Between the lines: The 50th anniversary of long-term central venous catheters.

BACKGROUND: Tunneled central venous catheters (CVC) were developed five decades ago. Since then, several clinician-inventors have created a variety of catheters with different functions. Indeed, many catheters have been named after their inventor. Many have wondered who the inventors were of each catheter, and what specifically inspired their inventions. Many of these compelling stories have yet to be told. DATA SOURCE: A literature review of common catheters and personal communication with inventors. Only first person accounts from inventors or those close to the invention were used. CONCLUSIONS: CVCs are now essential devices that have saved countless lives. Though the inventors have earned the honor of naming their catheters, it may be reasonable to consider more consistent terminology to describe these catheters to avoid confusion.

Vascular Access Guidelines: Summary, Rationale, and Controversies.

Dialysis vascular access management in the United States changed significantly after National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (NKF-KDOQI) clinical practice guidelines were first published in 1997. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service adopted these guidelines and in collaboration with the End-Stage Renal Disease Networks established the Fistula First Breakthrough Initiative (FFBI) in 2003 to improve the rate of arteriovenous fistula use over arteriovenous graft and central venous catheter in the dialysis population. The implementation of guidelines and FFBI has led to a significant increase in the arteriovenous fistula use in the prevalent dialysis population. The guidelines are criticized for being opinion based and often impractical. Over the past 2 decades, the patient population undergoing dialysis has become older with complex comorbidities and challenges for creating an ideal vascular access. Advancing knowledge about access pathophysiology, improved treatment options, and improved process of care with team approach model point toward diminishing relevance of few of the existing guidelines. Moreover, several guidelines remain controversial and may be leading to clinical decisions that may be unfavorable to the patients. The review discusses the historical aspect of vascular access care in the United States and evolution of current practice standards and controversies surrounding few of these guidelines in the current time.

Vascular access: an historical perspective from Sir William Harvey to the 1956 Nobel prize to André F. Cournand, Werner Forssmann, and Dickinson W. Richards.

Sir William Harvey (1578-1657), who had many precursors, discovered blood circulation in 1628 after a significant number of anatomic dissection of cadavers; his studies were continued by Sir Christopher Wren and Daniel Johann Major. The first central vein catheterization was performed on a horse by Stephen Hales, an English Vicar. In 1844, a century later, the French biologist Claude Bernard attempted the first carotid artery cannulation and repeated the procedure in the jugular vein, again on a horse. He was first to report the complications now well known to be associated with this maneuver. In 1929 Werner Forssmann tried cardiac catheterization on himself, but could not investigate the procedure further since his findings were rejected and ridiculed by colleagues. His work was continued by André Frédéric Cournand and Dickinson Woodruff Richards Jr in the United States. In 1956 the three physicians shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine for their studies on vascular and cardiac systems. The genius and the perseverance of the three physicians paved the way towards peripheral and central catheter vein placement, one of the most frequently performed maneuvers in hospitals. Its history still remains unknown to most and deserves a short description.

A concise history of central venous access.

Central venous access has become a mainstay of modern interventional radiology practice. Its history has paralleled and enabled many current medical therapies. This short overview provides an interesting historical perspective of these increasingly common interventional procedures.

Catéteres venosos centrales: resistencia al acodamiento y resistencia al rozamiento o fricción (aspereza) / Central venous catheters: resistance to leaning and the rubbing or friction (roughness)

En la línea dé investigación sobre catéteres venosos centrales se hizo una revisión histórica y una introducción bibliográfica previas. En un primer trabajo experimental se estudió la información en el etiquetado y embalaje, la expresión de las dimensiones, las marcas de longitud y escala, la punta del catéter y el acabado de la superficie e inspección visual, en el segundo se estudió la longitud, el diámetro externo, el flujo y obstrucción, la inexistencia de pérdidas, fugas o permeabilidad y la resistencía a la presión; en el tercero se estudiaron los diámetros externo e interno determinados por microscopía óptica con análisis de imagen; en el cuarto la elasticidad y la extensibilidad. En este quinto se estudian la resistencia al acodamiento utilizando el pie de rey y al rozamiento o fricción (aspereza), utilizando un dinamómetro electrónico (AU)

Central venous access. Clinical practice issues.

Central venous catheterization has facilitated the delivery of parenteral nutrition for over 20 years. Current practice in the care of central venous catheters and management of associated complications reflects past clinical experience and innovative research study. The article highlights key issues associated with central venous access from a clinical perspective.

Catéteres venosos centrales: historia / Central venous catheters: history

Los catéteres venosos centrales han evolucionado desde sus primeros intentos a principios del siglo XX, de rudimentarios tubos de hule de tipo uretral insertados como curiosidad científica en las venas de los propios investigadores, hasta la actualidad en que existe una amplia gama de posibilidades, como implantes permanentes que tienen distintos propósitos, que hacen la vida más llevadera Äentre otrosÄ a pacientes oncológicos que reciben quimioterapia

History and current application of intravenous therapy in children.

More than 36,000,000 individuals in the United States were hospitalized in 1985, and, on the average, 25% of hospitalized patients have insertion of an intravenous catheter (IVC). Considering those 9,000,000 IVC placements in 1985, it may be surprising to learn that "modern" intravenous (IV) therapy has a lifetime that is barely 40 years old. For the pediatrician, IV access holds particular importance, since its acquisition is often the rate-limiting step in initiation of a therapeutic plan, particularly in the setting of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This article is a review of the nearly 500-year history of IV therapy and an overview of the IV techniques and products currently available for use in pediatric patients.