Endocrine Disorders and Genital Infections Impair Gynecological Health in APECED (APS-1).

Objective: In autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) defects in the autoimmune regulator gene lead to impaired immunotolerance. We explored the effects of immunodeficiency and endocrinopathies on gynecologic health in patients with APECED. Design: Cross-sectional cohort study combined with longitudinal follow-up data. Methods: We carried out a gynecologic evaluation, pelvic ultrasound, and laboratory and microbiologic assessment in 19 women with APECED. Retrospective data were collected from previous study visits and hospital records. Results: The study subjects' median age was 42.6 years (range, 16.7-65.5). Sixteen patients (84%) had premature ovarian insufficiency, diagnosed at the median age of 16.5 years; 75% of them used currently either combined contraception or hormonal replacement therapy. In 76% of women, the morphology and size of the uterus were determined normal for age, menopausal status, and current hormonal therapy. Fifteen patients (79%) had primary adrenal insufficiency; three of them used dehydroepiandrosterone substitution. All androgen concentrations were under the detection limit in 11 patients (58%). Genital infections were detected in nine patients (47%); most of them were asymptomatic. Gynecologic C. albicans infection was detected in four patients (21%); one of the strains was resistant to azoles. Five patients (26%) had human papillomavirus infection, three of which were high-risk subtypes. Cervical cell atypia was detected in one patient. No correlation between genital infections and anti-cytokine autoantibodies was found. Conclusions: Ovarian and adrenal insufficiencies manifested with very low androgen levels in over half of the patients. Asymptomatic genital infections, but not cervical cell atypia, were common in female patients with APECED.

Ischemia-modified albumin in gynecology.

Background: Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is an oxidative stress marker used to assess the presence and severity of oxidative stress. This marker was first used for early diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. Materials & methods: A variety of IMA studies were carried out to show the effect of oxidative stress on gynecological disorders. Conclusion: This analysis summarizes the literature by conducting electronic research on the relationship between IMA and gynecological disorders.

Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 elevation without evidence of malignant or pancreatobiliary diseases.

Although carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) may be elevated in benign diseases, elevated CA 19-9 may cause a fear of cancer and unnecessary follow-up studies. Research on how to approach systematically in this case is very limited. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical features and the causes of CA 19-9 elevation without evidence of malignant or pancreatobiliary diseases. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who had CA 19-9 elevation (≥80 U/mL) and were found to be unrelated to cancer after follow-up. After exclusion, 192 patients were included in this study. The median level of CA 19-9 was 136.5 U/mL. The causes of CA 19-9 elevation were determined in 147 (76.6%) patients, and that was unknown in 45 (23.4%). The estimated causative diseases were hepatic diseases in 63 patients, pulmonary diseases in 32, gynecologic diseases in 38, endocrine diseases in 13, and spleen disease in 1. Of 45 patients with unknown cause, 35 had normalization of CA 19-9 and 10 had persistently elevated CA 19-9. In conclusion, CA 19-9 elevation without malignancies or pancreatobiliary diseases should be systematically evaluated and followed up. We suggest an algorithm to investigate the causes and follow up these patients.

Comparison of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Patients With Malignant and Benign Gynaecological Disease.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Many studies have shown an antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenetic, and apoptosis-inducing effect of Vitamin D. A vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk for different types of cancer. This study examined vitamin D 25(OH)D levels in gynaecological cancers in comparison with benign gynaecological diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Serum 25(OH)D levels in 688 gynaecological patients (488 with malignant, 200 with a benign gynaecological disease) were assayed between 2009 and 2015 using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS: In total, the 25(OH)D levels in cancer patients were lower, but not significantly lower than those in cancer-free patients. Significant results were shown regarding seasonal effects for patients with breast-, endometrial and ovarian cancer. No significant effects occurred with regard to menopause status, nicotine, or grade in relation to 25(OH)D levels. CONCLUSION: 25(OH)D levels seem to influence gynaecological cancers.

The relationship between iron deficiency anemia and sexual function and satisfaction among reproductive-aged Iranian women.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common micronutrient deficiency worldwide, and an important health problem especially in women of reproductive age. This study aimed to determine the relationship between IDA and sexual satisfaction and function among reproductive-aged Iranian women. In this study, 129 women (52 with IDA and 77 non-IDA) with age 18-45 in Mahshahr, Iran were recruited. Data was gathered by a demographic questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square, and correlation coefficient test. The results of this study showed that the means of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), serum iron and ferritin were significantly lower in the IDA group than those in the non-IDA group (p<0.01). All dimensions of sexual function and satisfaction were significantly lower in women with IDA compared to the healthy women (p<0.001). Also, all blood indices for IDA had a significant relationship with all sexual function components and sexual satisfaction (p = 0.01) except for pain with Hb and ferritin. Health care providers should provide screening, education, and counseling about anemia and sexual function in reproductive age women.

Association between free thyroid hormones values and the lipid profile in middle-aged women with chronic symptoms.

AIMS: To determine the association between the thyroid hormones(FT3, FT4 and TSH) and the lipid profile markers(HDL-c, LDL-c and triglycerides) values in middle-aged women with no metabolic disorders and recurrent chronic symptomatology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out an analytical cross-sectional study in euthyroid women with recurrent chronic symptoms of at least six months with no apparent diagnosis who attended the endocrinological gynaecology outpatient service of a private clinic in Lima-Peru during 2012-2014. Participants who met the eligibility criteria were evaluated according to their thyroid hormones(FT3, FT4 and TSH) and lipid profile markers(HDL-c, LDL-c and triglycerides) values. We elaborated univariate/multivariate linear regression models to evaluate the association between the thyroid markers and the lipid profile levels. The reported association measure was the beta coefficient(ß) with its respective p-value. RESULTS: We analyzed 211 participants, the average age was 44.9 ±â€¯14.0(SD) years, the FT3 and FT4 mean levels were 3.2 ±â€¯0.4 pg/mL and 1.2 ±â€¯0.2 ng/dL respectively, while the TSH median was 2.8(IQR:1.9-4.0) µU/mL. The mean or median levels of LDL-c, HDL-c and triglycerides were of 137.5 ±â€¯37.9 mg/dL, 54.0 ±â€¯15.0 mg/dL and 118.5(IQR:79.5-169.5) mg/dL respectively. In the multivariate linear regression model between the FT3 and LDL-c levels, we found that for each increase in a FT3 unit, the LDL-c values decreased on average 30.85 mg/dL(p < 0.01). We found no statistically significant associations in the other multivariate models of linear regression, among the other thyroid hormones and lipid markers. CONCLUSION: We found an inverse association between the FT3 and LDL-c values in women with chronic gynaecological symptoms.

Impact of macroprolactin on galactorrhea and the rate of patients possibly affected by macroprolactin.

The clinical influence of macroprolactin (MPRL) is not clearly understood and the rate of patients potentially affected by MPRL is unknown. We investigated the influence of MPRL on the onset of galactorrhea and estimated the rate of patients with a proportion of MPRL fraction that may possibly affect galactorrhea. Data of patients with obstetric or gynecological symptoms who had undergone PRL fractionation testing were retrospectively analyzed. To evaluate factors influencing galactorrhea, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed and the adjusted odds ratios of MPRL for galactorrhea were calculated. Cutoff values for the total PRL level and the proportion of MPRL fractions for galactorrhea were determined by ROC analysis using a multivariate logistic model. The prevalence of patients with a proportion of MPRL fraction greater than or equal to the cutoff value for galactorrhea was estimated. The median proportion of MPRL fraction was 30.1% and increased as PRL level increased. Total PRL and MPRL had a significant influence on the onset of galactorrhea and the adjusted odds ratio was 1.09 in total PRL and 0.94 in MPRL. The rate of patients with a proportion of MPRL fraction that may possibly affect galactorrhea was estimated to be 33.5% of the study population, and thus found to be twelve times or more the number of macroprolactinemia patients. Future prospects for hyperprolactinemia may require diagnostic criteria using free prolactin levels and so MPRL fraction measurement is important for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with obstetric and gynecological symptoms.

Evaluation of Total, Active, and Specific Myeloperoxidase Levels in Women with and without Endometriosis.

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a proinflammatory enzyme and a marker for neutrophil activation and oxidative stress. Since oxidative stress and inflammation are linked to the pathogenesis of endometriosis, we hypothesized that the total, active, and specific (active/total) MPO levels were significantly different in plasma of women with and without endometriosis. Samples were selected from our biobank from women with endometriosis (n = 212) and controls without endometriosis (n = 121) across the menstrual cycle. Total MPO plasma levels were measured by immunoassay and MPO activity by enzymatic assay. Total and active MPO levels did not differ significantly among endometriosis cases and controls, whereas the specific MPO activity was significantly lower in women with endometriosis than that in controls (p = 0.0159). After the subdivision of control patients into women with a normal pelvis and women with other benign gynecological disorders, a significant difference was observed only between women with endometriosis and women with other benign gynecological disorders (p = 0.0266). In conclusion, systemic MPO levels may not be suited as a single biomarker for endometriosis. Our data support the involvement of MPO in other gynecological disorders but do not provide any evidence for an association with endometriosis.

Diagnostic Indicators for Blood Stasis Syndrome Patients with Gynaecological Diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the important diagnostic indicators for blood stasis syndrome (BSS) in patients of childbearing age with gynaecological diseases. METHODS: A partial least squared-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to BSS symptoms data of patients with gynaecological diseases, and the diagnostic indicators used by doctors of Korean medicine (DKMs) among BSS patients with gynaecological diseases were also investigated. RESULTS: A total of 103 patients of childbearing age with gynaecological diseases and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. Among the 103 patients, 63 (61.7%) and 40 (38.8%) were diagnosed with BSS and non-BSS, respectively, and BSS patients exhibited a more severe extent of disease. A score plot of PLS-DA showed clearly different patterns among the 3 groups. Based on the variable importance on projection of PLS-DA model, menstrual pains, dark lumps in the menstrual blood, ileocoecal tenderness and resistance, sharp pains, and sublingual varicosities were selected as the top five most important indicators. Moreover, more than 75% of DKMs chose dark lumps in menstrual blood, menstrual pain, and dark menstrual blood as the diagnostic indicators of BSS in patients with gynaecological diseases, and more than 49% of them also considered sharp pains, dark red tongue, sublingual varicosities, and tendency to bruise easily as diagnostic indicators of BSS. CONCLUSION: DKMs focused on menstrual symptoms and certain gynaecological symptoms to diagnose BSS patients of childbearing age with female diseases.

[The influence of the comprehensive spa and health resort-based treatment on the system of hormonal regulation in the women presenting with gynecological pathology depending on the plasma prolactin level]. / Vliianie kompleksnogo sanatorno-kurortnogo lecheniia na sistemu gormonal'noi reguliatsii u zhenshchin s ginekologicheskoi patologiei v zavisimosti ot urovnia prolaktina.

AIM: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the comprehensive spa and health resort-based treatment on the system of hormonal regulation in the women presenting with bacterial vaginosis and concomitant chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs depending on the plasma prolactin level. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We investigated the indicators of hormonal regulation in 186 women suffering from bacterial vaginosis and concomitant chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs depending on the level of prolactin in blood plasma. The first group consisted of 128 women with the normal plasma prolactin levels whereas the second group was comprised of 58 women having hyperprolactinemia. The relevant laboratory data were obtained before and after peloid therapy. RESULTS: The application of the therapeutic peloids for the treatment of the women presenting with the normal level of prolactin in blood plasma was shown to contribute to the positive clinical dynamics of the patients' condition and have a modulating effect on the level of pituitary hormones as well as a stimulating effect on the function of the ovaries. The peloid therapy given to the women with hyperprolactinemia exacerbates the hormonal imbalance as a result of the increase of the initial level of prolactin, discoordination of the hormonal regulation at the level of the pituitary-ovarian system, and enhancement of the adrenal gland function regardless of the level of prolactin. CONCLUSION: The results of the study give evidence of the possibility to use the plasma prolactin level as an indicator of the effectiveness of the spa and health resort-based treatment of the women presenting with gynecological pathology. Moreover, they suggest the necessity of a differentiated approach to the application of the therapeutic peloids for the treatment of gynecological patients with the disturbances of the hormonal regulation taking into consideration the initial level of prolactin in the blood plasma and the presence of hyperprolactinemia prior to the prescription of the spa and health resort-based treatment including peloid therapy.

Clinical Significance of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor 2, a Serum Biomarker Candidate for Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: There is currently no reliable serum biomarker for ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC), a highly lethal histological subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Previously, using a proteome-based approach, we identified tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) as a candidate serum biomarker for CCC. In this study, we sought to evaluate the clinical diagnostic performance of TFPI2 in preoperative prediction of CCC. METHODS: Serum TFPI2 levels were measured in serum samples from a retrospective training set consisting of patients with benign and borderline ovarian tumors, EOC subtypes, and uterine diseases. Via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, we compared the diagnostic performance of TFPI2 with that of CA125 in discrimination of patients with ovarian CCC from other patient groups. The observed diagnostic performances were examined in a prospective validation set. RESULTS: The 268-patient training set included 29 patients with ovarian CCC. Unlike CA125, which was also elevated in patients with endometriosis and several EOC subtypes, serum TFPI2 levels were specifically elevated only in ovarian CCC patients, consistent with the mRNA expression pattern in tumor tissues. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of serum TFPI2 was obviously higher than that of CA125 for discrimination of CCC from other ovarian diseases (AUC = 0.891 versus 0.595). Applying a cut-off value of 280 pg/mL, TFPI2 could distinguish early-stage (FIGO I and II) CCC from endometriosis with 72.2% sensitivity, 93.3% specificity, and 88.8% accuracy. Similar results were confirmed in an independent 156-patient prospective validation set. CONCLUSIONS: TFPI2 is a useful serum biomarker for preoperative clinical diagnosis of CCC.

Value of serum human epididymis secretory protein 4 as a marker for differential diagnosis of malignant and benign gynecological diseases of patients in southern China.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the clinical value of HE4 in distinguishing malignant and benign gynecological diseases of patients in southern China. METHODS: Preoperative serum CA125 and HE4 concentrations were tested in samples of women with malignant or benign gynecological diseases using fully automated methods (Abbott ARCHITECT) and validated cutoff values. RESULTS: For the discrimination of ovarian cancer from benign gynecological diseases, in premenopausal women, the sensitivity and specificity were 89.8% and 67.5% for CA125, 68.5% and 97.8% for HE4, and 88.9% and 78.6% for ROMA, whereas in postmenopausal women, the sensitivity and specificity were 86.6% and 88.9% for CA125, 57.3% and 100% for HE4, and 85.4% and 94.4% for ROMA. For the discrimination of endometrial cancer from benign gynecological diseases, in premenopausal women, the sensitivity and specificity were 20.3% and 67.5% for CA125, 56.8% and 97.8% for HE4, and 74.3% and 78.6% for ROMA, whereas in postmenopausal women, the sensitivity and specificity were 17.8% and 88.9% for CA125, 31.5% and 100% for HE4, and 32.9% and 94.4% for ROMA. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that HE4 had better specificity than CA125 in discriminating ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer from benign gynecological diseases in southern China population.

Antioxidant status in blood of gynaecological patients: influence of diagnosis and reproductive factors.

Cancer of the reproductive tract is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. In this study we evaluated the influence of diagnostic categories, age and reproductive factors on antioxidant enzymes and lipid hydroperoxides in the blood of gynaecological patients diagnosed with endometrial polyp, myoma, hyperplasia simplex, hyperplasia complex and endometrial adenocarcinoma. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the association of diagnosis, age, parity, abortions and abnormal uterine bleeding with the examined parameters. Diagnosis provided the best predictive model for superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and also for the lipid hydroperoxide level. Abortions fitted the best predictive model for superoxide dismutase activity. A significant correlation was also found between the predictor variables themselves. This study showed that reproductive and other factors may be associated, at least partially, with antioxidant capacity and ability to defend against the oxidative damage in gynaecological patients with various diagnoses.

Increased human epididymis protein 4 in benign gynecological diseases complicated with chronic renal insufficiency patients.

We examined the serum concentration of human epididymis protein (HE4) in patients with benign gynecological diseases complicated with chronic renal deficiency and its significance in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant gynecological diseases. Serum HE4 and cancer antigen 125 concentrations were detected by chemiluminescence. Clinically or pathologically confirmed gynecological diseases were grouped and retrospectively analyzed, including 50 cases of gynecological benign diseases, 35 cases of non-mucinous epithelial ovarian carcinoma, 36 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma, 15 cases of gynecological benign diseases patients complicated with chronic renal deficiency, 15 cases of gynecological diseases without chronic renal deficiency, and 30 normal controls. Serum HE4 values in the ovarian cancer group, endometrial cancer group, gynecological benign diseases with chronic renal deficiency group, and chronic renal deficiency group were significantly increased compared with the benign gynecological diseases and normal control groups, showing a significant difference (P < 0.001). A comparison of 4 groups with high HE4 showed that the HE4 level in the 2 groups with renal deficiency were higher than those in the ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer groups, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05); there was no significant difference between 2 groups with renal deficiency (P > 0.05). Serum concentration of HE4 was high in patients with chronic renal deficiency, which should be distinguished during differential diagnosis of gynecological benign and malignant tumors in patients with chronic renal deficiency to avoid misdiagnosis.

Detection of serum IgG4 levels in patients with IgG4-related disease and other disorders.

OBJECTIVE: Elevated serum IgG4 levels are an important hallmark for diagnosing IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), but can also be observed in other diseases. This study aimed to compare two different testing methods for IgG4: ELISA and nephelometric assay. Both assays were used to measure serum IgG4 concentrations, and to assess the prevalence of high serum IgG4 levels in both IgG4-RD and non-IgG4-RD diseases. METHODS: A total of 80 serum samples were tested using the nephelometric assay and ELISA method that we established. Serum IgG4 concentrations were determined by ELISA for 957 patients with distinct diseases, including 12 cases of IgG4-RD and 945 cases of non-IgG4-RD. RESULTS: IgG4 levels from 80 selected serum samples examined by ELISA were in agreement with those detected using the nephelometry assay. Meanwhile, the serum IgG4 concentrations measured by ELISA were also consistent with the clinical diagnoses of patients with IgG4-RD during the course of disease. The Elevated levels of serum IgG4 (>1.35 g/L) were detected in all IgG4-RD (12/12) patients, and the prevalence of high IgG4 serum levels was 3.39% in non-IgG4-RD cases. Among them, the positive rates of serum IgG4 were 2.06% in patients with carcinoma and 6.3% in patients with other non-IgG4 autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSION: Our established ELISA method is a reliable and convenient technique, which could be extensively used in the clinic to measure serum IgG4 levels. High levels of IgG4 were observed in IgG4-RD. However, this phenomenon could also be observed in other diseases, such as carcinomas and other autoimmune diseases. Thus, a diagnosis of IgG4 disease cannot only be dependent on the detection of elevated serum IgG4 levels.

Cell-free nucleic acids as non-invasive biomarkers of gynecological cancers, ovarian, endometrial and obstetric disorders and fetal aneuploidy.

BACKGROUND: Proper folliculogenesis is fundamental to obtain a competent oocyte that, once fertilized, can support the acquisition of embryo developmental competence and pregnancy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of folliculogenesis, which are expressed in the cumulus-oocyte complex and in granulosa cells and some can also be found in the bloodstream. These circulating miRNAs are intensively studied and used as diagnostic/prognostic markers of many diseases, including gynecological and pregnancy disorders. In addition, serum contains small amounts of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), presumably resulting from the release of genetic material from apoptotic/necrotic cells. The quantification of nucleic acids in serum samples could be used as a diagnostic tool for female infertility. METHODS: An overview of the published literature on miRNAs, and particularly on the use of circulating miRNAs and cfDNA as non-invasive biomarkers of gynecological diseases, was performed (up to January 2014). RESULTS: In the past decade, cell-free nucleic acids have been studied for potential use as biomarkers in many diseases, particularly in gynecological cancers, ovarian and endometrial disorders, as well as in pregnancy-related pathologies and fetal aneuploidy. The data strongly suggest that the concentration of cell-free nucleic acids in serum from IVF patients or in embryo culture medium could be related to the ovarian hormone status and embryo quality, respectively, and be used as a non-invasive biomarker of IVF outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The profiling of circulating nucleic acids, such as miRNAs and cfDNA, opens new perspectives for the diagnosis/prognosis of ovarian disorders and for the prediction of IVF outcomes, namely (embryo quality and pregnancy).

HE4, Ca125 and ROMA algorithm for differential diagnosis between benign gynaecological diseases and ovarian cancer.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cancer antigen 125 (Ca125) and the risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) in discriminating ovarian cancer from other benign gynaecological diseases. Serum levels of HE4 and Ca125 were measured in 119 women with benign gynaecological diseases, 29 patients with primary ovarian cancer, 32 patients with ovarian cancer on chemotherapy treatment (18 of them with progressive disease), 6 patients treated and free of disease and 32 healthy women. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR ±) were calculated. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed, and the areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated. High serum levels for HE4, Ca125 and ROMA were observed in cancer patients. HE4 was elevated in 12.6 %, Ca125 in 21 % and ROMA in 9.2 % in the benign group, but HE4 was not elevated in endometriosis. The AUC values for HE4, Ca125 and ROMA were 0.92, 0.911 and 0.945 respectively. The sensitivity for discriminating ovarian cancer from benign gynaecological diseases was 86.2 % for HE4 and Ca125 and 93.1 % for ROMA. The specificity was 87.4, 78.9 and 90.7 % for HE4, Ca125 and ROMA. The overall positive likelihood ratio (LR+) was 6.84 for HE4, 4.1 for Ca125 and 10.01 for ROMA. In premenopausal women, LR + was 11.86 for HE4, 5.11 for ROMA and 2.02 for Ca125. HE4 might be significant in the differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer. HE4 seems to be superior to Ca125 in terms of diagnostic performance of all premenopausal women. ROMA could help to discriminate in cases with any doubt with a high diagnostic accuracy.

Balneotherapy and coenzyme Q10 in clinical and experimental medicine.

Balneotherapy or Spa therapy is used in neurological, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, dermatological and gynecological diseases, in infertility as well as in metabolic disturbances. Beneficial effects of balneotherapy at the metabolic level is not fully understood. Authors have documented enhancement of antioxidants concentrations (coenzyme Q10- CoQ(10-OX) and alpha-tocopherol) of women with gynecological diseases by treatment with natural mineral water (Spa Lucky balneotherapy, Slovakia). In an experiment with rats, drinking of Spa Lucky mineral water decreased oxidative stress and enhanced concentrations of antioxidants CoQ(9-OX), CoQ(10-OX) in the myocardium, and alpha-tocopherol in uterus, ovaries and myocardium. Drinking of Spa Lucky water by rats stimulated myocardial mitochondrial respiration and energy production, and diminished skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Simultaneous ingestion of coenzyme Q10 with drinking spa water returned mitochondrial parameters to the values of the control group. This pilot study helps explain the role of antioxidants, oxidative stress and mitochondrial energy production in beneficial effects of Spa Lucky balneotherapy.

Serum HE4 is more suitable as a biomarker than CA125 in Chinese women with benign gynecologic disorders.

OBJECTIVE: This study measured the human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and CA125 levels in Chinese women with benign gynecological disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sera were obtained from Chinese women prior to surgery for a pelvic mass and HE4 and CA125 levels were determined. The proportions of patients with HE4 and CA125 levels were compared. RESULTS: There were 68 Chinese women with benign diseases. HE4 levels were less elevated than CA125 (1% V.S. 29%, P<0.001). The significant difference was observed in patients with endometriosis/endometriomas in which HE4 was not elevated patients and CA125 was elevated in 53% (P<0.001). Serum HE4 level was not elevated in patients with cystadenoma (0% V.S. 23%, P<0.001) and in patients with germ cell tumors (0% V.S. 5%, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: HE4 was less elevated and more suitable as a biomarker than CA125 in chinese women with benign disease.