A study of the delayed linear expansion of a dental stone type IV

Na presente pesquisa, foi verificada a expansäo do gesso tipo IV quando da adiçäo de água, de gesso tipo II, de gesso tipo III e de tipo IV. Os incrementos, tanto de água quanto de gessos, foram feitos nos tempos de 10, 30 e 90 minutos após a espatulaçäo do gesso de base (tipo IV). Todos os incrementos causaram aumento na expansäo normal de presa (ENP), alcançando valores como 300 por cento e 400 por cento, sendo que esses valores eram independentes do tempo para o incremento

Methods for mitigating soft-tissue injury after subcutaneous injection of water soluble contrast media.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Water soluble contrast media may cause tissue injury by extravasation during intravenous injection during various radiologic examinations. The authors attempted to find out what kind of management could mitigate tissue injury when extravasation of water soluble contrast media occurs. METHODS: Sodium and meglumine ioxithalamate was injected subcutaneously into 240 hind feet of 120 rats that were divided into six groups according to the methods of experimental management. Experimental managements included the following: no further management (control), injection of distilled water, injection of normal saline, injection of hydrocortisone, hot water application, and cold water application. Gross morphologic changes in each group were compared with those in the control group. RESULTS: Only the saline injection group showed statistically significant decrease of tissue injury compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Saline injection lessens the degree of soft-tissue injury at contrast media extravasation sites in rats.

Hydration and occlusion treatment for hypertrophic scars and keloids.

In 31 patients with hypertrophic scars or keloids, a side by side test was carried out to check the efficacy of an occlusive dressing technique using cream which did not contain silicone oil, versus a simple application of vaseline, used as a control. In all cases, the cream treated areas of scar and keloid demonstrated a remarkable improvement over that of the vaseline treated area. These findings strongly suggest that the mechanisms of hydration and occlusion are the main basis of the therapeutic action of this method in treating hypertrophic scars and keloids.

Hydrofluoric acid dermal burns. An assessment of treatment efficacy using an experimental pig model.

There currently exist various opinions concerning the best therapy for managing hydrogen fluoride (HF) dermal burns. Previously reported animal studies designed to evaluate the efficacy of certain therapies are not completely convincing. Studies initially were conducted to develop a reliable animal model for assessing efficacy of treatment. Evaluation of several animal species, dosing regimens (HF concentrations, exposure periods), and application techniques showed that the most consistent and reproducible dermal lesions were produced with 38% HF applied to the skin of anesthetized pigs for exposures of 9, 12, or 15 minutes using Hill Top Chamber patches. Using this model, the efficacy of six clinically applicable treatments was assessed by subjectively scoring and statistically analyzing photographic and histopathological data obtained from treated and untreated control lesions. Photographic data analysis ranked treatments with respect to effectiveness as follows: iced Zephiran and 10% calcium acetate soaks--highly effective; 2.5% calcium gluconate gel, 5.0% calcium gluconate injection and iced Hyamine soaks--effective; 10% calcium gluconate injection--ineffective. Histopathological data analysis showed the topical treatments (2.5% calcium gluconate gel, iced Hyamine, or iced Zephiran soaks) to be most effective in reducing superficial epidermal damage, and the 5% calcium gluconate injection or 10% calcium acetate soaks to be beneficial to deeper tissues of the dermis and subdermis. Injection of 10% calcium gluconate was ineffective. This study suggests that the anesthetized pig model has good applicability for assessing efficacy of HF dermal burn therapies. In addition, it indicates that further experimentation with 10% calcium acetate soaks is warranted.

Comparison between sterile saline and tap water for the cleaning of acute traumatic soft tissue wounds.

OBJECTIVE: To find out if there were any differences in infection rates if acute traumatic soft tissue wounds were cleaned with tap water instead of sterile saline. DESIGN: Randomised study. SETTING: Emergency department at one city hospital. SUBJECTS: 705 consecutive patient with soft tissue wounds less than six hours old that did not penetrate a viscus, cavity, or joint and could be treated by primary suture. INTERVENTIONS: Randomly allocated to have the wound cleaned with either sterile saline or tap water in addition to debridement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Rate of wound infection, the presence of which was indicated by pus in the wound and prolonged healing. RESULTS: The infection rate in wounds cleaned with sterile saline was 10.3% compared with 5.4% in wounds cleaned with tap water (p less than 0.05). Infected wounds were significantly larger than uninfected ones (p less than 0.05) and more likely to be located on a lower extremity (p less than 0.05). There were no microbiological differences between the two groups, and no bacterial species grown from tap water was subsequently grown from an infected wound. CONCLUSION: Sterile saline should be replaced by tap water for the cleaning of acute traumatic superficial soft tissue wounds.

[Therapeutic use of the method of water immersion in a patient with ascites in uncompensated cirrhosis of the liver]. / Wykorzystanie terapeutyczne metody immersji wodnej u chorej z wodobrzuszem w przebiegu niewyrównanej marskosci watroby.

Water immersion was used as the treatment method in a patient with ascites caused by liver cirrhosis resistant to therapy. Application of water immersion caused only a short improvement; it was probably connected with the shortterm natriuretic effect. The joint effect of a diuretics and of the water immersion was beneficial.

The effect of sterile water blocks on low back labor pain.

To evaluate the analgesic effect of intradermal sterile water blocks, 272 women in labor complaining of severe low back pain were randomly assigned to treatment with either sterile water or saline solution blocks. Pain intensity was assessed on a visual analog scale, before the blocks were given and again 1 and 2 hours later. The groups were equal with regard to age, parity, fetal size, progression of labor, and initial pain scoring. Pain scoring 1 and 2 hours after the blocks were given showed a significantly higher degree of analgesia in the sterile water group. No adverse effects were noted, and patient acceptability was high.

DG-6: su empleo como solución irrigadora en endodoncia / DG-6: its use as an irrigant solution in endodontics

La irrigación, maniobra importante durante el tratamiento de los conductos radiculares es empleada antes, durante y después de la instrumentación; esta solución no deberá producir daños periapicales y más bien favorecer al cierre biológico apical. Más de 10 años de experiencia en el empleo del DG-6 (detergente sintético) nos permite afirmar que con su empleo se podrá faciliar ampliamente la biomecánica obteniendo resultados altamente satisfactorios

Treatment of neck and shoulder pain in whip-lash syndrome patients with intracutaneous sterile water injections.

Ten whip-lash syndrome patients treated with intracutaneous triggerpoint injections with sterile water for pain relief were followed for 2 months. Pain intensity was evaluated with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Eight patients became free from pain (VAS 0) and two patients improved to VAS 2 immediately after the treatment. Nine patients remained free from pain, three of them after one treatment, while six patients needed 2-4 treatments. One patient responded only a few hours after each of three treatments. Remarkably, with the relief of pain mobility was normalised in all patients. The method is suggested to be a first choice in the treatment of not only whip-lash patients but also for most acute and chronic musculo-skeletal triggerpoint pain syndromes.

Foot soaks for callosities and fissures.

A study to assess the effect of soap soaks and plain water soaks on the dry anaesthetic sole of 15 leprosy patients bearing multiple fissures and callouses is reported. A callous scraper devised by us was found effective. It is recommended that a hypotonic keratolytic solution such as toilet soap or plain water be used for soaking which has the effect of softening the keratin. It may be better to use soap solution for this purpose.

Scald accidents during water aerosol inhalation in infants.

A study of 193 infants admitted for burns over a 4-year period revealed 11 infants (5.7 per cent) had sustained scalds during the process of water aerosol inhalation. The water aerosol inhalation therapy was prescribed for respiratory tract infection and carried out at home using either an electric kettle or a saucepan. It appears that infants are prone to this type of injury because of the difficulty of keeping them still during therapy and their inquisitiveness to explore their surroundings. The resulting scalds added to the morbidity of those children already suffering from respiratory tract infections. These accidents can easily be prevented by the alternative use of a humidifier.

Mast cell tumor destruction by deionized water.

In a controlled study, malignant murine P815 mastocytoma cells exposed in vitro to distilled and deionized water died as a result of progressive swelling, degranulation, and membrane rupture. A 90% mean cell death occurred when cells obtained directly from culture were exposed to deionized water for 2 minutes. Of 6 cryopreserved malignant murine cell lines, which included Cloudman S91 melanoma, CMT-93 rectum carcinoma, MMT-06052 mammary carcinoma, and S-180 Sarcoma, only P815 mastocytoma and YAC-1 lymphoma were significantly (P less than 0.05) affected by hypotonic shock; Cloudman S91 melanoma cells were the most resistant. Mastocytoma cells were selectively killed by hypotonic solution, and lymphoma cells were also killed by isotonic saline solution. Local mast cell tumor (MCT) recurrence and percentage survival were evaluated in 12 cats (21 MCT) and 54 dogs (85 MCT) subjected to surgery alone or local infiltration of deionized water as an adjunct to surgery. Of all 16 incompletely excised MCT in cats, there was no local recurrence following injection. Four mast cell tumors (2 cats) regressed after being injected in situ. In dogs with clinical stage-I MCT, local recurrence was detected in 50% (5/10), but with injection after incomplete excision, local MCT recurrence was significantly (P less than 0.05) less (6.6%, 1/15). Percentage recurrence was significantly (P less than 0.05) less and survival significantly greater when incompletely excised grade-II MCT were injected. Mean follow-up period after surgery in cats and dogs was 35 and 23.4 months, respectively.

Changes in plasma volume during hypohydration and rehydration in subjects from the tropics.

Plasma volume (PV) at different levels of hypohydration was determined using radio-iodinated serum albumin-125 in 28 heat acclimated male volunteers in hot dry condition in a climatic chamber. The heat acclimated subjects were hypohydrated to varying degrees i.e. 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% body mass deficit by moderate work in hot conditions in a climatic chamber maintained at 45 degrees C dry bulb temperature and 30% relative humidity. A rehydration study was carried out in only those subjects who were hypohydrated to 3% and 4% body mass and they were brought back to a 2% level of hypohydration by giving a calculated amount of water. A significant decrease in PV was observed at 3% and 4% hypohydration only. The magnitude of the decrease was the same in both the groups and not related to the level of hypohydration. With partial rehydration in the 3% hypohydrated group PV was restored fully, while in the 4% hypohydrated group restoration was incomplete, indicating that at this hypohydration level some of the replenished water that entered in plasma may have moved to the intracellular compartment which may have contributed more at 4% hypohydration. It is suggested that with higher levels of thermal hypohydration significant reduction in the intracellular compartment may result in accentuated physiological strain during work in the heat.

Tratamiento de la taquicardía paróxistica supraventricular por inmersión de la cara en agua helada: experiencia de 10 casos en edad pediátrica / Treatment of supraventricular paroxistic tachycardia with inmersion of face in ice water: an experience of la cases in pediatric age

Se presentan 10 caso de TPS en edad pediátrica, la mitad lactantes de un mes o menos de vida a quienes se sometió a la maniobra de inmersión de la cara en agua helada (IFAH), con resultados altamente positivos. Se detallan las circunstancias clínicas de aparición y se destaca la ausencia de cardiopatía asociada en todos los casos. El Síndrome de pre-excitación de o W-p-W, se constató en forma evidente, después de la taquicardia en 3 de los 10 casos, proporción concordante con otras experiencias publicadas. Se concluye que esta es una maniobra de eleccción y segura para el tratamiento de la TPS en edad pediátrica, especialmente en niños de 6 meses o 1 año de vida

Tratamiento de la taquicardía paróxistica supraventricular por inmersión de la cara en agua helada: experiencia de 10 casos en edad pediátrica / Treatment of supraventricular paroxistic tachycardia with inmersion of face in ice water: an experience of la cases in pediatric age

Se presentan 10 caso de TPS en edad pediátrica, la mitad lactantes de un mes o menos de vida a quienes se sometió a la maniobra de inmersión de la cara en agua helada (IFAH), con resultados altamente positivos. Se detallan las circunstancias clínicas de aparición y se destaca la ausencia de cardiopatía asociada en todos los casos. El Síndrome de pre-excitación de o W-p-W, se constató en forma evidente, después de la taquicardia en 3 de los 10 casos, proporción concordante con otras experiencias publicadas. Se concluye que esta es una maniobra de eleccción y segura para el tratamiento de la TPS en edad pediátrica, especialmente en niños de 6 meses o 1 año de vida (AU)

[Antispasmodic effect of warm water administered in aerosols or parenteral injections]. / Effets antispasmodiques d'une eau thermale administrée en aérosols et en injections parentérales.

The aerosol of thermal water given just before the administration of spasmogenic substances did not prevent the histamine or acetylcholine induced bronchospasm. After a daily parenteral dose of thermal water during 21 days, a systemic delay of the bronchospasm induced by both mediators was observed. With arsenic pretreatment the delay in onset of bronchospasm was shorter.