Exploring Synergistic Mechanism of Processing with Vinegar on Olibanum in Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis Based on Intestinal Flora / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the improving effects and its synergistic mechanism of Olibanum before and after processing with vinegar on glycodesoxycholic acid（GDCA） intervention in mice with ulcerative colitis（UC） based on the perspective of intestinal flora. MethodC57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into the normal group， model group， GDCA group， Olibanum group（1.5 g·kg-1） and vinegar-processed Olibanum（1.5 g·kg-1） group， with 6 mice in each group. Mice in the normal group drank water freely， and mice in the other groups were given 2% dextran sulfate sodium（DSS） periodically to establish a UC mouse model. During the modeling， GDCA group， Olibanum group and vinegar-processed Olibanum group were intervened by intraperitoneally injection of GDCA（0.05 g·kg-1）. From the 13th day after modeling， Olibanum group and vinegar-processed Olibanum group were given the corresponding doses of drugs by gavage， once a day， for 36 d. During this period， the body mass of mice was recorded and the disease activity index（DAI） was assessed. On day 48， faeces were collected for 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing to analyse changes in intestinal flora. On the 49th day， hematoxylin-eosion（HE） staining was used to observe the colon histological lesions， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to determine serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）， interleukin（IL）-1β and IL-6， and Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between differential bacterial species and inflammatory factor levels. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed a significant decrease in body weight（P<0.01）， a significant increase in DAI（P<0.05）， and a significant increase in TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6 levels（P<0.01）， and there was partial infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colon. Compared with the model group， mice in the GDCA group showed a significant decrease in body weight， a significant increase in DAI and levels of TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6（P<0.01）， and severe disruption of colonic crypt structure， extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells， and a significant decrease in goblet cells. Compared with the GDCA group， both the Olibanum and vinegar-processed Olibanum groups showed a significant recovery in body weight， a significant decrease in DAI and levels of TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-1β（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the modulating effect of vinegar-processed Olibanum was significantly better than that of Olibanum. Alpha diversity showed that Chao1 index of UC mice significantly increased（P<0.01） and Shannon index decreased significantly（P<0.05） in UC mice after GDCA intervention. Beta diversity showed that the microbial community structure of the 5 groups had significant changes， Olibanum and vinegar-processed Olibanum could modulate the changes in the structure of the intestinal flora in UC mice after GDCA intervention. Microbial sequencing results indicated that， compared with the normal group， the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the model group was significantly higher（P<0.05）， and the relative abundance of 3 genera and 5 species of flora changed significantly（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the GDCA group was significantly higher（P<0.05）， the relative abundance of 7 pathogenic bacterial genera and four species was significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the relative abundance of three beneficial bacterial genera and Bacteroides_intestinalis was significantly decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Olibanum group and vinegar-processed Olibanum group could modulate the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio， the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria and beneficial bacteria， and the vinegar-processed Olibanum group was significantly superior to Olibanum group in terms of modulating the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio， the relative abundance of the three genera and five species of bacteria（P<0.01， P<0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of Bacteroides_intestinalis was negatively correlated with the levels of TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-1β， the relative abundance of Prevotella_sp_CAG873， Bacteroides_sp_CAG927， Bacteroidales_bacterium_52_46 and Bacteroidales_bacterium was positively correlated with TNF-α， IL-6 and IL-1β levels. ConclusionGDCA can exacerbate UC colonic inflammation， and Olibanum and vinegar-processed Olibanum have an ameliorative effect on GDCA-mediated UC， with the vinegar-processed Olibanum showing a stronger ameliorative effect， the mechanism may be related to the regulation the abundance and structure of intestinal beneficial and pathogenic bacteria， and the reduction of inflammatory factor levels.

[Material basis and mechanism of Curcuma longa tuberous roots with and without vinegar processing in treating primary dysmenorrhea].

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the chemical components in Curcuma longa tuberous roots(HSYJ), C. longa tuberous roots processed with vinegar(CHSYJ), and rat serum after the administration. The active components of HSYJ and CHSYJ absorbed in serum were identified based on the secondary spectrum of database and literature. The targets of primary dysmenorrhea was screened out from database. The protein-protein interaction network analysis, gene ontology(GO) functional annotation, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed for the common targets shared by the drug active components in serum and primary dysmenorrhea, and the component-target-pathway network was constructed. AutoDock was used to conduct molecular docking between the core components and targets. A total of 44 chemical components were identified from HSYJ and CHSYJ, including 18 absorbed in serum. On the basis of network pharmacology, we identified 8 core components(including procurcumenol, isobutyl p-hydroxybenzoate, ferulic acid, and zedoarondiol) and 10 core targets \[including interleukin-6(IL-6), estrogen receptor 1(ESR1), and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2)\]. The core targets were mainly distributed in the heart, liver, uterus, and smooth muscle. The molecular docking results showed that the core components were well bound to the core targets, indicating that HSYJ and CHSYJ may exert therapeutic effect on primary dysmenorrhea via estrogen, ovarian steroidogenesis, tumor necrosis factor(TNF), hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1), IL-17 and other signaling pathways. This study clarifies the HSYJ and CHSYJ components absorbed in serum, as well as the corresponding mechanism, providing a reference for further elucidating the therapeutic material basis and clinical application of HSYJ and CHSYJ.

Material basis and mechanism of Curcuma longa tuberous roots with and without vinegar processing in treating primary dysmenorrhea / 中国中药杂志

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the chemical components in Curcuma longa tuberous roots(HSYJ), C. longa tuberous roots processed with vinegar(CHSYJ), and rat serum after the administration. The active components of HSYJ and CHSYJ absorbed in serum were identified based on the secondary spectrum of database and literature. The targets of primary dysmenorrhea was screened out from database. The protein-protein interaction network analysis, gene ontology(GO) functional annotation, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed for the common targets shared by the drug active components in serum and primary dysmenorrhea, and the component-target-pathway network was constructed. AutoDock was used to conduct molecular docking between the core components and targets. A total of 44 chemical components were identified from HSYJ and CHSYJ, including 18 absorbed in serum. On the basis of network pharmacology, we identified 8 core components(including procurcumenol, isobutyl p-hydroxybenzoate, ferulic acid, and zedoarondiol) and 10 core targets \[including interleukin-6(IL-6), estrogen receptor 1(ESR1), and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2)\]. The core targets were mainly distributed in the heart, liver, uterus, and smooth muscle. The molecular docking results showed that the core components were well bound to the core targets, indicating that HSYJ and CHSYJ may exert therapeutic effect on primary dysmenorrhea via estrogen, ovarian steroidogenesis, tumor necrosis factor(TNF), hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1), IL-17 and other signaling pathways. This study clarifies the HSYJ and CHSYJ components absorbed in serum, as well as the corresponding mechanism, providing a reference for further elucidating the therapeutic material basis and clinical application of HSYJ and CHSYJ.

[Simulated processing with vinegar changes chemical structures of main terpenoids in Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix].

This study aims to explore the chemical structure transformation mechanisms of the main terpenoids in the effective fraction of Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix(EER) during the processing with vinegar. The terpenoids including ent-11α-hydroxyabicta-8(14),13(15)-dien-16,12-olide(HAO), jolkinolide B(JNB), fischeria A(FA), and eupractenoid A(EA) were heated at 160 ℃ with 6% acetic acid for 40 min, and then LC-MS/MS was employed to analyze the structural transformation rules of the terpenoids. Further, we analyzed the changes in the relative content of the four compounds and their transformation products in raw and vinegar processed EER to verify the transformation rules during the simulated processing with vinegar. In addition, JNB and FA were processed with single heating, heating with water or heating with acetic acid. We then employed HPLC to compare the content of these two terpenoids and their transformation products before and after processing, so as to investigate the effect of different processing methods on chemical structure transformation. The results showed that the lactone ring of the abietane-type diterpenoids HAO and JNB and the norditerpene lactone FA were opened by heating with acetic acid. When there were hydroxyl groups in the structures, terpenoids were esterized to esters and oxidized to form carbonyl groups. When there was epoxy ring in the structures, ring opening reaction was easy to occur. During the heating with acetic acid, the heterodimeric diterpenoid EA underwent the cleavage of ether bond to produce the rosane-type diterpenoid euphebracteolatin A(EHTA) and another abietane-type diterpenoid. The changes in the relative content of terpenoids and their transformation products in raw and vinegar-processed EER were basically consistent with those of simulated processing of components with vinegar. The HPLC results revealed that the effect of different simulated processing methods on structural transformation varied. Heating with acid can change JNB and FA into new components. Heating with water can also promote the structural transformation, with the efficiency obviously lower than that of heating with acid. Direct heating had no influence on the structure of JNB, while it significantly reduced the relative content of FA. The components treated with direct heating did not produce the products like those of the heating with acid. These results indicated that vinegar plays a key role in the structural transformation of diterpenoids during the processing of EER with vinegar. The structural transformation of diterpenoids in EER during the processing with vinegar may be the material basis for vinegar processed EER to reduce toxicity and preserve effect.

[UFLC-Q-TOF-MS fingerprints of rhizome of Curcuma phaeocaulis and its vinegar processed products and inhibitory effect on thrombosis].

Both raw and vinegar products of the rhizome of Curcuma phaeocaulis are common drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in traditional Chinese medicine,which could be reflected in the inhibition of tail thrombosis in mice. As the traditional processing theory instructs,vinegar tastes sour and bitter,but can activate blood circulation and remove stasis after being infiltrated into the rhizome of C. phaeocaulis as an excipient. In this study,under the help of the ultrafast liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-offlight mass spectrometry( UFLC-Q-TOF-MS),the spectrum-effect relationship between the inhibition of tail thrombosis in mice and the rhizome of C. phaeocaulis both before and after the vinegar processing,were established to explore the functional changes of blood circulation and stasis after vinegar process. Based on the peak area from the fingerprint of UFLC-Q-TOF-MS of the alcohol extracts from the raw and vinegar-processed rhizome of C. phaeocaulis and their efficacy for inhibiting tail thrombosis,the correlation between the chromatography of UFLC-Q-TOF-MS and the inhibition of tail thrombosis in mice were analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis( OPLS-DA) method. The results,produced by Simca-P software,showed that effective components consisted of eight peaks 16,24( aromadendrene oxide),3,11,22( dehydro-α-curcumene),19[( R)-(-)-α-curcumene],23 and 10 from the fingerprint,making great contribution to distinguish C. phaeocaulis raw products and the corresponding vinegar processed products. Therefore,from the perspective of inhibiting the formation of tail thrombosis in mice,the marker components could be found through the spectrum-effect relationship to distinguish C.phaeocaulis raw and vinegar products. This study provided new basis to explain the difference between the raw and the processed products of traditional Chinese medicine in the functional change of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.

UFLC-Q-TOF-MS fingerprints of rhizome of Curcuma phaeocaulis and its vinegar processed products and inhibitory effect on thrombosis / 中国中药杂志

Both raw and vinegar products of the rhizome of Curcuma phaeocaulis are common drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in traditional Chinese medicine,which could be reflected in the inhibition of tail thrombosis in mice. As the traditional processing theory instructs,vinegar tastes sour and bitter,but can activate blood circulation and remove stasis after being infiltrated into the rhizome of C. phaeocaulis as an excipient. In this study,under the help of the ultrafast liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-offlight mass spectrometry( UFLC-Q-TOF-MS),the spectrum-effect relationship between the inhibition of tail thrombosis in mice and the rhizome of C. phaeocaulis both before and after the vinegar processing,were established to explore the functional changes of blood circulation and stasis after vinegar process. Based on the peak area from the fingerprint of UFLC-Q-TOF-MS of the alcohol extracts from the raw and vinegar-processed rhizome of C. phaeocaulis and their efficacy for inhibiting tail thrombosis,the correlation between the chromatography of UFLC-Q-TOF-MS and the inhibition of tail thrombosis in mice were analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis( OPLS-DA) method. The results,produced by Simca-P software,showed that effective components consisted of eight peaks 16,24( aromadendrene oxide),3,11,22( dehydro-α-curcumene),19[( R)-(-)-α-curcumene],23 and 10 from the fingerprint,making great contribution to distinguish C. phaeocaulis raw products and the corresponding vinegar processed products. Therefore,from the perspective of inhibiting the formation of tail thrombosis in mice,the marker components could be found through the spectrum-effect relationship to distinguish C.phaeocaulis raw and vinegar products. This study provided new basis to explain the difference between the raw and the processed products of traditional Chinese medicine in the functional change of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.

Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish Embryos of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix Before and After Processing with Vinegar / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Taking zebrafish embryos as research model, to investigate the toxic effect of different polar fractions of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix before and after processing with vinegar on heart. Method:Zebrafish embryos with normal development at 12 h after fertilization were treated with petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix before and after processing with vinegar for observation of cardiac development and function at 72 h. Result:Various polar fractions of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix before and after processing with vinegar had the cardiotoxicity on zebrafish embryos in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the cardiotoxicity of different polar fractions was followed by petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. The cardiotoxicity was mainly manifested as slow cardiac development, pericardial edema, decrease of heart rate and apoptosis of cardiac cells. Compared with the corresponding polar fraction of raw products, the cardiotoxicity of the same polar fraction of vinegar-processed products with similar doses decreased. Conclusion:Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix has cardiotoxicity to zebrafish embryos and the cardiotoxicity is reduced after processing with vinegar, which can provide some experimental basis for further elucidation of the detoxication mechanism of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix processed with vinegar.

Comparation of intestine absorption kinetics of volatile oil of Sichuan genuine herb Curcuma phaeocaulis before and after vinegar processing in rats / 中草药

Objective: To Compare the difference of the intestinal absorption kinetics of volatile oil of Sichuan genuine herb Curcuma phaeocaulis before and after vinegar processing. Methods: Rat model of systemic intestinal perfusion were established and were divided into four groups including volatile oil of C. phaeocaulis group, volatile oil of C. phaeocaulis processed with vinegar group, volatile oil of C. phaeocaulis added with curcuminoids group and volatile oil of C. phaeocaulis processed with vinegar added with curcuminoids group to investigate the absorption of effective constituents of germacrone and furanodiene in the intestinal segements, and calculate the absorption rate constant (Ka), absorption half-life (t1/2), and absorption rate per unit time (P). Results: The results showed that the absorption degree and Ka value of volatile oil of C. phaeocaulis after vinegar processing was less than that before vinegar processing. The degree and Ka value of volatile oil after addition of curcuminoids was less than that before compatibility. Conclusion: C. phaeocaulis after processing with vinegar could alleviate drug property through delaying the absorption of volatile oil to stabilize the blood concentration, with view to meeting the need of clinical safety ad effectivity.

Effect of Processing with Vinegar on Hepatorenal Toxicity of Dichloromethane Site of Genkwa Flos / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To campare the hepatotoxicity on BRL and nephrotoxicity on NRK caused by dichloromethane site of Genkwa Flos before and after being processed with vinegar. Method:BRL of normal hepatocytes and NRK of normal renal cells in rats were selected as the subjects.Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide method(MTT) was adopted to evaluate the effect of dichloromethane sites of raw and vinegar-processed products on cell activity of NRK and BRL.The levels or contents of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),glutathione(GSH),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were determined in cell culture supernatant and splitting supernatant for evaluation of their oxidative damage effect. Result:Compared with the blank group,dichloromethane site of raw products could obviously inhibit the cell activity of NRK and BRL,and increase the levels of AST,ALT,ALP and LDH(PPPPConclusion:Processing with vinegar can attenuate the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity on NRK and BRL caused by dichloromethane site of Genkwa Flos,it can improve hepatic and renal function and antioxidant capacity.

Advances of modern research on processing theory of Chinese materia medica / 中草药

There is abundant processing theory in the system of traditional Chinese medicine. The deep excavation and research of that is conducive to promoting the development of science of Chinese materia medica (CMM), ensuring the quality of CMM prepared in ready-to-use forms and promoting the clinical rational use of drugs. Based on the current research status of CMM processing theory, using the representative drugs as the object, modern pharmacological research as a guide, the contents of the relevant studies of “raw and cooked different use” theory, “carbonic herbs for hemostasis” theory and theory of auxiliary material action were elaborated. The review provided reference for the further research on traditional processing theory and also provided a scientific basis for the clinical rational use of processed products of CMM.

[Acute toxicity of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and vinegar-processing Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix on zebrafish embryo].

The embryos of model organism zebrafish were used to evaluate the acute toxicity of the extracts of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and vinegar-processing Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix, and the total terpene content of each extract was determined by using euphol as the reference standards. Twenty-four h normally developed zebrafish embryos were chosen, and 8 concentrations were adopted for each extract. Then the growth and death of zebrafish embryos were observed at 96 h after administration, and median lethal concentrations (LC50) of the different samples on zebrafish embryos were calculated. The results showed that all of the extracts (before and after vinegar processing) had acute toxicity on zebrafish embryos. The toxicity of vinegar-processing Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix was significantly lower than that of crude Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix. Among different extraction methods, ethanol extract was more poisonous than water extract; in different polarity fractions, the toxicity was in the following order: petroleum ether>dichloromethane>ethyl acetate>n-butyl alcohol and remaining part. Combined with the results of the determination of terpene components, it can be concluded that the terpenoids are the main toxic components of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix, positively correlated with toxicity degree. It indicates that the zebrafish embryo model is appropriate for the toxicity evaluation of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and provides appropriate research methods and theoretical basis for the further study of the toxic components and the mechanism of reducing toxicity.

Effects of Vinegar Fructus Schisandrae Sphenantherae on Lipid Metabolism in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and processed with vinegar on lipid metabolism of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The rat model of T2DM was induced by high fat diet plus STZ. The rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus high-dose group and low-dose group, and vinegar Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus high-dose group and low- dose group. The rats in each group were fed with the corresponding medicine for gavage for 30 d. FINS, FFA, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and MDH, total protein content of liver tissue were detected. HE staining was used to observe the histomorphological changes of liver and pancreas in rats. Results Compared with the model group, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus groups and vinegar Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus groups did not show obvious effects on improving FBG and FINS, but it could raise varying degrees of HDL-C and MDH, and reduce FFA, LDL-C, TC, and TG, among which vinegar Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus could significantly regulate metabolism in T2DM rats. Conclusion Vinegar Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus can enhance the lipid metabolism regulatory function of T2DM rats.

Research on changes of chemical components in Sichuan authentic herbs of Curcuma Phaeocaulis processed with rice vinegar and decocted by detecting based on dynamic variation of pH value / 中草药

Objective: To determine the dynamic variation of pH value and seven components including bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, curcumin, curdione, curcumol, germacrone and β-elemene during Curcuma Phaeocaulis' processing, in order to study its curcuminoids and volatile oils components in the process of rice vinegar production affected by external factors such as water, heat, and acid. Methods: C. phaeocaulis were processed by using distilled water, 9° rice vinegar, and 9% acetic acid aqueous. The pH value of the decoction at a specific time point in 10 batches was detected. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. The content of seven components in the samples of the raw crude group, the blank group, the vinegar group, and the reference group were determined by HPLC method, and the change of the content was analyzed. Results: Compared with the blank group, the vinegar group and reference group showed low pH value, and there was no significant difference; Compared with the blank group and reference group, the contents of three curcuminoids in the vinegar group increased [the mass fraction of bisdemethoxycurcumin is (0.002 320 ± 0.000 344) mg/g, the mass fraction of demethoxycurcumin is (0.059 65 ± 0.015 64) mg/g, the mass fraction of curcumin is (0.272 5 ± 0.125 2) mg/g], and the contents of volatile oils decreased in different degrees. Conclusion: During the processing progress, the main active constituents of pharmaceutic adjuvant 9° rice vinegar might be acetic acid; The acetic acid and other organic principles of rice vinegar might protect the chemical constituents in C. phaeocaulis by regulating pH value; The toxicity degree of C. phaeocaulis before and after processing with vinegar was regulated by different protecting degrees of different component. It not only reflects the scientificity of 9° rice vinegar as a pharmaceutic adjuvant, but also offers a new method to study the material basis of C. phaeocaulis processing with rice vinegar.

Acute toxicity of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and vinegar-processing Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix on zebrafish embryo / 中国中药杂志

The embryos of model organism zebrafish were used to evaluate the acute toxicity of the extracts of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and vinegar-processing Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix, and the total terpene content of each extract was determined by using euphol as the reference standards. Twenty-four h normally developed zebrafish embryos were chosen, and 8 concentrations were adopted for each extract. Then the growth and death of zebrafish embryos were observed at 96 h after administration, and median lethal concentrations (LC50) of the different samples on zebrafish embryos were calculated. The results showed that all of the extracts (before and after vinegar processing) had acute toxicity on zebrafish embryos. The toxicity of vinegar-processing Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix was significantly lower than that of crude Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix. Among different extraction methods, ethanol extract was more poisonous than water extract; in different polarity fractions, the toxicity was in the following order: petroleum ether>dichloromethane>ethyl acetate>n-butyl alcohol and remaining part. Combined with the results of the determination of terpene components, it can be concluded that the terpenoids are the main toxic components of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix, positively correlated with toxicity degree. It indicates that the zebrafish embryo model is appropriate for the toxicity evaluation of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix and provides appropriate research methods and theoretical basis for the further study of the toxic components and the mechanism of reducing toxicity.

[Analysis on transfer rate change of heavy metal in decoction and precipitation of Curcuma phaeocaulis before and after processing with vinegar based on ICP-MS].

Chinese herbs are mostly used to make decoction, which would form precipitation after standing for cooling and abandoned by patients. Processing with vinegar can change the property of the herbal pieces, such as the transfer rate of heavy metal into decoction. To analyze the transfer rate change of heavy metal in the decoction and precipitation of Curcuma phaeocaulis before and after processing with vinegar, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to establish the determination method on five heavy metals in C. phaeocaulis, including Copper (Cu), arsenic (As), chromium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), using microwave to digest the samples, indium (In) as the internal standard, and national level standard material tea leaves GBW10016 (GSB-7 tea) as the quality control standard material. Then, the content of five heavy metals in the herbal pieces, decoction and five heavy metals of 6 representative batches of C. phaeocaulis and their vinegar-processing products was determinated. After computation, the transfer rates of heavy metals in the decoction and precipitation of C. phaeocaulis Val. before and after the processing with vinegar were obtained. The results showed that, after the processing with vinegar, total transfer rate of Pb and Hg was decreased significantly; total transfer rate of Cd and Cu was slightly decreased; total transfer rate of As was slightly increased, however heavy metals in all the precipitation were decreased. The results indicated that processing with vinegar had certain influence on heavy metal transfer rate, with certain synergistic and attenuated effect.

Analysis on transfer rate change of heavy metal in decoction and precipitation of Curcuma phaeocaulis before and after processing with vinegar based on ICP-MS / 中国中药杂志

Chinese herbs are mostly used to make decoction, which would form precipitation after standing for cooling and abandoned by patients. Processing with vinegar can change the property of the herbal pieces, such as the transfer rate of heavy metal into decoction. To analyze the transfer rate change of heavy metal in the decoction and precipitation of Curcuma phaeocaulis before and after processing with vinegar, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to establish the determination method on five heavy metals in C. phaeocaulis, including Copper (Cu), arsenic (As), chromium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), using microwave to digest the samples, indium (In) as the internal standard, and national level standard material tea leaves GBW10016 (GSB-7 tea) as the quality control standard material. Then, the content of five heavy metals in the herbal pieces, decoction and five heavy metals of 6 representative batches of C. phaeocaulis and their vinegar-processing products was determinated. After computation, the transfer rates of heavy metals in the decoction and precipitation of C. phaeocaulis Val. before and after the processing with vinegar were obtained. The results showed that, after the processing with vinegar, total transfer rate of Pb and Hg was decreased significantly; total transfer rate of Cd and Cu was slightly decreased; total transfer rate of As was slightly increased, however heavy metals in all the precipitation were decreased. The results indicated that processing with vinegar had certain influence on heavy metal transfer rate, with certain synergistic and attenuated effect.

Determination of the volatile oil from processed products of Rhizoma Curcumae by GC-MS / 中成药

Objective:To explore the effect of processing on the contents of chemical components of the volatile oil of Rhizoma Curcumae. Methods: The volatile oil was extracted from Rhizoma Curcumae by steam distillation. The components were identified by GC MS. The amount of the components from the volatile oil were determinated by normalization method. The separated components were analyzed.Results: The volatile oil contents were different in two processed samples of Rhizoma Curcumae. Two new constituents, 4 isopropyl benzoic acid and 2 methyl 5(l methylvinyl) cyclohexanone, were produced after processing. 20 components composed of about 80% of the total volatile oil were separated and identified. Conclusions: The content of volatile oil and chemical composition decreased a bit by mix fry with vinegar and steam with vinegar.