A comparative study of well-being, resilience, mindfulness, negative emotions, stress, and burnout among nurses after an online mind-body based intervention during the first COVID-19 pandemic crisis.

Background: To mitigate against the possible adverse effects of stress among nurses due to the COVID-19 outbreak, we designed a 12-week mind-body based online intervention program to promote well-being and prevent stress-related disorders such as burnout. Our study aimed to compare the impact of the intervention on perception of stress, negative emotions, burnout, mindfulness, resilience, and well-being at pretest and 6 months post-intervention and to compare the effect among nurses working at two different hospitals. Methods: We conducted an uncontrolled trial using a convenience sample of nurses working at two hospitals in Mexico: one designated to treat confirmed COVID-19 patients (COVID-hospital) and the other whose patients had a negative COVID-19 test on admission (Non COVID-hospital). The 12 week online intervention consisted of 36 mind-body based micropractices, with subjective well-being as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were health perception, resilience, mindfulness, negative emotions, stress, and burnout. Results: A pretest survey was completed by 643 nurses. Of the remaining valid responses, 82% were women, with a mean age of 34.8 (SD = 8.95) years old. For the analysis two groups of nurses were sampled by cluster: a COVID-hospital group of 429 (67%) nurses, and a non-COVID Hospital group of 214 (33%) nurses. The proportion lost to follow-up was 71% at postest (n = 188) and 42% at 6 months follow-up (n = 371). At pretest, non-COVID hospital nurses had lower subjective well-being and higher burnout than their COVID hospital counterparts. At postest, non-COVID hospital nurses displayed more negative emotions than their COVID hospital peers. At 6 months post-intervention, nurses experienced improved mindfulness, reduced negative emotions and stress, but a decrease in subjective well-being and resilience. Nurses working at the non-COVID hospital had significantly higher mean scores for burnout than those working at the COVID hospital. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that our online mind-body interventions can help to reduce stress and negative emotions, yet the effects on subjective well-being and resilience are uncertain. Further research is needed to gain a better understanding of their potential mechanisms and the associated efforts of such online interventions. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05515172.

Partner Phubbing, Satisfação e Bem-Estar Subjetivo: O Impacto da Tecnologia Digital nos Relacionamentos / Partner Phubbing, Satisfacción y Bienestar Subjetivo: El Impacto de la Tecnologia Digital en las Relaciones Amorosas / Partner phubbing, satisfaction, and subjective well-being: The impact of digital technology on romantic relationships

Resumo Objetivo: Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a influência do Partner Phubbing (Pphubbing) no Bem-Estar subjetivo (BES) e na satisfação com o relacionamento. Método: Participaram 217 pessoas com média de idade de 25 anos (min. 18, máx. 53 e dp=5,98), sendo 62,2 % do sexo feminino. Estes responderam às escalas de Partner phubbing (Pphubbing), afetos positivos e negativos, satisfação com a vida, satisfação com o relacionamento e questionário sociodemográfico. Os dados foram analisados através do SPSS (v.22). Resultados: Foi encontrado uma correlação negativa entre Pphubbing e afetos positivos (r= -0,32; p<0,01), satisfação com a vida (r= -0,13; p<0,01) e satisfação com o relacionamento (r= -0,38 p<0,01), como também apresentou uma correlação positiva entre Pphubbing e afetos negativos (r=0,33; p<0,01). Através da regressão, o Pphubbing mostrou influência na satisfação com o relacionamento (β= -0,38; p<0,001), afetos positivos (β=-0,32; p<0,001) e afetos negativos (β=0,33; p<0,001). Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que os participantes que sofrem mais phubbing de seus parceiros tendem a ter menos satisfação com o relacionamento, assim como menos Bem-Estar Subjetivo. Assim, este é um artigo com resultados inéditos para o Brasil e um dos poucos no mundo a avaliar quantitativamente o phubbing nos relacionamentos amorosos. Desta forma, contribui para o fomento de futuras pesquisas na área e para o embasamento de intervenções e ações de conscientização acerca do uso saudável do Smartphone.

Resumen Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo por objetivo investigar la influencia del Partner Phubbing (Pphubbing) en el bienestar subjetivo y la satisfacción en las relaciones amorosas. Método: En el estudio participaron 217 personas con una media de edad de 25 años (min. 18, máx. 53 y dp = 5,98), siendo el 62,2 % del sexo femenino. Estos respondieron a las escalas de Pphubbing, afectos positivos y negativos, satisfacción con la vida, escala de satisfacción con la relación y cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los datos fueron analizados a través del SPSS (v.22). Resultados: Se encontró una correlación negativa y significativa entre el phubbing y los afectos positivos (r= -0,32, p<0,01), la satisfacción con la vida (r= -0,13; p<0,01) y la satisfacción con la relación (r= -0,38 p<0,01), como también presentó una correlación significativa, positiva y moderada entre el phubbing y los afectos negativos (r=0,33; p<0,01). A través de la regresión, el Pphubbing mostró influencia en la satisfacción con la relación (β=-0,38; p<0,001), afectos positivos (β=-0,32; p<0,001) y afectos negativos (β=0,33; p<0,001). Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que los participantes que sufren más phubbing de sus parejas tienden a tener menos satisfacción con la relación, así como menos bienestar subjetivo. Por lo tanto, este es un artículo con resultados inéditos para Brasil y uno de los pocos en el mundo en evaluar cuantitativamente el phubbing en las relaciones amorosas. De esta forma, contribuye al fomento de futuras investigaciones en el área y para el basamento de intervenciones y acciones de concientización acerca del uso saludable del Smartphone.

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to research partner phubbing´s influence (phubbing) on subjective well-being and romantic relationships' satisfaction. Method: The study included 217 participants with a mean age of 25 years (minimum age = 18, maximum age 53, and dp = 5.98), 62,2 % being female. They responded to the phubbing scales, positive and negative effects, life satisfaction, relationship satisfaction scale, and sociodemographic questionnaire. The data were analyzed through the SPSS software (v.22). Results: A significant and negative correlation was found between phubbing and positive effects (r = −0.32, p < 0.01), life satisfaction (r = −0.13, p < 0.01), and relationship satisfaction (r = −0.38, p < 0.01), as it also presented a significant, positive, and moderate correlation between phubbing and negative effects (r = 0.33, p < 0.01). Through the regression, phubbing showed an influence on the relationship satisfaction (β = −0.38, p < 0.001), positive effects (β = −0.32, p < 0.001), and negative effects (β = 0.33, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results suggest that those who experience more phubbing from their partners tend to be less satisfied with their relationship, as well as have less subjective well-being. Therefore, this article offers unprecedented results for Brazil, one of the few in the world to quantitatively evaluate phubbing in romantic relationships. In this way, it contributes to encouraging future research in the area and provides a basis for interventions and awareness actions regarding the healthy use of smartphone.

Exploring the East-West Divide in Prevalence of Affective Disorder: A Case for Cultural Differences in Coping With Negative Emotion.

Lifetime rates of clinical depression and anxiety in the West tend to be approximately 4 to 10 times greater than rates in Asia. In this review, we explore one possible reason for this cross-cultural difference, that Asian cultures think differently about emotion than do Western cultures and that these different systems of thought help explain why negative affect does not escalate into clinical disorder at the same rate. We review research from multiple disciplines-including cross-cultural psychology, social cognition, clinical psychology, and psychiatry-to make the case that the Eastern holistic principles of contradiction (each experience is associated with its opposite), change (the world exists in a state of constant flux), and context (the interconnectedness of all things) fundamentally shape people's experience of emotions in different cultures. We then review evidence for how these cultural differences influence how successfully people use common emotion regulation strategies such as rumination and suppression.

Influence of emotions evoked by life events on food choice.

PURPOSE: Considering the importance of replicating real-life experiences in studying emotional eating, this study investigated the influence of emotions evoked by life events on food choice in normal-weight and overweight women. METHODS: Normal-weight (n = 21) and overweight women (n = 23) aged 25-42 years were assigned to one of two different conditions: in one, they were shown a video with scenes of daily activities to elicit neutral responses; in the other, they were shown a video with scenes of common problems to evoke negative emotions. The participants were then offered a brunch containing sweet, salty, and healthy food items to evaluate their consumption and food choice. RESULTS: Exposure to negative emotions evoked by life problems increased energy intake in both groups, but they differed in terms of food choice. The normal-weight women increased only the consumption of sweet food (p = 0.044), whereas the overweight women significantly increased ingestion of sweet and salty foods (sweet food p = 0.031; salty food p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that common problems of life might trigger food consumption in the presence of high availability. Both groups increased food consumption after negative emotions and the normal-weight group had a higher increase than the overweight group. However, normal-weight women increased consumption of sweet foods, whereas overweight women consumed more salty, fried, and sweet foods. Healthy food was not chosen under these conditions. This should serve as a warning for the risks of excess exposure to high-sugar or high-fat food as everyday problems will not cease to exist. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II: evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization.

Negative emotions affect postoperative scores for evaluating functional knee recovery and quality of life after total knee replacement

This study aimed to determine whether psychological factors affect health-related quality of life (HRQL) and recovery of knee function in total knee replacement (TKR) patients. A total of 119 TKR patients (male: 38; female: 81) completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-revised (EPQR-S), Knee Society Score (KSS), and HRQL (SF-36). At 1 and 6 months after surgery, anxiety, depression, and KSS scores in TKR patients were significantly better compared with those preoperatively (P<0.05). SF-36 scores at the sixth month after surgery were significantly improved compared with preoperative scores (P<0.001). Preoperative Physical Component Summary Scale (PCS) and Mental Component Summary Scale (MCS) scores were negatively associated with extraversion (E score) (B=-0.986 and -0.967, respectively, both P<0.05). Postoperative PCS and State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) scores were negatively associated with neuroticism (N score; B=-0.137 and -0.991, respectively, both P<0.05). Postoperative MCS, SAI, Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI), and BAI scores were also negatively associated with the N score (B=-0.367, -0.107, -0.281, and -0.851, respectively, all P<0.05). The KSS function score at the sixth month after surgery was negatively associated with TAI and N scores (B=-0.315 and -0.532, respectively, both P<0.05), but positively associated with the E score (B=0.215, P<0.05). The postoperative KSS joint score was positively associated with postoperative PCS (B=0.356, P<0.05). In conclusion, for TKR patients, the scores used for evaluating recovery of knee function and HRQL after 6 months are inversely associated with the presence of negative emotions.

The impact of neuromyelitis optica on the recognition of emotional facial expressions: a preliminary report.

Although neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is classically recognized as an affectation of optic nerves and spinal cord, recent reports have shown brain atrophy and cognitive dysfunction in this condition. Importantly, emotion-related brain regions appear to be impaired in NMO. However, no studies of NMO' emotional processing have been published. The goal of the current study was to investigate facial emotion recognition in 10 patients with NMO and 10 healthy controls by controlling for relevant cognitive factors. Consistent with previous reports, NMO patients performed poorly across cognitive domains (divided attention, working memory, and information-processing speed). Our findings further evidence the relative inability of NMO patients to recognize negative emotions (disgust, anger, and fear), in comparison to controls, with these deficits not explained by other cognitive impairments. Results provide the first evidence that NMO may impair the ability to recognize negative emotions. These impairments appear to be related to possible damage in brain regions underling emotional networks, including the anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex. Findings increased both our understanding of NMO's cognitive impairment, and the neural networks underlying negative emotions.