RESUMEN
Six new acylated flavonoid glycosides namely barringosides J - O (1-6) along with tephrokaempferoside and barringoside D were isolated from the branches and leaves of Barringtonia pendula. The structural elucidation was confirmed by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data including HRQTOFMS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Moderate inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells were observed for barringosides M (4) and N (5) with IC50 values of 48.40 ± 3.01 and 56.61 ± 3.87 µM, whereas weak inhibition was found for compounds 1-3, 6, and 7 with IC50 values ranging from 64.91 ± 3.68 to 79.80 ± 3.90 µM.
Asunto(s)
Barringtonia , Flavonoides , Animales , Ratones , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/química , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Óxido Nítrico , Barringtonia/química , Estructura Molecular , Glicósidos/farmacología , Glicósidos/química , Células RAW 264.7RESUMEN
Mangrove plants play an important role in the remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated estuarine and coastal areas; Barringtonia racemosa is a typical semi-mangrove plant. However, the effect of heavy metal stress on this plant has not been explored. In this study, tolerance characteristics and the accumulation profile of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in B. racemosa were evaluated. The results indicated that B. racemosa exhibited a high tolerance in single Cd/Pb and Cd + Pb stress, with a significant increase in biomass yield in all treatment groups, a significant increase in plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll and carotenoid content in most treatment groups and without significant reduction of SOD, POD, MDA, proline content, Chl a, Chl b, Chl a + b, Car, ratio of Chl a:b and ratio of Car:Chl (a + b). Cd and Pb mainly accumulated in the root (≥93.43%) and the content of Cd and Pb in B. racemosa was root > stem > leaf. Pb showed antagonistic effects on the Cd accumulation in the roots and Cd showed antagonistic or synergistic effects on the Pb accumulation in the roots, which depended on the concentration of Cd and Pb. There was a significant synergistic effect of Cd and Pb enrichment under a low Cd and Pb concentration treatment. Thus, phytoremediation could potentially use B. racemosa for Cd and Pb.
Asunto(s)
Barringtonia , Metales Pesados , Contaminantes del Suelo , Biodegradación Ambiental , Cadmio/análisis , Carotenoides , Clorofila , Plomo , Raíces de Plantas/química , Prolina , Suelo , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Superóxido DismutasaRESUMEN
Background: Phytomedicines are gaining a spotlight in wound management, where much research has suggested the wound healing potential of Barringtonia racemosa. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of B. racemosa kernel extract in accelerating wound healing process in animal models. Methods:B. racemosa kernel was extracted using ethanol:water (7:3) solvent and was then used as a bioactive ingredient in a Carbopol 940-based gel formulation in four different concentrations (1, 3, 5 and 7 ppm). A 3 cm diameter wound was made in the dorsal area of Rattus norvegicus rat and wound healing process was assessed up to 12 days using DESIGN (Depth, Exudate, Size of Inflammation/Infection, Granulation tissue, and Necrotic tissue) scoring system. Results: Our data suggested that the DESIGN scores were significantly different among concentration groups after the 3 rd day onward suggesting B. racemosa extract accelerated the wound healing process. Rats treated with gel formulation containing 7 ppm of B. racemosa kernel extract had faster wound healing than that treated with topical Metcovazin. Conclusion:B. racemosa kernel extract was effective in accelerating wound healing on rats. Further study is warranted to purify the bioactive component and the action mechanism in wound healing process.
Asunto(s)
Barringtonia , Aceleración , Animales , Modelos Animales , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
Barringtonia augusta methanol extract (Ba-ME) is a folk medicine found in the wetlands of Thailand that acts through an anti-inflammatory mechanism that is not understood fully. Here, we examine how the methanol extract of Barringtonia augusta (B. augusta) can suppress the activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling pathway and study the activities of Ba-ME in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 macrophage cell line and an LPS-induced peritonitis mouse model. Non-toxic concentrations of Ba-ME downregulated the mRNA expression of cytokines, such as cyclooxygenase and chemokine ligand 12, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Transfection experiments with the AP-1-Luc construct, HEK293T cells, and luciferase assays were used to assess whether Ba-ME suppressed the AP-1 functional activation. A Western blot assay confirmed that C-Jun N-terminal kinase is a direct pharmacological target of Ba-ME action. The anti-inflammatory effect of Ba-ME, which functions by ß-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) inhibition, was confirmed by using an overexpression strategy and a cellular thermal shift assay. In vivo experiments in a mouse model of LPS-induced peritonitis showed the anti-inflammatory effect of Ba-ME on LPS-stimulated macrophages and acute inflammatory mouse models. We conclude that Ba-ME is a promising anti-inflammatory drug targeting TAK1 in the AP-1 pathway.
Asunto(s)
Barringtonia/química , Quinasas Quinasa Quinasa PAM/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Factor de Transcripción AP-1/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Western Blotting , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Metanol/química , Ratones , Peritonitis/inducido químicamente , Peritonitis/prevención & control , Células RAW 264.7RESUMEN
CONTEXT: Among the plants in the genus Barringtonia (Lecythidaceae) used as traditional medicines to treat arthralgia, chest pain, and haemorrhoids in Indonesia, Barringtonia racemosa L. and Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in systemic inflammatory models. OBJECTIVE: The anti-inflammatory activity of Barringtonia angusta Kurz has not been investigated. We prepared a methanol extract of the leaves and stems of B. angusta (Ba-ME) and systemically evaluated its anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS or Pam3CSK4 for 24 h were treated with Ba-ME (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 150 µg/mL), and NO production and mRNA levels of inflammatory genes were evaluated. Luciferase reporter gene assay, western blot analysis, overexpression experiments, and cellular thermal shift assay were conducted to explore the mechanism of Ba-ME. In addition, the anti-gastritis activity of Ba-ME (50 and 100 mg/kg, administered twice per day for two days) was evaluated using an HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis mouse model. RESULTS: Ba-ME dose-dependently suppressed NO production [IC50 = 123.33 µg/mL (LPS) and 46.89 µg/mL (Pam3CSK4)] without affecting cell viability. Transcriptional expression of iNOS, IL-1ß, COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α and phosphorylation of Src, IκBα, p50/105, and p65 were inhibited by Ba-ME. The extract specifically targeted the Src protein by binding to its SH2 domain. Moreover, Ba-ME significantly ameliorated inflammatory lesions in the HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis model. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The anti-inflammatory activity of Ba-ME is mediated by targeting of the Src/NF-κB signalling pathway, and B. angusta has potential as an anti-inflammatory drug.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Barringtonia , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Gastritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Familia-src Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Gastritis/inducido químicamente , Gastritis/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Masculino , Metanol/administración & dosificación , Metanol/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , FN-kappa B , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta , Tallos de la Planta , Células RAW 264.7 , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Familia-src Quinasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Our examination of high molecular weight polyphenolic constituents in the leaves of Barringtonia racemosa of the family Lecythidaceae uncovered 5 previously undescribed ellagitannins. One, barringtin M1 (1), among them was a hydrolysable tannin monomer, while remaining 4, barringtins D1 (2), D2 (3), D3 (4), and barricyclin D1 (5), were all dimers. Barricyclin D1 had a first macrocyclic structure formed from casuarictin (6) and tellimagrandin I (7), and the other ellagitannins had structures related to 5. Two additional known phenolics, valoneic acid dilactone (8) and schimawalin A (9), were also isolated from the leaves. These results suggested that the leaves of B. racemosa are a natural resource rich in hydrolysable tannin oligomers.
Asunto(s)
Barringtonia/química , Taninos Hidrolizables/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Dimerización , Taninos Hidrolizables/química , Estructura Molecular , Hojas de la Planta/química , Análisis Espectral/métodosRESUMEN
Barringtonia racemosa leaf water extract (BLE) had been shown to have high gallic acid (GA) content and BLE has been postulated to have anti-proliferative effects towards colorectal cancer. This study aims to further investigate the mechanism underlying the anti-proliferative effect of BLE in Caco-2 cells and to determine if GA is responsible for the observed effects. Both BLE and GA inhibited Caco-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Cells exposed to IC50 concentration of BLE and GA showed reduced antioxidant activities. GA-treated Caco-2 cells experienced higher oxidative stress compared to cells treated with BLE. Both BLE and GA significantly up-regulated the expression of SLC2A1. BLE but not GA, significantly down-regulated the expression of ADH4. Meanwhile, GA but not BLE, significantly up-regulated AKRIB10 and GLO1 but significantly down-regulated HAGH. Alterations in gene expression were coupled with changes in extracellular glucose and pyruvate levels. While BLE decreased intracellular pyruvate, GA did the opposite. Both intracellular and extracellular D-lactate were not affected by either BLE or GA. GA showed more pronounced effects on apoptosis while BLE irreversibly reduced cell percentage in the G0/G1 phase. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the multiple-actions of BLE against Caco-2 cells, potentially involving various polyphenolic compounds, including GA.
Asunto(s)
Barringtonia , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Gálico/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Células CACO-2 , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Glucosa/metabolismo , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 1/metabolismo , Humanos , Ácido Pirúvico/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Using various chromatographic separations, three new acylated flavonoid glycosides, namely barringosides G-I (1-3), were isolated from the water-soluble extract of Barringtonia racemosa branches and leaves. The structure elucidation was performed by extensive analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR and HR-QTOF-MS data. Of the isolated compounds, barringoside I (3) showed moderate inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 of 52.48 ± 1.04 µM.
Asunto(s)
Barringtonia/química , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Acilación , Animales , Glicósidos/química , Glicósidos/farmacología , Lipopolisacáridos/química , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Espectrometría de Masas , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Células RAW 264.7RESUMEN
Background and Aims: Root mechanical traits, including tensile strength (Tr), tensile strain (εr) and modulus of elasticity (Er), are key functional traits that help characterize plant anchorage and the physical contribution of vegetation to landslides and erosion. The variability in these traits is high among tree fine roots and is poorly understood. Here, we explore the variation in root mechanical traits as well as their underlying links with morphological (diameter), architectural (topological order) and anatomical (stele and cortex sizes) traits. Methods: We investigated the four tropical tree species Pometia tomentosa, Barringtonia fusicarpa, Baccaurea ramiflora and Pittosporopsis kerrii in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. For each species, we excavated intact, fresh, fine roots and measured mechanical and anatomical traits for each branching order. Key Results: Mechanical traits varied enormously among the four species within a narrow range of diameters (<2 mm): <0.1-65 MPa for Tr, 4-1135 MPa for Er and 0.4-37 % for εr. Across species, Tr and Er were strongly correlated with stele area ratio, which was also better correlated with topological order than with root diameter, especially at interspecific levels. Conclusions: Root topological order plays an important role in explaining variability in fine-root mechanical traits due to its reflection of root tissue development. Accounting for topological order when measuring fine-root traits therefore leads to greater empirical understanding of plant functions (e.g. anchorage) within and across species.
Asunto(s)
Magnoliopsida/fisiología , Raíces de Plantas/fisiología , Árboles/fisiología , Barringtonia/anatomía & histología , Barringtonia/fisiología , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , China , Magnoliopsida/anatomía & histología , Raíces de Plantas/anatomía & histología , Sapindaceae/anatomía & histología , Sapindaceae/fisiología , Árboles/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
A novel actinomycete strain, designated GKU 128T, isolated from the roots of an Indian oak tree [Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn.] at Khao Khitchakut district, Chantaburi province, Thailand, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The strain formed a branched substrate and aerial mycelia which differentiated into straight to flexuous chains of smooth-ornamented spores. Analysis of the cell wall revealed the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and N-acetylmuramic acid in the peptidoglycan. The whole-cell sugars were glucose, madurose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. Mycolic acids were absent. The major phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositolmannoside. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8), MK-9(H0) and MK-9(H4). The major fatty acids were C16â:â0, C18â:â1ω9c and 10-methyl C18â:â0 (tuberculostearic acid). The genomic DNA G+C content was 70.5 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain GKU 128T was closely related to the type strains of Actinomadura nitritigenes NBRC 15918T (99.2â% sequence similarity) and Actinomadura fibrosa JCM 9371T (98.7â%). The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GKU 128T and the closely related type species were less than 19â%. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain GKU 128T could be distinguished from its closely related type strains and represents a novel species of the genus Actinomadura, for which the name Actinomadura barringtoniae sp. nov. (=TBRC 7225T=NBRC 113074T) is proposed.
Asunto(s)
Actinomycetales/clasificación , Barringtonia/microbiología , Filogenia , Raíces de Plantas/microbiología , Microbiología del Suelo , Actinomycetales/genética , Actinomycetales/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Pared Celular/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácido Diaminopimélico/química , Endófitos/clasificación , Endófitos/genética , Endófitos/aislamiento & purificación , Ácidos Grasos/química , Ácidos Murámicos/química , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Peptidoglicano/química , Fosfolípidos/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Tailandia , Vitamina K 2/químicaRESUMEN
Using various chromatographic separation techniques, ten flavonoid glycosides, including six new compounds namely barringosides A-F (1-6), were isolated from a methanol extract of the Barringtonia acutangula leaves. The structure elucidation was confirmed by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, and HR ESI MS. Their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells were also evaluated. Among the isolated compounds, quercetin 3-O-ß-d-(6-p-hydroxybenzoyl)galactopyranoside (9) showed significant effect with an IC50 of 20.00±1.68µM. This is the first report of these flavonoid glycosides from Barringtonia genus and their inhibition on LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells was reported here for the first time.
Asunto(s)
Barringtonia/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Glicósidos/farmacología , Lipopolisacáridos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Glicósidos/química , Glicósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Óxido Nítrico/biosíntesis , Células RAW 264.7 , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Phytochemical investigation into the CHCl3 extract of the fruits of Barringtonia racemosa resulted in the isolation of two new metabolites along with isoracemosol A and betulinic acid as known metabolites. The new compounds were characterised as phytosphingosine-type ceramide [(2S,3S,4R)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoyl amino]-hexacos-8(E)-ene-1,3,4-triol, 1] and racemosol E [21ß-acetoxy-22α-(2-methylbutyroxy)-olean-12-ene-3ß,16α,28-triol, 2] on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analysis and chemical modifications. In addition, the self-gelating property of isoracemosol A (3) was investigated for the first time, which leads to the unexpected agglomerated porous-like morphology.
Asunto(s)
Barringtonia/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Bibencilos , Ceramidas/química , Frutas/química , Geles/química , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Ácido Oleanólico/análogos & derivados , Porosidad , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de ElectrosprayRESUMEN
Mangrove trees are continuously under stress due to environmental and/or anthropogenic pressures, which expose them to attack by pathogens, compromising their survival. Ophiostomatoid fungi cause sap stain and diseases of a wide spectrum of tree species globally. These fungi infect trees through natural, insect, animal and/or human made wounds. During routine surveys of mangrove trees in South Africa, wounds on branches and stems of Avicennia marina were regularly monitored for the presence of ophiostomatoid fungi at ten study sites in the country. The stems of four mangrove species, A. marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora mucronata and Barringtonia racemosa were also wounded and evaluated for the appearance of these fungi. Ophiostomatoid fungi were obtained from the mangrove associate B. racemosa, but not from any of the true mangroves. Analyses of DNA sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer, ß-tubulin, calmodulin and translation elongation factor gene regions revealed that the fungi isolated from the wounds on B. racemosa belong to three species in the Ophiostomataceae, including a new taxon described here as Ophiostoma palustre sp. nov. These results suggest that the mangrove associate B. racemosa is more prone to colonization by ophiostomatoid fungi than the true mangroves.
Asunto(s)
Avicennia/microbiología , Barringtonia/microbiología , Ophiostomatales/aislamiento & purificación , Rhizophoraceae/microbiología , Ophiostoma/clasificación , Ophiostoma/aislamiento & purificación , Ophiostomatales/clasificación , Filogenia , Sudáfrica , HumedalesRESUMEN
Vegetative and reproductive phenology of Barringtonia acutangula, a floodplain tree species was studied at Chatla floodplain, Assam North East India with the aim to investigate vegetative and reproductive phenology under stressful environment of seasonal submergence and to assess the impact of environmental variables (temperature and precipitation) on tree phenophases. Quantitative assessment was made at 15 day interval for all the phenophases (leaf initiation, leaf-fall, flowering and fruiting) by tagging 40 (forty) trees over aperiod of two years (2012-14).To test seasonal influence on the phenology of Barringtonia acutangula different phenophases were correlated with environmental variables and statistical spearman's rank correlation coefficient was employed. Aridity index was computed that delineate influence of rainfall and temperature together on any phenophases. Leaf initiation showed positively significant correlation with temperature (r(s) = 0.601, p = < .05) during the year 2012-2013 whereas it was significantly correlated with rainfall (r(s) = 0.583, p = < .05) and aridity index (r(s) = 0.583, p = < .05) during the year 2013-2014. Leaf-fall was significant negatively correlated with temperature (r(s) = -0.623, p = < .05), rainfall (r(s) = -0.730, p = < .01) and aridity index (r(s) = -0.730, p = < .01) for both the studied years. Flowering was significantly influenced by temperature (r(s) = 0.639, p = < .05), rainfall (r(s) = 0.890, p = < .01) and aridity index (r(s) = 0.890, p = < .01) while in one month lag flowering was significantly correlated with rainfall (r(s) = 0.678, p = < .01) in 2012-13. Fruiting was also positively significant with temperature (r(s) = 0.795, P < .05), rainfall (r(s) = 0.835, P < .01) and aridity index (r(s) = 0.835, P < .01) for both the years. During one month lag period fruiting was positively correlated with temperature, rainfall and aridity index in both the years. Temperature, rainfall and aridity index were major determinants of the various vegetative and reproductive phenology of B. acutangula and any changes in these variables in future due to climate change, might have profound effect on phenophases of this tree species.
Asunto(s)
Barringtonia/fisiología , Ecosistema , Árboles/fisiología , Flores/fisiología , India , Hojas de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Reproducción/fisiología , Estaciones del Año , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
To investigate the chemical constituents from Barringtonia racemosa, twelve compounds were isolated by chromatography methods and identified as 3ß-p-E-coumaroymaslinic acid (1), cis-careaborin (2), careaborin (3), maslinic acid (4), 2α, 3ß, 19α-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-24, 28-dioic acid (5), 3ß-p-Z-coumaroylcorosolic acid (6), corosolic acid (7), 1α, 2α, 3ß, 19α-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (8), 19α-hydroxyl ursolic acid (9), 3α, 19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-24, 28-dioic acid (10), tormentic acid (11), 3-hydroxy-7, 22-dien-ergosterolï¼12ï¼ by the NMR and MS data analysis. Among them, compounds 1-4,7-12 were obtained from the genus Barringtonia for the first time. All the compounds didn't show nocytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and A549 cell lines (IC50>50 mgâ¢L⻹).
Asunto(s)
Barringtonia/química , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Triterpenos/análisis , Estructura Molecular , Fitoquímicos/análisisRESUMEN
The present study compared pH, total soluble solids, vitamin C, and total phenolic contents, antioxidant activities, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of 40 fresh juices. The juice of Baccaurea polyneura showed the highest yield (74.17 ± 1.44%) and total soluble solids (32.83 ± 0.27 °Brix). The highest and lowest pH values were respectively measured from the juices of Dimocarpus longan (6.87 ± 0.01) and Averrhoa bilimbi (1.67 ± 0.67). The juice of Psidium guajava gave the highest total phenolic (857.24 ± 12.65 µg GAE/g sample) and vitamin C contents (590.31 ± 7.44 µg AAE/g sample). The juice of Phyllanthus acidus with moderate contents of total phenolics and vitamin C was found to exhibit the greatest scavenging (613.71 ± 2.59 µg VCEAC/g sample), reducing (2784.89 ± 3.93 µg TEAC/g sample), and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (95.37 ± 0.15%). The juice of Barringtonia racemosa was ranked second in the activities and total phenolic content. Gallic and ellagic acids, which were quantified as the major phenolics of the respective juices, are suggested to be the main contributors to the antioxidant activities. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the juices could be derived from myricetin and quercetin (that were previously reported as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors) in the hydrolyzed juice extracts. The juice of Syzygium samarangense, which was found to be highest in metal chelating activity (82.28 ± 0.10%), also was found to have these phenolics.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/química , Barringtonia/química , Bebidas/análisis , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/química , Fenol/química , Phyllanthus/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Frutas/química , Cinética , Malasia , Estructura Molecular , alfa-Glucosidasas/químicaRESUMEN
AIM: This study was aimed at evaluating the anti-diabetic activity of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of the leaf material of Barringtonia acutangula in a diabetic animal model. METHODS: The ethanolic and aqueous extracts (250 and 500 mg·kg(-1) body weight) of the leaves of B. acutangula were assessed for antidiabetic activity in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes animal model following 21 days of treatment. Glibenclamide (0.6 mg·kg(-1) p.o.) was used as a positive control. The hematological parameters, such as blood glucose level, urea, creatinin, cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels were examined. RESULTS: An acute toxicity study (5 000 mg·kg(-1), p.o.) did not produce any symptoms of toxicity. Significant reductions in blood glucose level, and serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were noted in animals treated with the extract. The high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC) level was found to increase as compared with the diabetic control group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the leaf aqueous and ethanolic extracts of B. acutangula have anti-diabetic effects. The aqueous extract of B. acutangula produced a similar effect when compared with the ethanol extract. It is proposed that consumption of B. acutangula in some form like tea may help the management of diabetes.
Asunto(s)
Barringtonia , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Lípidos/sangre , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Animales , Colesterol/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
To investigate the effect of different chromium (CrVI) treatments on seedlings of semi-aquatic plant Barringtonia acutangula, hydroponic experiments were conducted. Results revealed that B. acutangula could tolerate much higher CrVI concentration accumulated about 751-2,703 mg kg(-1) dry weight in roots and 50-1,101 mg kg(-1) dry weight in shoots, respectively, under 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 mM chromium treatments. CrVI exposure at 1.0-4.0 mM does not exhibit toxicity signs; however, up to 4.0 mM CrVI exposure causes significant decline in growth parameters. Content of macronutrients such as Ca and K decreased under different Cr treatments in roots and shoots, while Mg content of roots and shoots did not influence at the range of 1.0-4.0 mM Cr; however, significant decrease at 5.0 mM Cr, besides P content, significantly shows increasing trends, respectively. Interestingly, sulfur content of roots and shoots show increasing trends at 1.0-2.0 mM Cr; however, severe decrease of up to 3.0-5.0 mM is shown in CrVI treatments. Furthermore, micronutrients content were enhanced under CrVI treatments excluding Cu and Fe since they show significant reduction in shoots as well as in roots. Bioaccumulation factor were also calculated on the basis of results obtained which shows the value of >1 without viewing chromium toxicity symptoms. This study demonstrated that B. acutangula could tolerate CrVI concentrations up to 1.0-4.0 mM Cr which may be useful in chromium phytoremediation programs.
Asunto(s)
Barringtonia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cromo/aislamiento & purificación , Micronutrientes/análisis , Plantones/crecimiento & desarrollo , Oligoelementos/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/aislamiento & purificación , Barringtonia/química , Barringtonia/efectos de los fármacos , Biodegradación Ambiental , Biomasa , Cromo/toxicidad , Germinación/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/química , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantones/química , Plantones/efectos de los fármacos , Semillas/química , Semillas/efectos de los fármacos , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidadRESUMEN
The polyphenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of the water extracts of Barringtonia racemosa shoots (leaves and stems) were explored. Two methods, freeze drying and air drying, for preparation of the shoots, were also compared. Freeze drying was better as air drying caused 5-41% reduction of polyphenols. Three phenolic acids and three flavonoids were identified, using UHPLC. The descending order of polyphenols in the leaves and stems was gallic acid>ellagic acid>quercetin>protocatechuic acid>rutin>kaempferol. In vitro antioxidant analyses were performed using biological samples. In the LDL oxidation assay, B. racemosa leaf extract (IC50=73.0µg/ml) was better than stem extract (IC50=226µg/ml) at inhibiting the formation of TBARS and lipid hydroperoxides. Similar trends were observed for serum and haemoglobin oxidation. B. racemosa leaf extract was better than its stem extract in delaying the time required to oxidise haemoglobin to methaemoglobin. The high polyphenolic content of B. racemosa shoots could have contributed towards their antioxidative effects.
Asunto(s)
Barringtonia/química , Hemoglobinas/química , Lipoproteínas LDL/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Polifenoles/química , Suero/química , Humanos , Oxidación-ReducciónRESUMEN
AIM@#This study was aimed at evaluating the anti-diabetic activity of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of the leaf material of Barringtonia acutangula in a diabetic animal model.@*METHODS@#The ethanolic and aqueous extracts (250 and 500 mg·kg(-1) body weight) of the leaves of B. acutangula were assessed for antidiabetic activity in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes animal model following 21 days of treatment. Glibenclamide (0.6 mg·kg(-1) p.o.) was used as a positive control. The hematological parameters, such as blood glucose level, urea, creatinin, cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels were examined.@*RESULTS@#An acute toxicity study (5 000 mg·kg(-1), p.o.) did not produce any symptoms of toxicity. Significant reductions in blood glucose level, and serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were noted in animals treated with the extract. The high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC) level was found to increase as compared with the diabetic control group.@*CONCLUSION@#These results suggest that the leaf aqueous and ethanolic extracts of B. acutangula have anti-diabetic effects. The aqueous extract of B. acutangula produced a similar effect when compared with the ethanol extract. It is proposed that consumption of B. acutangula in some form like tea may help the management of diabetes.