas as enzimas digestivas (tripsina, quimiotripsina e amilase) no intestino. No estômago, foi mensurada a protease ácida. Foram estimados os índices digestivo e hepato-somático, quociente intestinal, comprimento do trato digestório e ganho em peso. As atividades de tripsina e quimiotripsina foram maiores (p 0,0001) nos peixes alimentados com as dietas com fontes de origem animal (MBY, MBS, FY e FS). As proteases alcalinas foram afetadas negativamente pelo farelo de soja nas dietas. A atividade de amilase apresentou grandes variações. Os peixes alimentados com as dietas MBY e MBS apresentaram maior atividade de protease ácida (p 0,0001). Os ganhos em peso foram maiores nos peixes alimentados com as dietas MBS e FS (p 0,05). Os maiores valores (p 0,05) de comprimento do trato digestório foram verificados nos peixes alimentados com as dietas MBS e FY. A composição da dieta influencia na atividade de enzimas digestivas do jundiá.

Alimentação da piava (Leporinus obtusidens) com diferentes fontes protéicas

The piava (Leporinus obtusidens) is a important native fish in the South Brazil Rivers. In this study it was verified the growth of piava juveniles fed 60 days with three diets having different protein sources: yeast (L), meat and bone meal (FCO) and soybean meal (FS). Fishes were measured each 20 days to obtain the performance in weight, total and standard length, specific growth rate, condition factor and survival. At the end of trial the carcass yield, intestinal quotient and the digestive and hepato-somatic index were estimated. Higher growth was verified in fish fed with soybean meal (FS), where the weight and specific growth rate were higher (P 0.05). Digestive index values were smaller in fish fed with meat and bone meal diets (FCO). The carcass yield was higher than 90%, had no significative differences. We concluded that soybean meal as main diet protein source provide good growth for piava juveniles (L. obtusidens).

A piava (Leporinus obtusidens) é um peixe nativo de grande importância nas bacias hidrográficas do Sul do Brasil. Neste estudo, verificou-se o crescimento de juvenis de piava alimentados durante 60 dias com três dietas contendo diferentes fontes protéicas: levedura de cana (L), farinha de carne e ossos (FCO) e farelo de soja (FS). As biometrias foram realizadas a cada 20 dias para verificação de desempenho em peso, de comprimentos total e padrão, de taxa de crescimento específico, de fator de condição e de sobrevivência. Ao final do experimento foram calculados os rendimentos de carcaça, quociente intestinal e índices digestivo e hepato-somático. Verificou-se maior crescimento nos peixes alimentados com farelo de soja (FS), nos quais o peso e a taxa de crescimento específico foram superiores (P 0,05). Os valores de índices digestivos foram menores nos juvenis alimentados com a dieta contendo farinha de carne e ossos (FC). O rendimento de carcaça em todos os tratamentos foi superior a 90%, não existindo diferença significativa. Conclui-se que o farelo de soja como fonte protéica principal na ração proporciona bom crescimento para juvenis de piava (L. obtusidens).

Alimentação da piava (Leporinus obtusidens) com diferentes fontes protéicas

The piava (Leporinus obtusidens) is a important native fish in the South Brazil Rivers. In this study it was verified the growth of piava juveniles fed 60 days with three diets having different protein sources: yeast (L), meat and bone meal (FCO) and soybean meal (FS). Fishes were measured each 20 days to obtain the performance in weight, total and standard length, specific growth rate, condition factor and survival. At the end of trial the carcass yield, intestinal quotient and the digestive and hepato-somatic index were estimated. Higher growth was verified in fish fed with soybean meal (FS), where the weight and specific growth rate were higher (P 0.05). Digestive index values were smaller in fish fed with meat and bone meal diets (FCO). The carcass yield was higher than 90%, had no significative differences. We concluded that soybean meal as main diet protein source provide good growth for piava juveniles (L. obtusidens).

A piava (Leporinus obtusidens) é um peixe nativo de grande importância nas bacias hidrográficas do Sul do Brasil. Neste estudo, verificou-se o crescimento de juvenis de piava alimentados durante 60 dias com três dietas contendo diferentes fontes protéicas: levedura de cana (L), farinha de carne e ossos (FCO) e farelo de soja (FS). As biometrias foram realizadas a cada 20 dias para verificação de desempenho em peso, de comprimentos total e padrão, de taxa de crescimento específico, de fator de condição e de sobrevivência. Ao final do experimento foram calculados os rendimentos de carcaça, quociente intestinal e índices digestivo e hepato-somático. Verificou-se maior crescimento nos peixes alimentados com farelo de soja (FS), nos quais o peso e a taxa de crescimento específico foram superiores (P 0,05). Os valores de índices digestivos foram menores nos juvenis alimentados com a dieta contendo farinha de carne e ossos (FC). O rendimento de carcaça em todos os tratamentos foi superior a 90%, não existindo diferença significativa. Conclui-se que o farelo de soja como fonte protéica principal na ração proporciona bom crescimento para juvenis de piava (L. obtusidens).

Nutritional and microbiological evaluation of meat and bone meal produced in the state of Minas Gerais

The present study investigated the chemical composition and metabolizable energy levels of ten meat and bone meals (MBM) produced in Minas Gerais state (Experiment I) and evaluated the growth performance of broilers fed with diets containing those MBM (Experiment II). In the first experiment, energy values (apparent metabolizable energy [AME] and corrected apparent metabolizable energy [AMEn]) of ten different MBM were determined using the traditional method with total collection of excreta. Four hundred forty 21 day-old Hubbard broilers were used. A reference corn and soybean meal-based diet was replaced in 20% by the feed containing MBM to be tested. A completely randomized experimental design was used with eleven treatments (one reference diet and ten MBM), four repetitions per treatment and 10 birds per repetition (5 males and 5 females). In the second experiment, five MBMs from the ten analyzed in Experiment 1 were used as phosphorus source and compared to a diet containing bicalcium phosphate. The growth performance of the broilers fed with these diets was analyzed, considering two ages of the onset of MBM inclusion in the diet (1 or 7 days of age). One-day-old Hubbard broilers (1,320 birds) were housed in 44 plots with 30 birds per experimental unit. The experiment consisted of 11 treatments in a 5x2 factorial arrangement, with five sources of MBM, two ages for the onset of inclusion, and a reference treatment without addition of MBM. The results obtained showed a great variation in the chemical composition and apparent metabolizable energy of the evaluated meals. No significant differences were found on the performance of broilers fed diets with different MBM or the diet with bicalcium phosphate as phosphorus source. The performance of broilers was not significantly influenced by the onset of MBM inclusion in the diets.

Nutritional and microbiological evaluation of meat and bone meal produced in the state of Minas Gerais

The present study investigated the chemical composition and metabolizable energy levels of ten meat and bone meals (MBM) produced in Minas Gerais state (Experiment I) and evaluated the growth performance of broilers fed with diets containing those MBM (Experiment II). In the first experiment, energy values (apparent metabolizable energy [AME] and corrected apparent metabolizable energy [AMEn]) of ten different MBM were determined using the traditional method with total collection of excreta. Four hundred forty 21 day-old Hubbard broilers were used. A reference corn and soybean meal-based diet was replaced in 20% by the feed containing MBM to be tested. A completely randomized experimental design was used with eleven treatments (one reference diet and ten MBM), four repetitions per treatment and 10 birds per repetition (5 males and 5 females). In the second experiment, five MBMs from the ten analyzed in Experiment 1 were used as phosphorus source and compared to a diet containing bicalcium phosphate. The growth performance of the broilers fed with these diets was analyzed, considering two ages of the onset of MBM inclusion in the diet (1 or 7 days of age). One-day-old Hubbard broilers (1,320 birds) were housed in 44 plots with 30 birds per experimental unit. The experiment consisted of 11 treatments in a 5x2 factorial arrangement, with five sources of MBM, two ages for the onset of inclusion, and a reference treatment without addition of MBM. The results obtained showed a great variation in the chemical composition and apparent metabolizable energy of the evaluated meals. No significant differences were found on the performance of broilers fed diets with different MBM or the diet with bicalcium phosphate as phosphorus source. The performance of broilers was not significantly influenced by the onset of MBM inclusion in the diets.

Avaliação da Farinha de Carne e Ossos na Alimentação de Frangos de Corte

Fourteen hundred and forty day-old male chicks were used to evaluate the use of meat and bone meal (MBM) on performance and carcass yield of broilers. The experimental design was a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial random arrangement: inclusion levels of MBM (3 and 6%), types of MBM (37.51 and 41.58% of crude protein), metabolizable energy values for MBM according to prediction equations (NRC, 1994) or by Rostagno et al.(1994), plus a control diet without MBM, with four replicates of forty chickens each. Feed intake and body weight gain (WG) were influenced by inclusion levels of MBM, with higher WG when MBM was not used. The remaining performance characteristics were not altered by the factors studied. There was reduction in abdominal fat when MBM was not used. It was concluded that the performance was impaired due to the use of diets containing up to 6% of MBM when compared to corn-soybean meal diets.

Um mil quatrocentos e quarenta pintos de um dia, machos, foram utilizados com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização da farinha de carne e ossos (FCO) sobre o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, com os fatores: níveis de inclusão da FCO (3 e 6%), tipos de FCO (37,51 e 41,58% de proteína bruta), valores de energia metabolizável da FCO conforme equações de predição sugerida pelo NRC (1994) ou tabela de Rostagno et al. (1994), mais um tratamento controle sem a inclusão de FCO, com quatro repetições de 40 aves cada. O consumo de ração e ganho de peso (GP) foram influenciados pela inclusão de FCO, sendo verificado maior GP quando a FCO não foi utilizada. As demais características de desempenho não foram afetadas pelos fatores estudados. A gordura abdominal foi reduzida quando a FCO não foi utilizada. Concluiu-se que dietas de frangos de corte contendo até 6% de FCO proporcionam pior desempenho quando comparadas com aquelas a base de milho e farelo de soja.

Avaliação da Farinha de Carne e Ossos na Alimentação de Frangos de Corte

Fourteen hundred and forty day-old male chicks were used to evaluate the use of meat and bone meal (MBM) on performance and carcass yield of broilers. The experimental design was a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial random arrangement: inclusion levels of MBM (3 and 6%), types of MBM (37.51 and 41.58% of crude protein), metabolizable energy values for MBM according to prediction equations (NRC, 1994) or by Rostagno et al.(1994), plus a control diet without MBM, with four replicates of forty chickens each. Feed intake and body weight gain (WG) were influenced by inclusion levels of MBM, with higher WG when MBM was not used. The remaining performance characteristics were not altered by the factors studied. There was reduction in abdominal fat when MBM was not used. It was concluded that the performance was impaired due to the use of diets containing up to 6% of MBM when compared to corn-soybean meal diets.

Um mil quatrocentos e quarenta pintos de um dia, machos, foram utilizados com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização da farinha de carne e ossos (FCO) sobre o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, com os fatores: níveis de inclusão da FCO (3 e 6%), tipos de FCO (37,51 e 41,58% de proteína bruta), valores de energia metabolizável da FCO conforme equações de predição sugerida pelo NRC (1994) ou tabela de Rostagno et al. (1994), mais um tratamento controle sem a inclusão de FCO, com quatro repetições de 40 aves cada. O consumo de ração e ganho de peso (GP) foram influenciados pela inclusão de FCO, sendo verificado maior GP quando a FCO não foi utilizada. As demais características de desempenho não foram afetadas pelos fatores estudados. A gordura abdominal foi reduzida quando a FCO não foi utilizada. Concluiu-se que dietas de frangos de corte contendo até 6% de FCO proporcionam pior desempenho quando comparadas com aquelas a base de milho e farelo de soja.

Efeito da Adição do Antioxidante BHT e do Armazenamento Sobre a Qualidade da Farinha de Carne e Ossos Para Frangos de Corte

The objectives of this study were to assess the variation in quality of meat and bone meal (MBM) during an extended storage period (10 weeks) and evaluate the effects of the antioxidant BHT on the oxidative stability of MBM and the performance of broilers fed diets containing these MBM. A freshly produced batch of MBM (41,12% protein and 9,12% fat) was divided in six portions. One portion was stored with no BHT added (CONTROL) and the others were treated with 500mg BHT/kg at day 0 (BHT/0), 7 (BHT/7), 14 (BHT/14), 21 (BHT/21) and 28 (BHT/28). The quality of MBM was measured through weekly samplings and the peroxide value (IP) was the main parameter analysed. After four weeks of storage, a feed trial was carried out using 1,440 male RossXRoss day-old chicks raised in floor pens in an experiment with six treatments and six replicates. The birds were fed ad libitum corn-soybean diets formulated to contain 4% MBM. Results of 42d liveweight, feed intake, feed:gain ratio and mortality and culling were submitted to analysis of variance. Treatment means were compared to CONTROL using Dunnett’s test. Although rancidity was observed in MBM during storage, the levels of IP found (maximum 80meq/kg) did not affect bird performance. In general, the performance of broilers was not affected (p>.05) by feeding MBM oxidized or preserved with BHT.

Este estudo foi desenvolvido com a finalidade monitorar a qualidade da farinha de carne e ossos (FCO), durante o armazenamento prolongado (10 semanas), e avaliar os efeitos da adição do BHT (500mg/kg) a esta farinha. Um lote fresco de FCO (41,12% PB e 9,14% EE) foi dividido em seis partes iguais, sendo uma não tratada (CONTROLE) e as demais tratadas com BHT em diferentes tempos de armazenamento (nos dias 0, 7, 14, 21 e 28: BHT/0, BHT/7, BHT/14, BHT/21 e BHT/28, respectivamente). As FCO foram armazenadas em ambiente diariamente monitorado e sua qualidade foi avaliada por amostragens semanais, com determinação do índice de peróxidos, cujo nível máximo obtido foi de aproximadamente 80meq/kg (CONTROLE). A partir da 4ª semana de armazenamento, foi conduzido um experimento com frangos de corte alimentados por 42 dias com rações à base de milho e farelo de soja, contendo cerca de 4% das FCO armazenadas. Foram utilizados 1.440 pintos de um dia, machos, distribuídos num delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 6 tratamentos e 6 repetições. Os resultados médios obtidos para peso vivo, ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, mortalidade e refugagem e fator de produção foram submetidos à análise da variância e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas ao CONTROLE através do teste de Dunnett. As variáveis estudadas, em geral, não foram afetadas pelos tratamentos (p>0,05), indicando que, neste estudo, o uso da FCO oxidada ou das FCO protegidas pelo BHT, não influenciaram o desempenho das aves.