Effects of photobiomodulation on interleukin-10 and nitrites in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis - Randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the expression of IL-10 and nitrites in individuals with Relapsing-Remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), as these biomarkers play a fundamental role in the physiopathology of the disease. The modulation of IL-10 and nitrites through treatment with PBM may be a novel treatment modality for MS. METHODS: A randomized, uncontrolled, clinical trial was conducted involving 14 individuals with a diagnosis of Relapsing-Remitting MS and a score of up to 6.0 on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). THE PARTICIPANTS WERE RANDOMIZED TO TWO GROUPS: Group 1 -PBM in the sublingual region; Group 2 -PBM over the radial artery. Irradiation was administered with a wavelength of 808 nm and output power of 100 mW for 360 seconds twice a week, totaling 24 sessions. Peripheral blood was analyzed for the determination of serum levels of IL-10 and nitrites. RESULTS: After treatment with PBM, the expression of IL-10 increased in both the sublingual group (pre-treatment: 2.8 ± 1.4 pg/ml; post-treatment: 8.3 ± 2.4 pg/ml) and the radial artery group (pre-treatment: 2.7 pg/ml ± 1.4; post-treatment: 11.7 ± 3.8 pg/ml). In contrast, nitrite levels were not modulated in the sublingual group (pre-treatment: 65 ± 50 nmol/mg protein; post-treatment: 51 ± 42 nmol/mg protein) or the radial artery group (pre-treatment: 51 ± 16 nmol/mg protein; post-treatment: 42 ± 7 nmol/mg protein). CONCLUSION: Treatment with PBM positively modulated the expression of IL-10 but had no effect on nitrite levels. Further studies should be conducted with a larger sample and a control group, as PBM may be a promising complementary treatment for the management of MS. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT03360487.

Exposição radiológica em procedimentos coronários realizados pelas vias radial e femoral / Radiation exposure in coronary procedures using the radial and femoral approaches

INTRODUÇÃO: Embora a abordagem transradial tenha reduzido as complicações vasculares, estudos demonstram que pode estar relacionada a maior exposição radiológica. É objetivo deste estudo comparar os parâmetros de exposição radiológica em procedimentos cardiológicos invasivos pelos acessos radial e femoral. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectiva incluindo pacientes submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico ou intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) entre agosto de 2010 e dezembro de 2011. Características clínicas, angiográficas e de exposição à radiação foram registradas em banco de dados específico. Os pacientes foram analisados de acordo com a via de acesso: femoral ou radial. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 1.197 pacientes, 782 submetidos a procedimentos por via femoral e 415, a procedimentos por via radial. Observou-se menor prevalência de pacientes do sexo feminino (36,2% vs. 45,6%; P < 0,01), cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica prévia (4% vs. 12,7%; P < 0,01) e valvulopatia grave (0,3% vs. 1,4%; P = 0,07) no grupo radial. A mediana da dose de radiação recebida pelos pacientes foi maior com a utilização da via radial, tanto para procedimentos diagnósticos (621,6 mGy vs. 445,7 mGy; P < 0,01) como terapêuticos (1.241,6 mGy vs. 990,9 mGy; P < 0,01). Operadores menos experientes no acesso radial expuseram pacientes a maior dose de radiação nas ICPs (1.463 mGy vs. 1.196 mGy; P = 0,02), o que não ocorreu com os mais experientes (1.311 mGy vs. 1.449 mGy; P = 0,84). CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cardiológicos invasivos são expostos a níveis maiores de radiação pela via de acesso radial. No entanto, operadores experientes podem neutralizar essa desvantagem em relação à via femoral.

BACKGROUND: Although the transradial approach had significantly reduced vascular complications, studies have demonstrated that it may be related to higher radiation exposure. The objective of this study is to compare radiation exposure in invasive cardiologic procedures using the transradial and transfemoral approaches. METHODS: Prospective cohort study including patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between August 2010 and December 2011. Clinical, angiographic and radiation exposure characteristics were recorded in a dedicated database. Patients were analyzed according to the access route: femoral or radial. RESULTS: Of the 1,197 patients included in the study, 782 were submitted to procedures using the femoral access and 415 using the radial access. There was a lower prevalence of females (36.2% vs. 45.6%; P < 0.01), previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery (4% vs. 12.7%; P < 0.01) and severe valvular heart disease (0.3% vs. 1.4%; P = 0.07) in the radial group. The median radiation dose received by the patients was higher with the radial approach, both for diagnostic (621.6 mGy vs 445.7 mGy; P < 0.01) and therapeutic procedures (1,241.6 mGy vs 990.9 mGy; P < 0.01). Less experienced operators in the radial approach exposed patients to higher radiation doses (1,463 mGy vs 1,196 mGy; P = 0.02), which did not occur with the more experienced operators (1,311 mGy vs 1,449 mGy; P = 0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing invasive cardiologic procedures are exposed to higher radiation levels when the radial access is used. However, experienced operators may neutralize this disadvantage.