What influences dental students' attitudes regarding the treatment of older adults? A scoping review.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the literature to evaluate dental students' attitudes regarding the treatment of older adults. METHODS: A scoping review was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses/PRISMA guidelines to identify articles from four electronic databases: MEDLINE via the PubMed interface, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and AgeLine. Gray literature searches were also performed in Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses-Health and Medicine. RESULTS: Eleven articles were assessed. The majority (72, 72%) were published between 2011 and 2020, evidencing various contexts of dental students, such as different countries and cultures, and levels of education. The most commonly used tool/instrument to survey dental students' attitudes was the Aging Semantic Differential Scale. Student age, race, and marital status did not seem to interfere with dental students' attitudes regarding the treatment of older adults. CONCLUSIONS: Dental students tend to have a positive attitude toward older people. In this context, female students, students who interact with older people, and clinical students have more positive attitudes than male and nonclinical students.

Presence of management, entrepreneurship, leadership and marketing topics in the dental school curriculum in Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: To analyse the presence and characteristics of curricular components related to management, entrepreneurship, leadership and marketing as part of the structure and teaching methods of undergraduate courses in dentistry in Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an observational study that used the Ministry of Education's Undergraduate Course Accreditation Platform, which included 424 undergraduate courses in Dentistry on the last date of collection (August 31 2019). The following items were analysed as follows: the existence of curricular components in relation to the proposed themes, the most recurring denominations of curricular components, minimum and maximum workload, mandatory/optional classification, theoretical/practical teaching condition and in which year the curricular components were inserted. RESULTS: 367/424 (86.6%) of dentistry courses in Brazil included at least one of the topics: management, entrepreneurship, leadership and marketing curricular components in their curriculum, whilst 57/424 (13.4%) did not have these curricular components in their curricular structure. The most frequent names were "Management" 99 (45.21%) and "Entrepreneurship" 80 (36.5%). There was a predominance of the "theoretical method" and the number of hours varied considerably, with the most common course hours between 40 and 60 h. The majority of curricular components were inserted in the third to fifth year and offered on a compulsory basis. CONCLUSION: Most curricular matrices of dentistry courses in Brazil had components related to the topics studied. However, due to the variety of curricular components' names, hours, periods of courses and different teaching methodologies, there is a need to redesign the teaching and learning process, defining educational and evaluation models with common curricular components.

The best mirror of the students' longitudinal performance: Portfolio or structured oral exam assessment at clerkship?

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the strength of association (i.e., explained variability) of the cumulative grade point average (GPA) with the grades obtained in the clerkship portfolio and the final structured oral exam by dental students. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was designed to analyze quantitative data from three cohorts of dental school students. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were built to evaluate the association between the students' cumulative GPA with the grades obtained in their clerkship portfolio and the final structured oral exam. RESULTS: In total, 171 students in the last year of the undergraduate program were considered (76% women, age average 24.8 ± 1.6 years). The dental students' grades of both portfolio and structured oral exam were significantly associated with the GPA score but with different strengths of association. The clerkship portfolio was more strongly associated with cumulative GPA than the structured oral exam (R2  = 19.6% versus R2  = 7.6%). On the opposite, the association between the structured oral exam and GPA can be interpreted as a lower precision in its practical significance and thus reflecting different concurrent validity. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the results of this study, it could probably incline the balance toward the portfolio because it may be closer to a programmatic assessment model, with timely feedback, development of metacognition, and the achievement of formative process measurement rather than evidence of a single instance of examination.

Tobacco Use, Attitudes, Knowledge, and Perception About Smoking Cessation Counseling Among Brazilian Dental Students: a Cross-Sectional Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tobacco use, exposure to secondhand smoke, and knowledge and perception about smoking cessation counseling among dental students in Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed at the School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil. The Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) research instrument was used. In the second half of 2017, students from the 5th to the 10th semester were recruited to answer the anonymous and self-administered survey in classrooms. The data were tabulated and analyzed, and information about the variables was presented using descriptive statistics. The association between the variables was determined through the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Two hundred and twenty-four students answered the survey. More than 40% of the students had tried cigarettes at least once and 8.9% were current smokers. About 28% of the participants reported having been exposed to secondhand smoke in their home and 57.1% in other environments. Most students recognized that they are role models for society and believed they should receive training in smoking cessation counseling. However, only 12.5% of the students reported having received some formal training in this subject. In conclusion, although dental students are aware of the harmful effects of tobacco, there is still a lack of training in smoking prevention and control among these future professionals.

Gerontología en la formación de pre grado del odontólogo del siglo XXI / Gerontology in the pre doctoral academic training at the 21th century

RESUMEN: La gerontología es la ciencia que trata de la vejez y los fenómenos que la caracterizan. Se aboca al estudio científico del proceso de envejecimiento y abarca la esfera social, psicológica y biológica. El fenómeno actual del envejecimiento de la población mundial, denominado "transición demográfica", ha puesto al quehacer de la gerontología en acuciante actualidad. Dentro de su marco conceptual, en el ámbito de la ciencia médica, surge la geriatría, especialidad que se ocupa no sólo de la prevención y asistencia de las enfermedades que presentan las personas mayores, sino también de su recuperación funcional y de su reinserción en la comunidad. En Chile, sin constituirse en una especialidad propiamente tal, la llamada "odontogeriatría" vendría a ser el equivalente de geriatría en odontología. Sin embargo, creemos que gerodontología sería más pertinente puesto que apreciamos en ésta, una visión cultural derivada de la gerontología que va allende los aspectos procedimentales propios de la odontología. Pretendemos fundamentar esta afirmación, analizando la experiencia internacional, contrastándola con la situación que se verifica en Chile, reiterando la imperiosa necesidad de comenzar desde la formación de pre grado del futuro odontólogo con la entrega de insumos gerodontológicos teóricos y clínicos, para intentar aportar de modo propositivo y no efectista, en el diseño de políticas públicas actualizadas.

SUMMARY: Gerontology is the science studying ageing and the phenomena that characterize it. It deals with the scientific approach of this process encompassing the social, psychological and biological fields. The current phenomenon of the ageing of the world population, so called "demographic transition" has put the gerontological issue in pressing today. Within its conceptual frame and in the sphere of medical sciences emerges Geriatrics, specialty covering not only prevention and care of older people diseases, but also addressing its functional recovery and reintegration into the community. In Chile, not yet a specialty, geriatric dentistry would be its equivalent regarding odontology. However, we believe that there is a conceptual difference regarding gerodontology since we appreciate its scope goes far beyond the procedural aspects of dentistry. We will make our statement, analyzing evidence from international educational experiences, as well as contrasting with the situation that occurs in Chile, altogether stressing the urgent need to start from the undergraduate curriculum of future dentists through the delivery of theoretical input and clinical gerodontologic training, in order to collaborate in a proactive way in the design of updated public policies according to the nowadays challenges.

La seguridad del paciente en la formación del estudiante de odontología / Patient safety in undergraduate dental education

La presente comunicación se propone compartir con la comunidad educativa odontológica la importancia de la decisión y los fundamentos de incluir la enseñanza de los conceptos sobre seguridad del paciente en la formación de grado del futuro odontólogo (AU)

The purpose of this communication is to share with the dentistry educating community the importance of the decision and the fundamental for the inclusion of "patient safety" concepts in the undergraduate dental education curriculum (AU)

Sistema rotatorio protaper: un modelo educativo en la enseñanza de grado / Protaper rotary system: an educational model in predoctoral teaching

Objetivos: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar el nivel de eventos (estiramiento/fractura) en el instumental rotatorio endodonticode niquel- titanio después del uso en Practicas Preclínicas de Grado en dientes ex vivos y tacos de acrílico Materiales y métodos: Seseleccionaron alumnos de grado de la materia Endodoncia de cuatro comisiones (n= 60) que en las pruebas de apropiación deconocimientos y destrezas, superaron el valor de 7/10. A cada alumno se le entregó un kit de ProTaper Universal, nuevo para larealización de dos prácticas: 1° en tacos de acrílicos simuladores de piezas dentarias y 2° en una pieza unirradicular extraída de bajacomplejidad. Se evaluaron las series de limas S1, S2, F1, F2 y F3 en cada población. Se realizó una lectura macro de cada instrumentocon lupa 4X, efectuada por un operador entrenado. Previamente, se realizó en el unaevaluación de los instrumentos sin uso y luego de los estirados o fracturados. Para el análisis de eventos producidos en cada serie de limas seutilizó el Test de Chi cuadrado de homogeneidad con niveles de significación de p= 0,05 (sofware estadístico Infostat) Resultados: No seencontraron diferencias significativas entre las distribuciones de los eventos en dientes y en taco. (Test de Chi2 p=0.0957). En el primeruso, de un total de 300 instrumentos utilizados, 6 sufrieron un evento, siendo en el segundo uso de 270, 12 sufrieron un evento. Para cadainstrumento, las diferencias no resultaron estadísticamente significativas (p valor de Irwin Fisher) S1 p=0.29, S2 p=0.10, F1 p=0.33,F2 p=0.81, F3 p=0.81. Observamos la frecuencia de eventos por instrumento, surgiendo que son más frecuentes los eventos con F1 y F2que con los restantes instrumentos...

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the behavior (events: stretching/fracture) of Ni-Ti rotatory Endodontic instruments afterthe utilization in preclinical practice, either ex vivo teeth or acrilic dowels. Materials and methods: undergraduate Endodontic studentsbelonging to four different courses with higher califications (more than 7/10) have been selected (n = 60). Each student has been deliveredwith a brand new ProTaper Universal Kit with the purpose of carrying out two endodontic practices, 1° in acrilics dowels, simulating ateeth and, 2° in a natural low complexity single rooted teeth. The series of files S1, S2, F1, F2 y F3 were assessed in each population. Amacro observation with a 4x magnified lens was performed by a qualified operator. Previously, a MEB observation had been performed onthe brand new instruments and in the post-use stretched or fractured instruments. The Chi square test of homogenity with significancelevels of p = 0.05 have been utilized for the analysis of the events (Infostat Estatistical Software). Results: No significant differences hasbeen found between the event distributions (Teeth/Acrilics dowels) (Test Chi2 p = 0,0957). A total of 300 files used for first time, 6suffered some kind of event, while in the second, a total of 270 files, 12 suffered some kind of event (stretching/fracture). The differenceswere not statistically significant on each file (p = Irwin Fisher value) S1 p=0.29, S2 p=0.10, F1 p=0.33, F2 p=0.81, F3 p=0.81.The event for each instrument has been detected to be more frequent with files F1 and F2 than with other files...