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1.
Oncologist ; 29(7): e918-e921, 2024 Jul 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38739017

RESUMEN

Prescription drug costs within oncology remain a challenge for many patients with cancer. The Mark Cuban Cost Plus Drug Company (MCCPDC) launched in 2022, aiming to provide transparently priced medications at reduced costs. In this study, we sought to describe the potential impact of MCCPDC on Medicare Part-D oncology spending related to cancer-directed (n = 7) and supportive care (n = 26) drugs. We extracted data for drug-specific Part-D claims and spending for 2021. Using 90-count purchases from MCCPDC, we found potential Part-D savings of $857.8 million (91% savings) across the 7 cancer-directed drugs and $28.7 million (67% savings) across 21/26 (5/26 did not demonstrate savings) supportive care drugs. Collectively, our findings support that alternative purchasing models like MCCPDC may promote substantial health care savings.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Medicare Part D , Neoplasias , Medicamentos bajo Prescripción , Medicamentos bajo Prescripción/economía , Antineoplásicos/economía , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Ahorro de Costo
2.
Cult Med Psychiatry ; 48(3): 507-525, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38652342

RESUMEN

The introduction of mental health collaborative care (MHCC) is one of the strategies to scale up access to mental health care in primary health care in Brazil. This article investigates an experience of mental health collaborative care in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is a qualitative study involving interviews with physicians and mental health professionals working in primary health care units located in the northern part of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The aim is to examine the various strategies and negotiations that primary health care professionals deploy to identify mental distress and plan health care interventions. We discuss the results within the economy of attention framework. We argue that divergences in diagnostic design and therapeutic planning carried out by professionals and users or observed in MHCC meetings illustrate the health-disease-care seeking phenomenon as a negotiated process, entangled in complex interactions. Our results evince that those interactions are not always evident and configure 'what is at stake' in mental suffering. The incorporation of cultural and structural determinants in collaborative care may enable the expansion of mental health initiatives sensitive to local needs and realities.


Asunto(s)
Servicios de Salud Mental , Atención Primaria de Salud , Investigación Cualitativa , Humanos , Brasil , Negociación , Trastornos Mentales/terapia , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Conducta Cooperativa , Adulto , Femenino , Masculino
3.
Disasters ; 47(3): 700-724, 2023 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36379913

RESUMEN

Humanitarian and development agencies intervening in Latin American cities increasingly face the challenge posed by criminal armed groups (CAGs). Yet, there is a need for evidence-based comparative studies on how international agencies deal with them. Drawing on data collected in Colombia, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and Mexico, this paper presents a novel typology of humanitarian organisations' access strategies that distinguishes between different levels of interaction with CAGs. The paper shows how humanitarian agencies assess a variety of risks and balance the potential consequences of their engagement with CAGs with the need to maintain constructive and trustful relationships with the state and the community with which they work. It finds that indirect dialogue or negotiation with CAGs via community leaders who act as intermediaries might provide a low-risk alternative to direct negotiation with CAG leaders, provided that 'do no harm' and humanitarian protection considerations vis-à-vis communities and intermediaries play a central role.


Asunto(s)
Criminales , Negociación , Humanos , América Latina , México , Honduras
4.
Chronic Illn ; 19(4): 730-742, 2023 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36062573

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To describe how patients with CKD negotiated assigned responsibilities in the management of their disease, resulting in potential relational nonadherence. METHODS: Qualitative study performed in two healthcare facilities in Buenos Aires, Argentina, including 50 patients and 14 healthcare providers. We conducted semistructured interviews which were analysed using a frame of reference with concepts of Burden of Treatment and Cognitive Authority theories. FINDINGS: Adherence to treatment defined "good patients". Patients needed to negotiate starting treatment, its modality and dialysis schedule, although most patients felt they did not participate in the decision process and that providers did not acknowledge implications of these decisions on their routine. Some patients skipped dialysis if concerns were not attended. Regularly, patients negotiated frequency of visits, doses, dietary restrictions and redefined relationships with their support networks, sometimes with devasting effects. As a result of overwhelming uncertainty some patients refused enrolling into a transplant program. When the frequency of complications increased, patients considered abandoning dialysis. CONCLUSION: When patients perceived demands were excessive or conflicting, they entered into negotiations. Relationally induced nonadherence may arise when professionals do not or cannot enter into negotiations over patients' beliefs or knowledge about what is possible for them to do.


Asunto(s)
Negociación , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica , Humanos , Argentina , Motivación , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/terapia , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/psicología , Investigación Cualitativa
5.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36498016

RESUMEN

Well-being at work is one of the factors determining healthy work conditions and is perceived by workers as a positive psychological state. In this study, the concept of well-being at work was used together with occupational functionality (i.e., current health state, current work environment, and barriers/facilitators to implementing well-being at work), occupational risk perception, and proactivity/negotiations held by workers to improve working conditions. In this context, the objectives were to identify the socio-demographic and occupational characteristics independently associated with levels of well-being at work of the multidisciplinary PHC health team; detect barriers or facilitators resulting from the attitudes of colleagues, community members, and managers that influence the well-being at work of the multidisciplinary health team; and identify with whom and what reasons led health workers to become proactive and negotiate improved working conditions. This cross-sectional study addressed 338 health workers from the multidisciplinary teams of PHC outpatient services in the extreme south of Brazil. Multivariate linear regression models were adopted to analyze data. The results show various independent associations with levels of well-being at work. Nursing workers (technicians and nurses) more frequently expressed job commitment and job satisfaction. Difficulties in solving problems and performing work routines, and co-workers' attitudes directly influence the well-being of the PHC team members. Risk perception (physical and chemical) also influences well-being. Negotiations in which PHC managers engaged to improve working conditions appeared as a significant predictor of job commitment, job satisfaction, and job involvement. The results reveal that well-being at work is an important indicator of the potential of workers' proactivity in negotiating improved working conditions.


Asunto(s)
Personal de Enfermería , Condiciones de Trabajo , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Satisfacción en el Trabajo , Personal de Salud , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
6.
Reprod Health ; 18(1): 40, 2021 Feb 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33588891

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In 2015-2017, the Americas experienced a highly consequential epidemics for pregnancy and childbearing. Mainly transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, but also through sexual intercourse, the Zika virus poses the risk of congenital Zika syndrome to fetus, which includes microcephaly and other child development complications. When a public health crisis taps directly into reproductive health, typically a feminine realm, responses to the emergency may exacerbate deeply-rooted gender norms. This paper investigates the role of gender in two relational contexts: (a) the government-led response to the pandemic in terms of communication campaigns aimed at preventing Zika infections; and (b) an individual level of response to the emergency, concerning women's negotiation with their sexual partners with regard to the prevention of Zika as well as pregnancies. METHODS: We conducted content analysis of 94 unique pieces from public health communication campaigns produced by governmental agencies with the goal of promoting Zika awareness. Print and online materials were collected from May 2016 to August 2017, and included TV ads, Internet Pop-ups, and pamphlets. We also analyzed transcripts from 16 focus groups conducted with reproductive-aged women (18-40) in Belo Horizonte and Recife, two large cities differently affected by the Zika outbreak. Women answered open-ended questions connected to the epidemic, in areas such as personal knowledge and experiences with the Zika virus, experiences of their friends and acquaintances, their primary information sources, their perceptions of public health efforts toward containing the outbreak, as well as women's contraceptive use. RESULTS: Campaign pieces handling pregnancy and microcephaly were largely gendered. Pieces targeted women, placing on their shoulders the responsibility for protecting a potential fetus from the disease. Importantly, campaigns neglected addressing male's participation on Zika prevention and contraceptive management, while failing to take into account Brazil's large proportion of unplanned pregnancies. Women were placed in a double bind by being expected to prevent both pregnancy and Zika, in a context where gendered power imbalances often translate in women having little power/means for condom negotiation/avoiding unprotected sexual intercourse. CONCLUSION: Government and individual responses to the epidemics reinforced gender roles, situating pregnant women as responsible for averting mosquito bites and microcephaly. Further, prevention campaigns largely excluded men. Since low-socioeconomic status women possessed fewer resources to preclude infection, we also found that beyond the gender divide, this subgroup faced more pronounced Zika prevention challenges as they found it harder to negotiate condom use with their sexual partners and often could not access other types of contraceptives resulting in unplanned pregnancies.


Asunto(s)
Conducta Anticonceptiva/psicología , Equidad de Género , Infección por el Virus Zika/prevención & control , Virus Zika , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Conducta Anticonceptiva/etnología , Anticonceptivos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Embarazo , Embarazo no Planeado , Salud Pública , Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos , Derechos de la Mujer , Infección por el Virus Zika/epidemiología
7.
Agora USB ; 20(2): 37-56, jul.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Artículo en Español | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1152753

RESUMEN

Resumen Las infraestructuras de paz, desde su génesis en la administración de Belisario Be tancur, en Colombia, han sido grupos de presión de carácter privado y mixto en me nor medida, que están en una constante lucha por constituirse como un actor políti co con un grado mayor de institucionalización, valiéndose de la movilización social de manera pacífica. Estos grupos de presión a diferencia de los partidos, solo pre tenden influir el sistema político. Se concluye que las infraestructuras de paz, han transitado de ser un grupo de presión a un actor político con participación directa y necesidades puntuales en el posconflicto.


Abstract Peace infrastructure, from its onset under Belisario Betancur's term, in Colombia, has been pressure groups of a private and mixed nature to a lesser extent, which are in a constant struggle to establish themselves as a political actor with a greater degree of institutionalization, by using social mobilization peacefully. These groups of pressure, unlike parties, are only intended to influence the political system. It is concluded that peace infrastructure has gone from being a pressure group to a poli tical actor with direct participation and timely needs in the post-conflict.

8.
Am J Surg ; 220(5): 1201-1207, 2020 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32723492

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Negotiation is an essential professional skill. Surgeons negotiating new roles must consider: 1) career level (e.g., new graduate, mid-career or leadership), 2) practice environment (e.g., academic, private practice), 3) organization (e.g., academic, university-affiliated, specialized center), and 4) work-life needs (e.g., geography, joint recruitment). METHODS: A review of the literature related to surgical job negotiation was conducted. Expert opinion was also sought. RESULTS: Current data and experience suggest that negotiation must be tailored to practice type, surgeon experience/skill set and should always occur with the advice of legal counsel. Understanding principled negotiation and engaging in preparation and practice will also improve negotiation skills. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings shed light on common blind spots among surgeons negotiating new professional roles and provide guidance on optimizing job negotiation skills.


Asunto(s)
Movilidad Laboral , Empleo , Negociación , Cirujanos , Humanos
9.
Psicol. conoc. Soc ; 9(2): 226-238, dic. 2019.
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1091845

RESUMEN

Resumo: Este artigo busca trazer contribuições para se pensar métodos de pesquisa a partir da Teoria Ator-rede (TAR), com autores como Latour, Despret, Favret-Saada, dentre outros - no intuito de trazer visibilidade a novas maneiras de se posicionar enquanto pesquisador. Nesta perspectiva, o pesquisador se encontra em um movimento de tradução e negociação, em um curso de ação composto por agentes diversos. Uma vez que se concebe que as ciências não estão recortadas do resto dos acontecimentos dispersos no mundo, pode então o cientista dar-se a percorrer uma infinidade de possibilidades de intervenção ao seguir as ações e seus agentes. Deste modo, o que estaria em pauta seria a produção de boas generalizações e não a comprovação de verdades previamente estabelecidas. Neste sentido, o caminho de pesquisa estaria representado pela capacidade de articulação das ciências com temas para além de suas fronteiras, compondo outras traduções, mais amplas e inclusivas daquilo que as cercam.


Resumen: Este artículo busca hacer contribuciones para pensar el método de investigación a partir de Latour y demás autores como Despret y Favret-Saada, con el propósito de traer visibilidad a nuevas maneras de posicionarse como investigador. En esta perspectiva, el investigador se encuentra en un movimiento de traducción y negociación, en un curso de acción compuesto por agentes diversos. Una vez que se concibe que las ciencias no están recortadas del resto de los acontecimientos dispersos en el mundo, puede entonces el científico darse a recorrer una infinidad de posibilidades de intervención al seguir las acciones y sus agentes. Así, lo que estaría en pauta sería la producción de buenas generalizaciones y no la comprobación de verdades previamente establecidas. En este sentido, el "interés" discutido por Latour sería representado por la capacidad de articulación de las ciencias con temas más allá de sus fronteras, componiendo otras traducciones, más amplias e inclusivas de aquello que las rodea.


Abstract: This article makes some contributions to think about the research method from Latour and other authors such as Despret and Favret-Saada, in order to bring visibility to new ways of positioning oneself as a researcher. In this sense, the researcher is in a movement of translation and negotiation, in a course of action composed of diverse agents. Once the sciences are conceived as not being out from the rest of the world's dispersed events, then the scientist can go through a myriad of possibilities of intervention by following the actions and their agents. Thus, what would be in question would be the production of good generalizations and not the proof of previously established truths. In this sense, the "interest" discussed by Latour would be represented by the capacity of articulation of the sciences with themes beyond their borders, composing other translations, broader and more inclusive of what surrounds them.

10.
Agora USB ; 19(1): 35-63, ene.-jun. 2019.
Artículo en Español | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038193

RESUMEN

Resumen El presente artículo de investigación analiza orientaciones emocionales colectivas de carácter político como barreras psicosociales para la construcción de la paz y la reconciliación en Colombia. Se realizaron 55 entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad a ciudadanos del común en la ciudad de Medellín, de las que emergieron discursos relacionados con estas orientaciones emocionales, dirigidas al proceso de negociación política del conflicto armado entre el gobierno colombiano y la guerrilla de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia - Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP). Se identificaron diversas orientaciones emocionales como ira, indignación y odio, dirigidas hacia las FARC, especialmente por los participantes que se mostraron en desacuerdo. Mientras que, quienes estaban de acuerdo, en menor medida expresaron este tipo de emociones hacia paramilitares. Sin embargo, hacia la fuerza pública, los tres grupos categorizados expresaron orientaciones emocionales de admiración, orgullo y sentimiento de patriotismo. De otro lado, la esperanza y la empatía como posibilitadoras de escenarios de transformación del conflicto armado primaron en quienes se encontraban de acuerdo. Finalmente, la tristeza y el dolor emergieron en la mayoría de los participantes, pero en quienes estaban de acuerdo se asoció con solidaridad hacia las víctimas y deseo de transformar la guerra en Colombia por la vía de la negociación política.


Abstract This current research paper analyzes the collective emotional guidelines of a political nature as psychosocial barriers for the construction of peace and reconciliation in Colombia. 55 deep and semi-structured interviews were carried out to ordinary people in the city of Medellín, from which speech related with these emotional guidelines emerged, which are addressed to the process of political negotiation of the armed conflict between the Colombian government and the guerrilla of Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - Peoples' Army (FARC-EP). Diverse emotional guidelines, such as wrath, outrage, and hatred; targeted to FARC were identified, especially by the participants, who showed their disagreement. While, those who agreed, in a lesser measure, expressed this type of emotions toward paramilitary groups. Nevertheless, toward the law enforcement, the three categorized groups expressed emotional guidelines of admiration, pride, and feeling of patriotism. Otherwise, hope and empathy as enablers of transformation scenarios of the armed conflict prevailed in those who agreed. Finally, sadness and pain emerged in most of the participants, but in those who agreed, it was associated with solidarity toward the victims and the desire of transforming war in Colombia by means of the political negotiation.

11.
Global Health ; 13(1): 53, 2017 Aug 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28764738

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends establishing and implementing a national pharmaceutical policy (NPP) to guarantee effective and equitable access to medicines. Mexico has implemented several policy approaches to regulate the pharmaceutical sector, but it has no formal NPP. This article describes the approach that the Mexican government has taken to improve availability and affordability of essential medicines. METHODS: Descriptive policy analysis of public pharmaceutical policy proposals and health action plans on the basis of publicly available data and health progress reports, with a focus on availability and affordability of medicines. RESULTS: The government has implemented pooled procurement, price negotiations, and an information platform in the public sector to improve affordability and availability. The government mainly reports on the savings that these strategies have generated in the public expenditure but their full impact on availability and affordability has not been assessed. CONCLUSIONS: To increase availability and affordability of medicines in the public sector, the Mexican government has resorted on isolated strategies. In addition to efficient procurement, price negotiations and price information, other policy components and pricing interventions are needed. All these strategies should be included in a comprehensive NPP.


Asunto(s)
Medicamentos Esenciales/provisión & distribución , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Humanos , México , Política Pública , Sector Público
12.
Psicol. esc. educ ; 16(2): 247-255, jul.-dez. 2012.
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: lil-660741

RESUMEN

No aporte teórico de Jean Piaget, a negociação da perspectiva é considerada processo que vai do egocentrismo à reciprocidade. O artigo objetivou analisar as condutas no jogo Rummikub e a negociação da perspectiva interpares. A pesquisa qualitativa na modalidade de estudo descritivo ocorreu em uma escola estadual em Londrina - PR e dela participaram 8 alunos da sala de apoio. Foram realizadas 10 sessões com o jogo - 4 de aprendizagem e 6 avaliativas. Os resultados demonstraram que as jogadas predominantemente egocêntricas e autocentradas estão relacionadas à dificuldade de antecipação, autocontrole e ausência de autonomia na aprendizagem. As condutas mais recíprocas relacionaram-se à autonomia, planejamento de ações e enfrentamento dos desafios. Condutas mais egocêntricas no jogo corresponderam à maior necessidade de trapacear, usar estratégias contrárias às regras e autofavorecedoras. A negociação das perspectivas deve ser oportunizada em situações de aprendizagem escolar nas quais os aspectos sociais, afetivos e cognitivos encontram-se interdependentes.


According to Jean Piaget´s theory, negotiation of perspective is considered a process that goes from egocentrism to reciprocity. In this article we aim at analyzing the conducts at Rummikub game and the peer's negotiation of perspective. We conducted this qualitative research in the modality of a descriptive study in a state school in Londrina-PR with 8 students of a supportive classroom. We had ten sessions on the game - four dedicated to learning and six to evaluation. The results demonstrated that the egocentric and individual-centered plays are related to the difficulty in anticipation and self-control and of the absence of learning autonomy. The plays with more reciprocal conducts were related to autonomy, to the planning of actions and to a higher disposition to face challenges. More egocentric conducts in the game corresponded to a higher need to cheat or use strategies contrary to the rules and self-beneficial. We argue that negotiation of perspectives must be favored in learning situations in schools among peers, for they allow an exchange to take place in which the social, emotional and cognitive aspects are found to be interdependent.


El aporte teórico de Jean Piaget señala que la negociación de la perspectiva es considerada proceso que transita del egocentrismo a la reciprocidad. El artículo tuvo el objetivo de analizar las conductas en juego Rummikub y la negociación de la perspectiva inter pares. La investigación cualitativa en la modalidad de estudio descriptivo sucedió en una escuela estatal en Londrina (Paraná) y contó con la participación de 8 alumnos de la sala de apoyo. Se realizaron 10 sesiones con el juego - 4 de aprendizaje y 6 evaluativas. Los resultados demostraron que las jugadas predominantemente egocéntricas y auto-centradas están relacionadas a la dificultad de anticipación, autocontrol y ausencia de autonomía en el aprendizaje. Las conductas más recíprocas se relacionaron a la autonomía, planificación de acciones y enfrentamiento de desafíos. Conductas más egocéntricas en el juego correspondieron a mayor necesidad de hacer trampas, usar estrategias que burlan reglas y que se muestran auto-favorecedoras. La negociación de perspectivas debe ser posibilitada en situaciones de aprendizaje escolar en las que los aspectos sociales, afectivos y cognitivos son interdependientes.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Cognición , Negociación , Investigación Cualitativa
13.
Psicol. esc. educ ; 16(2): 247-255, jul.-dez. 2012.
Artículo en Portugués | Index Psicología - Revistas | ID: psi-66911

RESUMEN

No aporte teórico de Jean Piaget, a negociação da perspectiva é considerada processo que vai do egocentrismo à reciprocidade. O artigo objetivou analisar as condutas no jogo Rummikub e a negociação da perspectiva interpares. A pesquisa qualitativa na modalidade de estudo descritivo ocorreu em uma escola estadual em Londrina - PR e dela participaram 8 alunos da sala de apoio. Foram realizadas 10 sessões com o jogo - 4 de aprendizagem e 6 avaliativas. Os resultados demonstraram que as jogadas predominantemente egocêntricas e autocentradas estão relacionadas à dificuldade de antecipação, autocontrole e ausência de autonomia na aprendizagem. As condutas mais recíprocas relacionaram-se à autonomia, planejamento de ações e enfrentamento dos desafios. Condutas mais egocêntricas no jogo corresponderam à maior necessidade de trapacear, usar estratégias contrárias às regras e autofavorecedoras. A negociação das perspectivas deve ser oportunizada em situações de aprendizagem escolar nas quais os aspectos sociais, afetivos e cognitivos encontram-se interdependentes.(AU)


According to Jean Piaget´s theory, negotiation of perspective is considered a process that goes from egocentrism to reciprocity. In this article we aim at analyzing the conducts at Rummikub game and the peer's negotiation of perspective. We conducted this qualitative research in the modality of a descriptive study in a state school in Londrina-PR with 8 students of a supportive classroom. We had ten sessions on the game - four dedicated to learning and six to evaluation. The results demonstrated that the egocentric and individual-centered plays are related to the difficulty in anticipation and self-control and of the absence of learning autonomy. The plays with more reciprocal conducts were related to autonomy, to the planning of actions and to a higher disposition to face challenges. More egocentric conducts in the game corresponded to a higher need to cheat or use strategies contrary to the rules and self-beneficial. We argue that negotiation of perspectives must be favored in learning situations in schools among peers, for they allow an exchange to take place in which the social, emotional and cognitive aspects are found to be interdependent.(AU)


El aporte teórico de Jean Piaget señala que la negociación de la perspectiva es considerada proceso que transita del egocentrismo a la reciprocidad. El artículo tuvo el objetivo de analizar las conductas en juego Rummikub y la negociación de la perspectiva inter pares. La investigación cualitativa en la modalidad de estudio descriptivo sucedió en una escuela estatal en Londrina (Paraná) y contó con la participación de 8 alumnos de la sala de apoyo. Se realizaron 10 sesiones con el juego - 4 de aprendizaje y 6 evaluativas. Los resultados demostraron que las jugadas predominantemente egocéntricas y auto-centradas están relacionadas a la dificultad de anticipación, autocontrol y ausencia de autonomía en el aprendizaje. Las conductas más recíprocas se relacionaron a la autonomía, planificación de acciones y enfrentamiento de desafíos. Conductas más egocéntricas en el juego correspondieron a mayor necesidad de hacer trampas, usar estrategias que burlan reglas y que se muestran auto-favorecedoras. La negociación de perspectivas debe ser posibilitada en situaciones de aprendizaje escolar en las que los aspectos sociales, afectivos y cognitivos son interdependientes.(AU)


Asunto(s)
Negociación , Cognición , Investigación Cualitativa
14.
Dados rev. ciênc. sociais ; Dados rev. ciênc. sociais;53(2): 405-445, 2010. tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: lil-562886

RESUMEN

This article analyzes Brazil's performance during the agricultural negotiations in the Doha Round, considering the implications of domestic backing for the country's credibility vis-à-vis the G-20 and the coalition's contribution to increasing Brazil's bargaining power in relation to pressure from the United States and the European Union. The study investigated the positions of agribusiness interest groups, G-20, United States, and European Union in distinct negotiating phases. The theoretical framework used here was the two-level game model. The following observations emerged: domestic backing evolved over the course of the Doha Round; the G-20 helped increase Brazil's bargaining power; and the intensification of disagreements between agribusiness and the negotiations and clashes between agricultural exporting countries and net food importers inside the G-20 eroded Brazil's capacity to act via the coalition and shifted it away from the group in 2008. The study explores the consequences of Brazil's decision for the partnership between Brazil and India.


Dans cet article, on examine le rôle du Brésil dans les négociations agricoles de la Rencontre de Doha en considérant les conséquences du soutien intérieur à la crédibilité du pays auprès du G-20 et la contribution de la coalition en vue d'élargir le pouvoir de négociation du Brésil face aux pressions des États Unis et de l'Union Européenne. Dans ce but, on examine les positions des groupes d'intérêt de l'agrobusiness, du G-20, des USA et de l'UE dans différentes phases de négociation. Le modèle théorique choisi a été celui des jeux à deux niveaux. On a constaté que le soutien intérieur subissait une évolution tout au long du sommet; le G-20 a aidé le Brésil à augmenter son pouvoir de négociation; l'intensification des désaccords de l'agrobusiness dans les négociations et les divergences entre pays exportateurs agricoles et importateurs nets d'aliments à l'intérieur du G-20 ont diminué la possibilité du Brésil d'agir à travers la coalition, ce qui l'a amené à s´écarter du groupe en 2008. Les conséquences de la décision brésilienne sur le partenariat Brésil-Inde ont également été examinées.

15.
Diversitas perspectiv. psicol ; 3(2): 287-299, jul.-dic. 2007. ilus, tab
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: lil-635550

RESUMEN

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las representaciones sociales de un grupo de 20 jóvenes universitarios frente al atentado con carro bomba ocurrido el 19 de Octubre del 2006 en la Escuela Superior de Guerra del Ejército Nacional ubicada en la ciudad de Bogotá. Para ello se aplicó una entrevista estructurada conformada por tres preguntas abiertas con el fin de conocer las representaciones de jóvenes universitarios pertenecientes a dos universidades diferentes: Universidad Militar Nueva Granada y Universidad Católica de Colombia. El análisis cualitativo de los datos evidencia la emergencia de categorías de análisis tales como: atribución de responsabilidad, vivencia del atentado y acciones preventivas en la representación del atentado.


The aim of this study was to know the social representations in a group of 20 young university students about the car-bomb attack which have place at October 19 of 2006 in the Superior School of War of the National Army located in Bogotá city. To do it, a structured interview was applied conformed by three open questions with the purpose of know the representations of young university students from two different universities: Military University New Granada and Catholic University of Colombia. The qualitative analysis of the data demonstrates the emergency of categories of analysis such as: attribution of responsibility, experience of the attack and preventive actions in the representation of the attack.

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