Rare primary choroidal melanoma in a dog, with optic nerve infiltration / Raro melanoma primário de coroide em cão, com infiltração no nervo óptico

Intraocular melanocytic neoplasms are common in dogs. However, the choroidal location of these neoplasms and their infiltration into the optic nerve are unusual. This paper reports a case of primary choroidal melanoma in a 12-year-old male Dachshund. On the first examination, the animal presented left eye blepharospasm, protrusion of the nictitating membrane, conjunctival hyperemia, moderate congestion, hyphema, and intraocular hypertension. Opacity hindered the performance of fundoscopy in the affected eye. The ocular ultrasound examination revealed a cupuliform mass in the choroid. Due to suspected intraocular neoplasia, an exenteration was performed. Histopathological examination revealed primary choroidal melanoma with scleral and optic nerve invasion.(AU)

Neoplasias melanocíticas intraoculares são comuns em cães, contudo, a localização destas neoplasias na coroide e a infiltração delas no nervo óptico são pouco frequentes. O presente trabalho relata um caso de melanoma de coroide primário em um cão da raça Dachshund, com 12 anos de idade. O animal ao primeiro exame apresentou blefaropasmo no olho esquerdo, protrusão da terceira pálpebra, hiperemia conjuntival, congestão moderada, hifema e pressão intraocular elevada. Opacidade de meios transparentes impediu a realização de fundoscopia no olho acometido. O exame ultrassonográfico ocular revelou massa cupuliforme na coroide. Em razão da suspeita de neoplasia intraocular foi realizada exenteração. No exame histopatológico foi diagnosticado melanoma primário em coroide com invasão escleral e do nervo óptico.(AU)

Carcinoma de células escamosas em pálpebra com metástase ocular em um gato doméstico / Squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid with ocular metastases in a domestic cat

Background: Eye neoplasms are infrequent in felines and usually affect the eyelids. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a neoplasm that occurs owing to recurrent lesions caused by solar radiation and affects the margins of the ears, eyelids, nose and lips of animals with light-colored coat. The clinical signs consist of ulcerated, crusty lesions that may form masses. The diagnosis is established by means of histopathological analysis, and the prognosis depends on the area affected and tumor infiltration. This work aimed to describe a case of SCC in the eyelid with invasion of the eye and its adnexa in a cat, highlighting clinical aspects and the importance of the anatomopathological examination. Case: A female mixed breed senile cat that had been rescued from the streets was brought in for examination. Dehydration and a low body condition score were observed at the general clinical examination. A physical inspection revealed the presence of an ulcerated periocular lesion on the eyelid; the right eye exhibited increased size and loss of definition of its internal structures. The presence of malodorous cerumen in the right ear canal, a tilted head, and walking in circles to the right were also noted. A dysplastic epithelium along with neutrophilic inflammation was observed at the cytopathological analysis. The treatment instituted consisted of administration of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, and cleaning of the ear. On the follow-up appointment, 2 days later, the patient's condition had worsened and in spite of the supportive therapy administered, the animal died. An anatomopathological study of the body identified, in addition to the alterations in the eyelid and the eye mentioned above, a traumatic lesion with perforation of the mandibular bone, and presence of a brownish content with caseous consistency in the right ear canal. After visualization of the microscopic alterations, the diagnosis established was squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid with metastases in the optical nerve and choroid blood vessels. Discussion: Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common epithelial neoplasms in felines, and can occur in any region of the face; however, the eyelids and the eyes are less frequently affected, which confirms that the case reported here is uncommon. SCC has a higher incidence in female cats older than 10 years of age with light-colored coat and highly exposed to ultraviolet radiation. The case reported here exhibited these characteristics, as the patient had been rescued from the streets where exposition to sunlight is intense. The clinical presentation was consistent with that described in other works, with ulcerated crusty lesions on the eyelid and the nose. Vestibular syndrome, as inferred from the tilted head and circular gait (walking in circles to the right), could be explained by internal otitis, which was observed at necropsy. The cytological analysis of the eye lesion demonstrated the presence of a neutrophilic inflammatory process along with a dysplastic or immature squamous epithelium, which prompted for therapy using antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs. The definitive diagnosis was established with basis on the histopathological analysis, which revealed a pattern of neoplastic cells arranged in clusters or strands connected to the epidermal surface, and the presence of "keratin pearls" consistent with SCC affecting not only the eyelid and the eye, but also invading the optical nerve and the choroid blood vessels. The prognosis was unfavorable owing to the advanced stage of the tumor and concomitant diseases. Even though the development of SCC in the eyelid is relatively common, the occurrence of metastasis in the eye adnexa is rare in felines. An anatomopathological study was required to establish the diagnosis of SCC as the patient's clinical history data were scarce.

Características y tendencias de la mortalidad por cáncer de ojo y anexos en Chile / Characteristics and trends in mortality from eye and ocular adnexal cancer in Chile

Material y métodos Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva para analizar la tasa de mortalidad ajustada por edad según sexo y grupos de edad. Con estos datos se efectuó un análisis de la tendencia para la tasa de mortalidad estandarizada usando el análisis de regresión joinpoint, permitiendo estimar el porcentaje de cambio anual (PCA) para hallar cambios significativos en las tendencias. Resultados 407 personas (201 hombres y 206 mujeres) murieron por estas causas durante 1990-2018. La tasa de mortalidad tiene presentación bimodal: en la infancia y adultos mayores. Levemente más alta en hombres que mujeres (tasa estandarizada por edad: 0,12 vs 0,08 por 100.000, respectivamente) pero observándose una baja del 53% en ambos sexos. Se registró una caída estadísticamente significativa en el PCA de -3,43% anual en ambos sexos, más en hombres (-3,31%) que mujeres (-3,66%). Conclusiones La mortalidad cáncer de ojo y anexos tiene picos en la infancia y luego en adultos mayores. En niños la mayoría corresponde a neoplasias malignas de retina y en adultos mayores de órbita. La mortalidad es mayor en hombres que mujeres, pero ambas tasas han ido en disminución asemejándose a las de países industrializados. A pesar de la ausencia de datos de incidencia, esta caída podría deberse al mejoramiento de protocolos diagnóstico y tratamiento, traduciéndose en menores tasas de mortalidad.

Purpose To describe and analyze the characteristics and trends of mortality from eye and adnexal cancer in Chile, by age and sex during 1990-2018. Material and methods A retrospective cohort study to analyze the age-adjusted mortality rate, by sex and age groups was carried out. With these data, a trend analysis for the standardized mortality rate was performed using a joinpoint regression analysis, allowing the annual percentage change (APC) to be estimated to find significant changes in trends. Results 407 people (201 men and 206 women) died due to these causes from 1990-2018. Mortality rate has a bimodal presentation: in childhood and in old adults. Slightly higher in men than women (age-standardized rate: 0,12 vs 0,08 per 100.000, respectively), but a decrease of 53% was observed in both sexes. During the period, there was a statistically significant fall in the APC of -3,43% per year in both sexes, more in men (-3,31%) than in women (-3,66%). Conclusions Mortality from malignant neoplasm of eye and adnexa peaks in childhood and later in older adults. In children, the majority correspond to malignant neoplasm of retina and in older adults of the orbit. Mortality is higher in men than women, but both rates have been decreasing, resembling those of industrialized countries. Despite the absence of incidence data in Chile, this decline could be due to the improvement of diagnostic protocols and treatment, leading to lower mortality rates.

Plasmocitoma extramedular de terceira pálpebra em gato / Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the third eyelid in a cat

Background: Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a neoplasm originating from plasmacytes with benign behavior, althoughit can present malignant characteristics such as local invasion and metastases in some cases. Primary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the third eyelid is rare in humans and animals and has not yet been described in cats. Thus, the goal of thepresent study is to describe the cytological and histopathological findings of an extramedullary plasmacytoma in a catsthird eyelid.Case: A 5-year-old female feline patient with a history of ocular alteration for approximately 30 days was referred tothe ophthalmology service. Upon ophthalmic examination of the left eye, an increase in volume with tissue proliferationwas identified in the third eyelids conjunctiva. A collection of material for cytopathological examination was performed.Numerous plasmocytes and atypical lymphocytes with anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were observed, with a possible neoplastic injury being suggested and referred to the patient for surgical removal of the third eyelid. In the histopathologicalanalysis, it was possible to observe several plasma cells and vascular neoformation along the entire conjunctive marginbelow the epithelium. The glands, serous and mucous, present in the fragment, revealed areas of intervening plasmacyticinfiltrate and a large area close to the hyaline cartilage containing intense plasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate with rareneutrophils and macrophages. There was also a structural breakdown of glandular components and lymphocyte cells withmitosis figures and discrete cellular pleomorphism.Discussion: Plasmacytoma is a rare neoplasm in both dogs and cats. The anatomical regions most frequently affected arethe digits, lips, and pinna. Concerning the 3rd eyelid tumor involvement, numerous...(AU)

Plasmocitoma extramedular de terceira pálpebra em gato / Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the third eyelid in a cat

Background: Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a neoplasm originating from plasmacytes with benign behavior, althoughit can present malignant characteristics such as local invasion and metastases in some cases. Primary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the third eyelid is rare in humans and animals and has not yet been described in cats. Thus, the goal of thepresent study is to describe the cytological and histopathological findings of an extramedullary plasmacytoma in a cat’sthird eyelid.Case: A 5-year-old female feline patient with a history of ocular alteration for approximately 30 days was referred tothe ophthalmology service. Upon ophthalmic examination of the left eye, an increase in volume with tissue proliferationwas identified in the third eyelid’s conjunctiva. A collection of material for cytopathological examination was performed.Numerous plasmocytes and atypical lymphocytes with anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were observed, with a possible neoplastic injury being suggested and referred to the patient for surgical removal of the third eyelid. In the histopathologicalanalysis, it was possible to observe several plasma cells and vascular neoformation along the entire conjunctive marginbelow the epithelium. The glands, serous and mucous, present in the fragment, revealed areas of intervening plasmacyticinfiltrate and a large area close to the hyaline cartilage containing intense plasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate with rareneutrophils and macrophages. There was also a structural breakdown of glandular components and lymphocyte cells withmitosis figures and discrete cellular pleomorphism.Discussion: Plasmacytoma is a rare neoplasm in both dogs and cats. The anatomical regions most frequently affected arethe digits, lips, and pinna. Concerning the 3rd eyelid tumor involvement, numerous...

Non-teratoid ocular medulloepithelioma in an adult horse / Meduloepitelioma ocular não-teratóide em um equino adulto

ABSTRACT: This is a case of medulloepithelioma in a 14-year-old mixed breed gelding horse, presenting a large abnormal mass of tissue involving the entire extension of the right eye. Ophthalmic examination showed deformation and swelling of the eye. The animal showed signs of pain on palpation of the organ, but the specific examination of the systems did not reveal any other changes. Due to the extension of the apparently neoplastic mass and the discomfort experienced by the animal, transpalpebral enucleation procedure was decided. The excised tissue was sent for histopathological analysis, wherein a neoplastic proliferation of neuroectodermal cells was noted. The neoplasm was poorly delimited, unencapsulated, infiltrative, sustained by moderate fibrovascular stroma, and formed cords and rosettes with cells arranged in palisades around the luminal structures (Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes), suggestive of medulloepithelioma. The immunohistochemical profile was also performed, confirming the diagnosis. The neoplastic cells were immunolabeled to vimentin, S100 protein (S100), and specific neuro enolase (NSE), but not for pan cytokeratin (AE1AE3), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and cytokeratin 8/18 (CK8/18). Five months postoperatively, the animal was healthy, without any relapse or evidence of metastasis.

RESUMO: Esse é um caso de meduloepitelioma em um equino sem raça definida, castrado, de 14 anos de idade, que chegou ao atendimento apresentando grande massa de tecido envolvendo toda a extensão do olho direito. No exame oftálmico, foi observada deformação e aumento de volume ocular. O animal manifestou sinais de dor na palpação do órgão, mas o exame específico dos sistemas não revelou demais alterações. Devido à extensão da massa aparentemente neoplásica e o desconforto experimentado pelo equino foi decidida a realização da enucleação transpalpebral. O tecido excisado foi enviado para exame histopatológico, no qual observou-se proliferação neoplásica de células neuroectodérmicas, de forma mal delimitada, não encapsulada, infiltrativa, sustentada por estroma fibrovascular moderado, e formação de cordões e rosetas, com células dispostas em paliçadas ao redor de estruturas luminais (rosetas de Flexner-Wintersteiner), sugestivo de meduloepitelioma. O perfil imunohistoquímico também foi realizado, confirmando o diagnóstico. As células neoplásicas foram imunomarcadas para vimentina, proteína S100 (S100) e neuro enolase específica (NSE), mas não para pan citoqueratina (AE1AE3), proteína glial fibrilar ácida (GFAP) e citoqueratina 8/18 (CK8 / 18). Após cinco meses da realização do procedimento cirúrgico o animal apresentava-se saudável, sem recidiva ou evidência de metástase.

Non-teratoid ocular medulloepithelioma in an adult horse / Meduloepitelioma ocular não-teratóide em um equino adulto

This is a case of medulloepithelioma in a 14-year-old mixed breed gelding horse, presenting a large abnormal mass of tissue involving the entire extension of the right eye. Ophthalmic examination showed deformation and swelling of the eye. The animal showed signs of pain on palpation of the organ, but the specific examination of the systems did not reveal any other changes. Due to the extension of the apparently neoplastic mass and the discomfort experienced by the animal, transpalpebral enucleation procedure was decided. The excised tissue was sent for histopathological analysis, wherein a neoplastic proliferation of neuroectodermal cells was noted. The neoplasm was poorly delimited, unencapsulated, infiltrative, sustained by moderate fibrovascular stroma, and formed cords and rosettes with cells arranged in palisades around the luminal structures (Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes), suggestive of medulloepithelioma. The immunohistochemical profile was also performed, confirming the diagnosis. The neoplastic cells were immunolabeled to vimentin, S100 protein (S100), and specific neuro enolase (NSE), but not for pan cytokeratin (AE1AE3), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and cytokeratin 8/18 (CK8/18). Five months postoperatively, the animal was healthy, without any relapse or evidence of metastasis.(AU)

Esse é um caso de meduloepitelioma em um equino sem raça definida, castrado, de 14 anos de idade, que chegou ao atendimento apresentando grande massa de tecido envolvendo toda a extensão do olho direito. No exame oftálmico, foi observada deformação e aumento de volume ocular. O animal manifestou sinais de dor na palpação do órgão, mas o exame específico dos sistemas não revelou demais alterações. Devido à extensão da massa aparentemente neoplásica e o desconforto experimentado pelo equino foi decidida a realização da enucleação transpalpebral. O tecido excisado foi enviado para exame histopatológico, no qual observou-se proliferação neoplásica de células neuroectodérmicas, de forma mal delimitada, não encapsulada, infiltrativa, sustentada por estroma fibrovascular moderado, e formação de cordões e rosetas, com células dispostas em paliçadas ao redor de estruturas luminais (rosetas de Flexner-Wintersteiner), sugestivo de meduloepitelioma. O perfil imunohistoquímico também foi realizado, confirmando o diagnóstico. As células neoplásicas foram imunomarcadas para vimentina, proteína S100 (S100) e neuro enolase específica (NSE), mas não para pan citoqueratina (AE1AE3), proteína glial fibrilar ácida (GFAP) e citoqueratina 8/18 (CK8 / 18). Após cinco meses da realização do procedimento cirúrgico o animal apresentava-se saudável, sem recidiva ou evidência de metástase.(AU)

Eye-related neoplasms in dogs: A retrospective study / Neoplasias relacionadas con los ojos en perros: Estudio retrospectivo / Neoplasias relacionadas aos olhos em cães: Estudo retrospectivo

Abstract Background: Eye-related neoplasms in dogs have a significant impact on visual ability, comfort, and longevity. Therapeutic alternatives and prognosis vary according to type of neoplasm and its anatomical location. Objective: To describe the frequency and distribution of eye-related neoplasms affecting dogs in the Aburrá valley (Antioquia province, Colombia). Methods: A retrospective collection of eye-related neoplasms in dogs, diagnosed at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia), was conducted. Data spanning from years 2005 to 2017 were used. Records included age, sex, breed, neoplasm type and location, and cellular origin of neoplasm. A total of 250 eye-related-neoplasm reports affecting 246 dogs were analyzed -one report per animal, with the exception of four animals with both eyes simultaneously affected by the same type of neoplasm. Results: Animals between 8 and 11 years of age were more frequently affected by eye-related neoplasms (43.9%). Labrador retriever (19.1%), mixed-breed dogs (13.4%), and Poodle (12.2%) were the most frequently affected breeds. Neoplasms affected the eyelid in 76.8% of cases. Meibomian gland adenoma was the most frequent neoplasm (22.8%), followed by Meibomian gland epithelioma (20.0%), squamous cell carcinoma (8.8%), and melanocytoma (7.2%). The cellular origin of neoplasms was epithelial in 73.6% of the cases. Conclusion: Meibomian gland adenoma was the most common eye-related neoplasm. To our knowledge, this is the first retrospective report aimed to eye-related neoplasms in dogs published in Colombia.

Resumen Antecedentes: Las neoplasias relacionadas con los ojos en perros tienen un impacto significativo en la capacidad visual, la comodidad y la longevidad del animal. Las opciones terapéuticas y el pronóstico para el perro y para el tejido afectado varían según el tipo de neoplasia y su ubicación anatómica. Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia y distribución de neoplasias relacionadas con los ojos en perros del Valle de Aburrá (Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia). Métodos: Se realizó una evaluación retrospectiva de neoplasias relacionadas con los ojos en perros, diagnosticadas en el laboratorio de patología animal de la Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia). Los registros incluyeron información de 13 años (2005-2017). Los datos recolectados incluyeron edad, sexo, raza, tipo de tumor y ubicación, y origen celular de la neoplasia. Resultados: Se analizó un total de 250 reportes de neoplasias relacionadas con los ojos, afectando 246 perros (un reporte por animal, excepto cuatro animales en los que ambos ojos fueron afectados simultáneamente por el mismo tipo de neoplasia. Los animales entre 8 y 11 años de edad fueron los más frecuentemente afectados por neoplasias relacionadas con los ojos (43,9%). Las razas Labrador retriever (19,1%), perros mestizos (13,4%) y Poodle (12,2%) fueron las más frecuentemente afectadas. Las neoplasias afectaron el párpado en el 76,8% de los casos. El adenoma de la glándula de Meibomio fue la neoplasia más frecuente (22,8%), seguida por el epitelioma de la glándula de Meibomio (20,0%), el carcinoma de células escamosas (8,8%) y el melanocitoma (7,2%). El origen celular de las neoplasias fue epitelial en el 73,6% de los casos. Conclusión: Se encontró que el adenoma de la glándula de Meibomio es la neoplasia ocular más común. Hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer reporte retrospectivo dirigido específicamente a neoplasias relacionadas con ojos en perros publicado en Colombia.

Resumo Antecedentes: As neoplasias relacionadas aos olhos em cães são importantes porque têm um impacto significativo na capacidade visual, conforto e longevidade do animal. As opções terapêuticas e o prognóstico para o cão e para o tecido afetado variam de acordo com o tipo de neoplasia e sua localização anatômica. Objetivo: Descrever a frequência e distribuição das neoplasias relacionadas aos olhos em cães do Valle de Aburrá (Estado de Antioquia, Colômbia). Métodos: Foi realizada uma coleta retrospectiva de neoplasias relacionadas aos olhos em cães diagnosticados no laboratório de patologia animal da Universidade de Antioquia (Colômbia). Os registros coletaram informações de 13 anos (2005-2017). Os dados coletados incluíram idade, sexo, raça, tipo de tumor e localização e origem celular da neoplasia. Resultados: Um total de 250 relatos de neoplasias relacionadas aos olhos foram analisados, afetando 246 cães (um relatório por animal, com exceção de quatro animais, em que ambos os olhos foram afetados simultaneamente para o mesmo tipo de neoplasia relacionada aos olhos). Animais entre 8 e 11 anos foram mais acometidos por neoplasias relacionadas aos olhos (43,9%). As raças Labrador retriever (19,1%), mestiças (13,4%) e Poodle (12,2%) foram as raças mais afetadas. Neoplasias afetaram a pálpebra em 76,8% dos casos. Adenoma da glândula Meibomiana foi a neoplasia mais frequente (22,8%), seguido por epitelioma glândula Meibomiana (20,0%), carcinoma de células escamosas (8,8%) e melanocitoma (7,2%). A origem celular das neoplasias foi epitelial em 73,6% dos casos. Conclusão: Este estudo constatou que o adenoma da glândula Meibomiana é a neoplasia ocular mais comum. Para nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro relato retrospectivo especificamente voltado para as neoplasias relacionadas aos olhos em cães publicados até o momento na Colômbia.

Caracterização clínica e histopatológica de bulbos oculares de cães e gatos (2005-2015) / Clinical and histopathologic characterization of ocular bulbs in dogs and cats (2005-2015)

Objetivou-se realizar a caracterização clínica e histopatológica de bulbos oculares de cães e gatos, removidos cirurgicamente por indicação clínica, no período entre 2005-2015. Foram realizados 101 procedimentos de remoção do bulbo ocular, 93 enucleações (92%) e 8 exenterações (8%). Os procedimentos foram realizados em 80 cães, (79% dos casos) e em 21 gatos (21% dos casos). Os cães submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica apresentavam perfurações oculares (n=31, 39%), glaucoma (n=19, 24%), protrusão ocular (n=13, 16%), diagnósticos sugestivos de neoplasia (n=10, 12,5%) e outros (n=3, 2,97%). Dentre os gatos os diagnósticos clínicos compreenderam perfuração ocular (n=9, 49%), glaucoma (n=3, 14,2%), microftalmia (n=3, 14,2%), sugestivo de neoplasia (n=2, 9,5%), protrusão ocular (n=2, 9,5%) e outros (n=2, 9,5%). Vinte e sete amostras de bulbos oculares foram submetidas para avaliação histopatológica, sendo 23 provenientes de cães e quatro de gatos. Dentre as amostras de origem canina, sete exibiram achados histopatológicos compatíveis com glaucoma, sete perfurações oculares, seis neoplasias intraoculares, duas panoftalmites e um quadro de Phthisis bulbi. Nos bulbos oculares de gatos foram diagnosticadas duas neoplasias intraoculares, uma microftalmia e uma perfuração ocular. Constatou-se que o glaucoma secundário, as neoplasias e as perfurações oculares estão entre as principais causas de enucleação em cães, e associadas a alterações primárias como a ceratoconjuntivite seca e as uveítes. Estas afecções, diferentemente das neoplasias, podem ter êxito terapêutico mediante diagnóstico e tratamento precoces, prevenindo a cegueira e a remoção do bulbo ocular.(AU)

This study aimed to carry out the clinical and histopathologic characterization of ocular bulbs from dogs and cats, surgical removed as clinical indication between 2005-2015. Hundred-one procedures were performed, 93 enucleations (92%) and 8 exenterantions (8%). The procedures were performed on 80 dogs (79% of cases) and 21 cats (21% of cases). The dogs underwent to surgery had ocular perfuration (n=31, 39%), glaucoma (n=19, 24%), ocular protrusion (n=13, 16%), diagnosis suggestive of neoplasia (n=10, 12, 5%) and other (n=3, 2.97%). Among the clinical diagnosis cats comprise ocular perforation (n=9, 49%), glaucoma (n=3, 14.2%), microphthalmia (n=3, 14.2%), suggestive of neoplasia (n=2, 9.5%), ocular protrusion (n=2, 9.5%) and other (n=2, 9.5%). Twenty-seven samples of ocular bulbs were sent for histopathologic evaluation in Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, being 23 from dogs and four cats. Among the samples of dogs, seven exhibited histopathologic findings compatible with glaucoma, seven ocular perforations, six had intraocular neoplasias, two panoftalmites and condition of Phthisis bulbi. The ocular bulbs of cats received the diagnosis of two intraocular neoplasias, one microphthalmia and ocular perforation. It was found that the secondary glaucoma and ocular perforations are among the leading causes of enucleation in dogs, and associated with primary disorders such as keratoconjunctivitis sicca and uveitis. These disorders, unlike neoplasia, may have therapeutic success through early diagnosis and treatment, preventing blindness and removal of the eyeball.(AU)

Caracterização clínica e histopatológica de bulbos oculares de cães e gatos (2005-2015) / Clinical and histopathologic characterization of ocular bulbs in dogs and cats (2005-2015)

Objetivou-se realizar a caracterização clínica e histopatológica de bulbos oculares de cães e gatos, removidos cirurgicamente por indicação clínica, no período entre 2005-2015. Foram realizados 101 procedimentos de remoção do bulbo ocular, 93 enucleações (92%) e 8 exenterações (8%). Os procedimentos foram realizados em 80 cães, (79% dos casos) e em 21 gatos (21% dos casos). Os cães submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica apresentavam perfurações oculares (n=31, 39%), glaucoma (n=19, 24%), protrusão ocular (n=13, 16%), diagnósticos sugestivos de neoplasia (n=10, 12,5%) e outros (n=3, 2,97%). Dentre os gatos os diagnósticos clínicos compreenderam perfuração ocular (n=9, 49%), glaucoma (n=3, 14,2%), microftalmia (n=3, 14,2%), sugestivo de neoplasia (n=2, 9,5%), protrusão ocular (n=2, 9,5%) e outros (n=2, 9,5%). Vinte e sete amostras de bulbos oculares foram submetidas para avaliação histopatológica, sendo 23 provenientes de cães e quatro de gatos. Dentre as amostras de origem canina, sete exibiram achados histopatológicos compatíveis com glaucoma, sete perfurações oculares, seis neoplasias intraoculares, duas panoftalmites e um quadro de Phthisis bulbi. Nos bulbos oculares de gatos foram diagnosticadas duas neoplasias intraoculares, uma microftalmia e uma perfuração ocular. Constatou-se que o glaucoma secundário, as neoplasias e as perfurações oculares estão entre as principais causas de enucleação em cães, e associadas a alterações primárias como a ceratoconjuntivite seca e as uveítes. Estas afecções, diferentemente das neoplasias, podem ter êxito terapêutico mediante diagnóstico e tratamento precoces, prevenindo a cegueira e a remoção do bulbo ocular.(AU)

This study aimed to carry out the clinical and histopathologic characterization of ocular bulbs from dogs and cats, surgical removed as clinical indication between 2005-2015. Hundred-one procedures were performed, 93 enucleations (92%) and 8 exenterantions (8%). The procedures were performed on 80 dogs (79% of cases) and 21 cats (21% of cases). The dogs underwent to surgery had ocular perfuration (n=31, 39%), glaucoma (n=19, 24%), ocular protrusion (n=13, 16%), diagnosis suggestive of neoplasia (n=10, 12, 5%) and other (n=3, 2.97%). Among the clinical diagnosis cats comprise ocular perforation (n=9, 49%), glaucoma (n=3, 14.2%), microphthalmia (n=3, 14.2%), suggestive of neoplasia (n=2, 9.5%), ocular protrusion (n=2, 9.5%) and other (n=2, 9.5%). Twenty-seven samples of ocular bulbs were sent for histopathologic evaluation in Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, being 23 from dogs and four cats. Among the samples of dogs, seven exhibited histopathologic findings compatible with glaucoma, seven ocular perforations, six had intraocular neoplasias, two panoftalmites and condition of Phthisis bulbi. The ocular bulbs of cats received the diagnosis of two intraocular neoplasias, one microphthalmia and ocular perforation. It was found that the secondary glaucoma and ocular perforations are among the leading causes of enucleation in dogs, and associated with primary disorders such as keratoconjunctivitis sicca and uveitis. These disorders, unlike neoplasia, may have therapeutic success through early diagnosis and treatment, preventing blindness and removal of the eyeball.(AU)

Squamous cell carcinoma in third eyelid of cat / Carcinoma de células escamosas em terceira pálpebra de felino

Background: The third eyelid neoplasms are uncommon in cats. The squamous cell carcinoma are easily found in head and neck of same species, although is unusual in eye region. The more common localization is eyelid and eyeball, being 60 and 15%, respectively. It could be diagnosed by citology, histopathology, imunohistochemistry and molecular biology. The surgery is more effective treatment, because the tumor can be totally removed and it must available surgical margin. The aim of this study was to report a case of squamous cell carcinoma in third eyelid of a cat and show how it was treated with radical surgery.Case: A 11-year-old spayed female domestic short-haired white and black colored cat was presented for evaluation at Maria Dias Teixeira Hospital of Amazonia Federal Rural University (UFRA), of an red ocular mass fast growth in the left eye for 2 months. Physical exam was within normal limits. The animal presented discomfort on the region, when it was manipulated. The mass was ulcerated and blood-tinged ocular discharge, had 3.3 x 2 cm, beginning on third eyelid and overlay all the eyeball. Blood was collated to make exams. Complete blood count and serum chemistry profiles were within normal ranges, but leukocytes were increased and it was treated with Amoxicillin (22 mg/kg). It was performed biopsy to histopathology and immunohistochemistry diagnose, and radiography and [...](AU)

Squamous cell carcinoma in third eyelid of cat / Carcinoma de células escamosas em terceira pálpebra de felino

Background: The third eyelid neoplasms are uncommon in cats. The squamous cell carcinoma are easily found in head and neck of same species, although is unusual in eye region. The more common localization is eyelid and eyeball, being 60 and 15%, respectively. It could be diagnosed by citology, histopathology, imunohistochemistry and molecular biology. The surgery is more effective treatment, because the tumor can be totally removed and it must available surgical margin. The aim of this study was to report a case of squamous cell carcinoma in third eyelid of a cat and show how it was treated with radical surgery.Case: A 11-year-old spayed female domestic short-haired white and black colored cat was presented for evaluation at Maria Dias Teixeira Hospital of Amazonia Federal Rural University (UFRA), of an red ocular mass fast growth in the left eye for 2 months. Physical exam was within normal limits. The animal presented discomfort on the region, when it was manipulated. The mass was ulcerated and blood-tinged ocular discharge, had 3.3 x 2 cm, beginning on third eyelid and overlay all the eyeball. Blood was collated to make exams. Complete blood count and serum chemistry profiles were within normal ranges, but leukocytes were increased and it was treated with Amoxicillin (22 mg/kg). It was performed biopsy to histopathology and immunohistochemistry diagnose, and radiography and [...]

Maxillary squamous cell carcinoma with retrobulbar metastasis in dog / Carcinoma de células escamosas maxilar com metástase retrobulbar em cão

Background: The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common cancer in the oral epithelium of dogs and rarely involves the retrobulbar area. The diagnosis is confirmed with cytological and histopathological exam. Faced with the unusual occurrence of retrobulbar tumors in dogs, we report a case of SCC in the left maxilla, with ipsilateral retrobulbar metastasis, and also highlight clinical aspects of the neoplasia, exams, early diagnosis and therapeutic possibilities.Case: A male dog, 17 years old, with a history of visual loss, enlargement of left eye and prostration after 25 days of a dental treatment. The patient had exophthalmia of the left eye with mild lateral deviation, meibomitis, lagophthalmos, moderate conjunctival hyperemia and episcleral congestion, protrusion of the third eyelid, epiphora, moderate purulent discharge, paracentral corneal degeneration, absence of pupillary reflex to light (direct and consensual) and presence of immature cataract. The Schirmer test and intraocular pressure were normal, as well as complete blood count and biochemical profile. Due to the testy temperament of the animal, the intraoral examination was limited to two-thirds of the jaw in the first appointment. Ocular vitreous ultrasound was performed showing moderate amount of membranous and punctate echoes, as well as medium-high reflectivity were present in all meridians...

O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) é considerado a segunda neoplasia oral não odontogênica, maligna, mais frequente em cães [6] e raramente acomete a região retrobulbar nesta espécie [3,11]. Neoplasias retrobulbares têm representatividade de 4% quando comparadas as de outras estruturas oculares [2] e em 74% das vezes, representam metástases [8].Diante da ocorrência incomum de neoplasias na região retrobulbar em cães, objetivou-se relatar o caso de CCE na maxila esquerda, com metástase retrobulbar ipsilateral, não obstante, ressaltar importantes aspectos da neoplasia que auxiliem no rápido diagnóstico e na escolha terapêutica...

Maxillary squamous cell carcinoma with retrobulbar metastasis in dog / Carcinoma de células escamosas maxilar com metástase retrobulbar em cão

Background: The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common cancer in the oral epithelium of dogs and rarely involves the retrobulbar area. The diagnosis is confirmed with cytological and histopathological exam. Faced with the unusual occurrence of retrobulbar tumors in dogs, we report a case of SCC in the left maxilla, with ipsilateral retrobulbar metastasis, and also highlight clinical aspects of the neoplasia, exams, early diagnosis and therapeutic possibilities.Case: A male dog, 17 years old, with a history of visual loss, enlargement of left eye and prostration after 25 days of a dental treatment. The patient had exophthalmia of the left eye with mild lateral deviation, meibomitis, lagophthalmos, moderate conjunctival hyperemia and episcleral congestion, protrusion of the third eyelid, epiphora, moderate purulent discharge, paracentral corneal degeneration, absence of pupillary reflex to light (direct and consensual) and presence of immature cataract. The Schirmer test and intraocular pressure were normal, as well as complete blood count and biochemical profile. Due to the testy temperament of the animal, the intraoral examination was limited to two-thirds of the jaw in the first appointment. Ocular vitreous ultrasound was performed showing moderate amount of membranous and punctate echoes, as well as medium-high reflectivity were present in all meridians...(AU)

O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) é considerado a segunda neoplasia oral não odontogênica, maligna, mais frequente em cães [6] e raramente acomete a região retrobulbar nesta espécie [3,11]. Neoplasias retrobulbares têm representatividade de 4% quando comparadas as de outras estruturas oculares [2] e em 74% das vezes, representam metástases [8].Diante da ocorrência incomum de neoplasias na região retrobulbar em cães, objetivou-se relatar o caso de CCE na maxila esquerda, com metástase retrobulbar ipsilateral, não obstante, ressaltar importantes aspectos da neoplasia que auxiliem no rápido diagnóstico e na escolha terapêutica...(AU)

Meduloepitelioma teratoide maligno intraocular em cão – relato de caso / Malignant intraocular teratoid medulloepithelioma in a dog – a case report / Meduloepitelioma teratoide maligno intraocular en un perro – reporte de caso

Muitos tumores intraoculares são reportados nos animais, porém o meduloepitelioma teratoide maligno é um tumor intraocular originário do epitélio medular primitivo, raro tanto nos animais quanto em seres humanos. Sua presença ocorre geralmente na infância; entretanto, alguns trabalhos têm relatado seu aparecimento em idosos. Seu crescimento é lento, e sua invasão local agressiva, porém seu caráter metastático é baixo. O presente artigo relata um caso de meduloepitelioma teratoide maligno em um cão sem raça definida, macho, de doze anos, com histórico de glaucoma buftálmico, tratado com terapia medicamentosa havia cinco anos, que retornou com a presença de uma massa intraocular. Após a enucleação, o material foi encaminhado para exame histopatológico e posterior imuno-histoquímica para confirmação do diagnóstico. Após um ano o animal encontra-se bem e sem recorrências de metástase.

Although there are several intraocular tumors reported in animals, the malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma is an intraocular tumor which originates from the primitive medullary epithelium and it is rare both in animals and humans. This tumor usually occurs during childhood; nonetheless, some reports have shown its occurrence in the elderly. This tumor development is slow and it is locally aggressive, but its metastatic character is low. This article describes the case of a malignant intraocular medulloepithelioma in a twelve-year-old male stray dog with a history of buphthalmic glaucoma, which had been treated medically five years before, and returned with an intraocular mass. After enucleation, the material was sent to histopatological examination and subsequent immunohistochemistry to confirm the diagnosis. A year after the procedure the animal is healthy and there are no metastases.

Existe una gran cantidad de tumores intraoculares en animales. El meduloepitelioma teratoide maligno representa un tipo de tumor intraocular originado en el epitelio medular primitivo, de rara presentación tanto en animales como en seres humanos. Suele aparecer generalmente en la infancia, aunque hay algunos trabajos relatando su presentación en ancianos. Su crecimiento es lento y es agresivo localmente, aunque posee baja capacidad de metástasis. Este trabajo relata un caso de meduloepitelioma teratoide maligno en un perro mestizo, macho de doce años, con una historia de glaucoma y buftalmia, que había sido tratado con medicamentos cinco años antes. Este paciente retornó para consulta presentando una masa intra ocular. Después de realizarse la enucleación, fueron enviadas muestras para examen histopatológico e inmunohistoquímica, donde se confirmó el diagnóstico del tumor. Un año después el animal se encuentra en buenas condiciones y sin presencia de metástasis.

Meduloepitelioma teratoide maligno intraocular em cão relato de caso / Malignant intraocular teratoid medulloepithelioma in a dog a case report / Meduloepitelioma teratoide maligno intraocular en un perro reporte de caso

Muitos tumores intraoculares são reportados nos animais, porém o meduloepitelioma teratoide maligno é um tumor intraocular originário do epitélio medular primitivo, raro tanto nos animais quanto em seres humanos. Sua presença ocorre geralmente na infância; entretanto, alguns trabalhos têm relatado seu aparecimento em idosos. Seu crescimento é lento, e sua invasão local agressiva, porém seu caráter metastático é baixo. O presente artigo relata um caso de meduloepitelioma teratoide maligno em um cão sem raça definida, macho, de doze anos, com histórico de glaucoma buftálmico, tratado com terapia medicamentosa havia cinco anos, que retornou com a presença de uma massa intraocular. Após a enucleação, o material foi encaminhado para exame histopatológico e posterior imuno-histoquímica para confirmação do diagnóstico. Após um ano o animal encontra-se bem e sem recorrências de metástase.(AU)

Although there are several intraocular tumors reported in animals, the malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma is an intraocular tumor which originates from the primitive medullary epithelium and it is rare both in animals and humans. This tumor usually occurs during childhood; nonetheless, some reports have shown its occurrence in the elderly. This tumor development is slow and it is locally aggressive, but its metastatic character is low. This article describes the case of a malignant intraocular medulloepithelioma in a twelve-year-old male stray dog with a history of buphthalmic glaucoma, which had been treated medically five years before, and returned with an intraocular mass. After enucleation, the material was sent to histopatological examination and subsequent immunohistochemistry to confirm the diagnosis. A year after the procedure the animal is healthy and there are no metastases.(AU)

Existe una gran cantidad de tumores intraoculares en animales. El meduloepitelioma teratoide maligno representa un tipo de tumor intraocular originado en el epitelio medular primitivo, de rara presentación tanto en animales como en seres humanos. Suele aparecer generalmente en la infancia, aunque hay algunos trabajos relatando su presentación en ancianos. Su crecimiento es lento y es agresivo localmente, aunque posee baja capacidad de metástasis. Este trabajo relata un caso de meduloepitelioma teratoide maligno en un perro mestizo, macho de doce años, con una historia de glaucoma y buftalmia, que había sido tratado con medicamentos cinco años antes. Este paciente retornó para consulta presentando una masa intra ocular. Después de realizarse la enucleación, fueron enviadas muestras para examen histopatológico e inmunohistoquímica, donde se confirmó el diagnóstico del tumor. Un año después el animal se encuentra en buenas condiciones y sin presencia de metástasis.(AU)

Choroidal metastasis as the first sign of bronchioloalveolar lung cancer: case report / Metástase coroidal como primeira manifestação de carcinoma bronquioloalveolar: relato de caso

Metastatic tumors are the most common intraocular malignances and choroid is by far the most common site. Breast and lung cancer are the first cause in women and men respectively. We report the case of a 71-year old woman who had choroidal tumor in her left eye. Further image body scans demonstrated several lesions in both sides of the lungs with dissemination to other organs. Diagnosis of a brochioloalveolar carcinoma established after a biopsy carried out. The patient died before initiating a proper treatment.

Tumor metastático é a neoplasia ocular mais frequente, e a coroide é o local mais comum desta. Tumor de mama seguido de tumor pulmonar são as causas mais comuns de metástases oculares em mulheres e homens, respectivamente. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 71 anos com tumor coroidal no olho esquerdo. Posteriormente, estudos de imagem mostraram lesões pulmonares em ambos os pulmões e disseminação a outros órgãos. O diagnóstico de carcinoma bronquioloalveolar foi feito por biópsia. A paciente foi a óbito antes de se iniciar tratamento adequado.

Corneal squamous cell carcinoma in a dog

Background:  :  :  Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a neoplastic disease of the squamous epithelial cells that has been rarely described in the literature. This neoplasm affects the eyelid, conjunctiva and third eyelid, as well as the cornea. Corneal SCC is a neoplastic lesion characterized by a pink, typically irregular mass protruding from the epithelial surface of the cornea. Canine corneal SCC has been associated with chronic keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or keratitis secondary to exophthalmia and is common in humans, horses and cows. The treatment is surgical with excision of the lesion of the ocular surface. This paper reported a study of a dog with corneal SCC, which was successfully treated with a superficial lamellar keratectomy excision combined with cryosurgery. Case: An 8-year-old male English bulldog was presented for the evaluation of a red mass on its left eye that had progressively grown over a 1-year period. The mass was approximately 6mm in diameter and it was elevated from 3 to 4 mm above the corneal surface with no expansion onto bulbar conjunctiva. At physical examination it was normal except for the ocular disease. A complete blood cell count and serum chemical profiles were unremarkable. The radiographic evaluation did not demonstrate any evidence of metastasis. The mass was excised by a superficial lamellar keratectomy and the surgical bed was frozen with

Corneal squamous cell carcinoma in a dog

Background:  :  :  Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a neoplastic disease of the squamous epithelial cells that has been rarely described in the literature. This neoplasm affects the eyelid, conjunctiva and third eyelid, as well as the cornea. Corneal SCC is a neoplastic lesion characterized by a pink, typically irregular mass protruding from the epithelial surface of the cornea. Canine corneal SCC has been associated with chronic keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or keratitis secondary to exophthalmia and is common in humans, horses and cows. The treatment is surgical with excision of the lesion of the ocular surface. This paper reported a study of a dog with corneal SCC, which was successfully treated with a superficial lamellar keratectomy excision combined with cryosurgery. Case: An 8-year-old male English bulldog was presented for the evaluation of a red mass on its left eye that had progressively grown over a 1-year period. The mass was approximately 6mm in diameter and it was elevated from 3 to 4 mm above the corneal surface with no expansion onto bulbar conjunctiva. At physical examination it was normal except for the ocular disease. A complete blood cell count and serum chemical profiles were unremarkable. The radiographic evaluation did not demonstrate any evidence of metastasis. The mass was excised by a superficial lamellar keratectomy and the surgical bed was frozen with

Corneal squamous cell carcinoma in a dog

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a neoplastic disease of the squamous epithelial cells that has been rarely described in the literature. This neoplasm affects the eyelid, conjunctiva and third eyelid, as well as the cornea. Corneal SCC is a neoplastic lesion characterized by a pink, typically irregular mass protruding from the epithelial surface of the cornea. Canine corneal SCC has been associated with chronic keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or keratitis secondary to exophthalmia and is common in humans, horses and cows. The treatment is surgical with excision of the lesion of the ocular surface. This paper reported a study of a dog with corneal SCC, which was successfully treated with a superficial lamellar keratectomy excision combined with cryosurgery.(AU)