Endovascular therapeutic options for the treatment of aortoiliac aneurysms / Opções terapêuticas endovasculares para o tratamento dos aneurismas aortoilíacos

ABSTRACT About 20% of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms have associated iliac aneurysms. Distal sealing during the endovascular treatment of aortic-iliac aneurysms is a challenge that has led to the emergence of several technical options to achieve this goal over the years. Internal iliac artery embolization is associated with the risk of ischemic complications, such as gluteal necrosis, lower limb neurological deficit, colonic ischemia, impotence and gluteal claudication. This article summarizes the technical options for endovascular treatment of aortoiliac aneurysms with different approaches to preserving the patency of internal iliac arteries.

RESUMO Cerca de 20% dos pacientes com aneurismas de aorta abdominal apresentam aneurismas ilíacos associados. A obtenção do selamento distal, durante o tratamento endovascular dos aneurismas aortoilíacos, constitui-se em um desafio que suscitou, ao longo dos anos, o surgimento de diversas opções técnicas para alcançar esse objetivo. A embolização da artéria ilíaca interna é associada ao risco de desenvolvimento de complicações isquêmicas, tais como: necrose glútea, déficit neurológico dos membros inferiores, isquemia colônica, impotência e claudicação glútea. Esse artigo resume as opções técnicas de tratamento endovascular dos aneurismas aortoilíacos com diferentes formas de abordagem de preservação da perviedade das artérias ilíacas internas.

Endovascular therapeutic options for the treatment of aortoiliac aneurysms.

About 20% of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms have associated iliac aneurysms. Distal sealing during the endovascular treatment of aortic-iliac aneurysms is a challenge that has led to the emergence of several technical options to achieve this goal over the years. Internal iliac artery embolization is associated with the risk of ischemic complications, such as gluteal necrosis, lower limb neurological deficit, colonic ischemia, impotence and gluteal claudication. This article summarizes the technical options for endovascular treatment of aortoiliac aneurysms with different approaches to preserving the patency of internal iliac arteries.

EVAR utilizando Nellix, la endoprótesis con sellamiento en el saco / EVAR using the Nellix sa-sealing endoprosthesis

La endoprótesis Nellix es un nuevo dispositivo endoluminal diseñado para tratar los aneurismas aorto-ilíacos, sellando el saco del aneurisma, eliminando así la endofuga mientras se mantiene el flujo normal de las extremidades inferiores. Se compone de dos conductos dilatables por balón,cada uno rodeado por una endobolsa, que se llena in situ con un polímero. Cada conducto soporta la luz del flujo sanguíneo a través del saco del aneurisma hacia las arterias ilíacas. La endobolsa con polímero se mantiene alrededor de la luz y llena el saco del aneurisma, bloqueando el flujoretrógrado de las ramas laterales, anclando el dispositivo en el saco del aneurisma sin necesidad de fijación proximal y distal; además provee estabilidad posicional. Por lo tanto, este dispositivo puede ser utilizado para tratar no sólo los pacientes con cuello aórtico y anatomía ilíaca estándar,sino también en aquellos con anatomías adversas. Se presenta la primera experiencia clínica de Nellix en 34 pacientes durante el período 2008-2010. Los resultados auguran un buen futuro y la pronta aprobación por la Comunidad Europea.

A endoprótese Nellix é um novo dispositivo endoluminal desenhado para tratar os aneurismas aorto-ilíacos, fechando completamente a bolsa de aneurisma, eliminando assim a endofuga,enquanto é mantido o fluxo normal das extremidades inferiores. Compõe-se de dois condutos ampliáveis por um balão, cada um rodeado por uma endobolsa, que se enche “in situ” com umpolímero. Cada conduto suporta a luz do fluxo sanguíneo através da bolsa de aneurisma até as artérias ilíacas. A endobolsa com polímero é mantida ao redor da luz e enche a bolsa de aneurisma, bloqueando o fluxo retrógrado dos ramos laterais, funcionando como dispositivo âncora na bolsa de aneurisma, sem necessidade de fixação proximal e distal, e além disso proporciona estabilidade posicional. Portanto, este dispositivo pode ser utilizado para tratar não somente pacientes com colo aórtico e anatomia ilíaca standard, como também aqueles com anatomias adversas. Apresenta-se a primeira experiência clinica de Nellix em 34 pacientes durante o período 2008-2010. Os resultados auguram um bom futuro e a breve aprovação da Comunidade Européia.

The Nellix endoprosthesis is a new endoluminal device designed to treat aorto-iliac aneurysms by sealing the aneurysm sac, thus eliminating the endoleak space, while maintaining normal flow to the lower extremities. It consists of dual, balloon-expandable endoframes, each surroundedby an endobag, which is filled with an in-situ curing polymer. Each endoframe supports the blood flow lumen through the aneurysm sac to the iliac arteries. The polymer containing endobags surround the flow lumen and fill the aneurysm sac, blocking retrograde flow from side-branches, anchoringthe device within the aneurysm sax without the need for proximal and distal fixation, and further providing it with positional stability. Thus, this device can be used to treat not only patients with standard aortic neck and iliac anatomy but also those with adverse anatomies.We report the first clinical experience with Nellix in 34 patients during 2008-2010. The outcomes augur well and a speedy approval by the European Community.

Uso de endoprótesis bifurcada ilíaca para revascularización hipogástrica durante tratamiento de aneurisma aorto-ilíaco / Bifurcated iliac endograft in a patient with aortic-iliac aneurysm

A difficult anatomy is the major challenge to overcome with abdominal aortic aneurysm endografting. Bilateral iliac aneurysm preventing an appropriate distal landing zone for an endograft is a common condition and can be managed by: a) Increasing the diameter of the endograft, with limitations in available sizes; b) bilateral hypogastric embolization, accepting an increased morbidity; c) combining a surgical hypogastric revascularization by retroperitonel approach or d) retrograde revascularization from the ipsilateral external iliac artery using an endograft. Recently, branched endografts have been designed to revascularize the hypo gastric artery. Their deployment is complex but allows antegrade and stable flow. We report a 57 year-old male, at high risk for an open procedure, who presented with a small aortic aneurysm, bilateral iliac and left hypogastric aneurysms. A right bifurcated iliac endograft was deployed, associated with left hypogastric aneurysm embolization and aortic endografting. The patient recovered event free, patency of the endograft and absence of endoleak was demonstrated on a CT scan. He presented minor left buttock claudication, sexual function was preserved. This new technique allows safe endovascular treatment of patients with bilateral iliac aneurysm, allowing preservation of pelvic perfusion and avoiding the risk of an open procedure in a high risk patient.

Una anatomía desfavorable es un obstáculo a vencer con el tratamiento endovascular del aneurisma aorto-ilíaco. La presencia de aneurisma ilíaco bilateral es frecuente y amenaza la adecuada fijación distal de una endoprótesis. Esta condición puede ser manejada: a) aumentando el diámetro del dispositivo a nivel ilíaco, con limitaciones en las medidas disponibles; b) embolización hipogástrica bilateral, aceptando una morbimortalidad mayor; c) combinando un abordaje quirúrgico retroperitoneal para revascularizar una arteria hipogástrica, aumentando el impacto del procedimiento; d) mediante revascularización retrógrada unilateral desde la arteria ilíaca externa ipsilateral con otra endoprótesis. Recientemente se ha descrito el uso de endoprótesis ramificadas, que requieren un despliegue complejo, pero permiten revascularizar una o ambas arterias hipogástricas en forma anterógrada y estable. Reportamos el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino y 57 años, de alto riesgo para cirugía convencional, portador de un aneurisma pequeño de aorta abdominal y aneurismas ilíaco común bilateral e hipogástrico izquierdo. Fue tratado mediante despliegue de una endoprótesis bifurcada ilíaca, revascularizando la arteria hipogástrica derecha y embolizando la izquierda aneurismática, asociado a implante de una endoprótesis aórtica convencional, también bifurcada. El paciente evoluciona sin complicaciones, con claudicación glútea izquierda leve en disminución y preservación de su función sexual. Una tomografía axial computada demuestra exclusión efectiva de sus aneurismas. Esta nueva técnica permite tratar de manera segura a pacientes portadores de aneurisma ilíaco bilateral en forma endo-vascular, manteniendo perfusión de la circulación pelviana y disminuyendo el impacto de un procedimiento convencional en pacientes de alto riesgo.

Antegrade hypogastric revascularization during endovascular aortoiliac aneurysm repair: an alternative to bilateral embolization.

Anatomy has been the major challenge to overcome to increase safe and durable applicability of endografting for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Bilateral iliac aneurysm preventing an appropriate distal landing zone for the endograft is a common condition and can be managed by (a) increasing the diameter of the endograft, with limitations in available sizes, (b) bilateral hypogastric embolization, accepting an increased morbidity, (c) the use of a branched device, increasing the cost and currently with limited availability, (d) combined surgical hypogastric revascularization by the retroperitoneal approach, or (e) retrograde revascularization from the ipsilateral external iliac artery using an endograft. We describe the use of widely available devices to obtain stable antegrade revascularization of one hypogastric artery during aortic endografting. We report the case of a 68-year-old man, at high risk for an open procedure, who presented with bilateral iliac aneurysm and minor aortic ectasia; no iliac landing zone was available. A regular bifurcated graft was deployed and extended into one of the external iliac arteries, preceded by ipsilateral hypogastric embolization. Through an upper extremity approach, an endograft was deployed from the remaining bifurcated graft branch into the other hypogastric artery, followed by ipsilateral external iliac occlusion. Finally a femorofemoral crossover bypass was performed. The patient recovered event free, and patency of the endograft and absence of endoleak were demonstrated on computed tomography. Minor unilateral buttock claudication resolved in 6 weeks and sexual function was preserved. This technique is a reasonable alternative to consider in the endovascular treatment of patients with bilateral iliac aneurysm, allowing preservation of pelvic perfusion, limiting cost, and using available devices.

Aneurisma de artéria ilíaca comum esquerda roto submetido atratamento endovascular: relato de caso / Ruptured left common iliac artery aneurysm submitted to endovascular treatment: case report

Os aneurismas de artérias ilíacas rotos apresentam altas taxas de mortalidade, comparáveis as dos aneurismasde aorta rotos. O tratamento endovascular é considerado atualmente como o de escolha para essas lesões,devido à menor morbimortalidade por ele proporcionado, em comparação à cirurgia aberta. Relata-se o casode um paciente de 80 anos de idade, com comorbidades multissistêmicas, apresentando aneurisma de artériailíaca comum esquerda roto, que foi submetido ao tratamento endoluminal, evoluindo com exclusão doaneurisma e ausência de endovazamentos pós procedimento.

The ruptured aneurysms of iliac arteries have high mortality rates, comparable to those of ruptured aneurysmsof the aorta. Currently the endovascular treatment is considered as the choice for these lesions, due to lowermorbidity when compared with open surgery. We report the case of an 80-year old patient, with multiplecomorbidities, presenting ruptured aneurysm of left common iliac artery, which was submitted to endovasculartreatment, excluding the aneurysm and absence of endoleaks after procedure.