[Retrograde cholangiography performed with simple balloon-assisted enteroscopy in patients with altered anatomy by surgery in a private level III clinic]. / Colangiografía retrógrada realizada con enteroscopia asistida por balón simple en pacientes con anatomía alterada por cirugía en una clínica privada nivel III.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of retrograde cholangiography performed with simple balloon-assisted enteroscopy for the management of bile duct pathology in patients with altered anatomy by surgery at the Anglo American Clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective descriptive study where all patients with altered anatomy who came for bile duct problems to undergo a retrograde cholangiography assisted by simple balloon enteroscopy at the Anglo American Clinic during the January period from 2014 to January 2020. RESULTS: We performed 10 studies of retrograde cholangiography assisted by simple balloon enteroscopy. Cannulation of the bile duct was successful in 80% of our cases, in two cases the bile duct could not be located. The findings of the retrograde cholangiography were biliary stones in 7 cases, stenosis of the biliodigestive anastomosis in 5 cases, and an ampuloma. The most frequent therapeutic procedures were CRE progressive balloon dilation of the bilioenteric anastomosis and extraction of stones with a Dormia basket. There were no complications associated with the procedure. CONCLUSION: Retrograde cholangiography assisted by simple balloon enteroscopy is a safe and effective method to resolve biliary pathology in our patients with altered anatomy.

Colangiografía retrógrada realizada con enteroscopia asistida por balón simple en pacientes con anatomía alterada por cirugía en una clínica privada nivel III / Retrograde cholangiography performed with simple balloon-assisted enteroscopy in patients with altered anatomy by surgery in a private level III clinic

RESUMEN Objetivo : Evaluar la utilidad de la colangiografía retrógrada realizada con enteroscopia asistida por balón simple para el manejo de la patología de la via biliar en pacientes con anatomía alterada por cirugía en la Clínica Anglo Americana. Materiales y métodos : El presente es un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo donde se evalúan a todos los pacientes con anatomía alterada que acudieron por problemas de la via biliar para realizarse una colangiografía retrógrada asistida por enteroscopia con balón simple en la Clínica Anglo Americana durante el periodo de enero del 2014 a enero del 2020. Resultados : Realizamos 10 estudios de colangiografía retrógrada asistida por enteroscopia con balón simple. La canulación de la vía biliar fue exitosa en el 80% de nuestros casos, en dos casos no se pudo localizar la via biliar. Los hallazgos de la colangiografía retrógrada fueron litiasis de via biliar en 7 casos, estenosis de la anastomosis biliodigestiva en 5 casos y un ampuloma. Los procedimientos terapeúticos más frecuentes fueron dilatación con balón progresivo CRE de la anastomosis bilioentérica y extracción de litos con canastilla de Dormia. No se presentaron complicaciones asociadas al procedimiento. Conclusión : La colangiografía retrógrada asistida por enteroscopia con balón simple es un método seguro y eficaz para resolver la patología biliar en nuestros pacientes con anatomía alterada.

ABSTRACT Objective : To evaluate the usefulness of retrograde cholangiography performed with simple balloon-assisted enteroscopy for the management of bile duct pathology in patients with altered anatomy by surgery at the Anglo American Clinic. Materials and methods : This is a retrospective descriptive study where all patients with altered anatomy who came for bile duct problems to undergo a retrograde cholangiography assisted by simple balloon enteroscopy at the Anglo American Clinic during the January period from 2014 to January 2020. Results : We performed 10 studies of retrograde cholangiography assisted by simple balloon enteroscopy. Cannulation of the bile duct was successful in 80% of our cases, in two cases the bile duct could not be located. The findings of the retrograde cholangiography were biliary stones in 7 cases, stenosis of the biliodigestive anastomosis in 5 cases, and an ampuloma. The most frequent therapeutic procedures were CRE progressive balloon dilation of the bilioenteric anastomosis and extraction of stones with a Dormia basket. There were no complications associated with the procedure. Conclusion : Retrograde cholangiography assisted by simple balloon enteroscopy is a safe and effective method to resolve biliary pathology in our patients with altered anatomy.

Is Endoscopic Balloon Dilation Still Associated With Higher Rates of Pancreatitis?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD), endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES), and the combination of large balloon dilation and ES (ES + EPLBD) in the treatment of common bile duct stones, with a special focus on postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP). Individualized search strategies were developed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which evaluated at least one of the following outcomes: PEP, complete stone removal in the first ERCP, need for mechanical lithotripsy, recurrence of common bile duct stones, bleeding, and cholangitis. Twenty-five RCTs were selected for analysis. Pancreatitis rates were higher for EPBD than for ES (P = 0.003), as were severe pancreatitis rates (P = 0.04). However, in the 10-mm or greater balloon subgroup analysis, this difference was not shown (P = 0.82). Rates of PEP were higher in the subgroup of non-Asian subjects (P = 0.02), and the results were not robust when RCTs that used endoscopic nasobiliary drainage were omitted. The incidence of pancreatitis was comparable between EPLBD and ES + EPLBD. All 3 approaches were equally efficacious. Nevertheless, the results should be interpreted with caution, because pancreatitis is a multifactorial pathology, and RCTs can have limited generalizability.

Comparison between Enteroscopy-Based and Laparoscopy-Assisted ERCP for Accessing the Biliary Tree in Patients with Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Although balloon-assisted enteroscopy-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (BAE-ERCP) is a well-described means of accessing the duodenal papilla in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), it is associated with modest clinical success rates. Laparoscopy-assisted ERCP (LA-ERCP)-performed by advancing a standard duodenoscope through a gastrostomy into the excluded stomach and duodenum-has emerged as a viable alternative to BAE-ERCP, with apparently higher success rates. In this systematic review, we compare LA-ERCP with enteroscopy-based techniques in post-RYGB patients, including 22 case series that provided data on papilla identification, papilla cannulation, and complications. We found that LA-ERCP was superior to the enteroscopy-based techniques in its capacity to reach the duodenal papilla, although complication rates were lower for the latter. Comparative studies are needed in order to corroborate our findings.

Cápsula endoscópica: quando indicar seu uso? / Endoscopic capsule: when to indicate its use?

Muito do diagnóstico e tratamento das patologias do intestino delgado tem sido discutido e estudado na última década, desde a introdução da cápsula endoscópica na prática médica. Esta importante inovação tecnológica possibilitou o rompimento da última fronteira endoscópica do trato digestivo, permitindo o acesso endoscópico a toda a extensão do intestino delgado, o qual, devido a suas peculiaridades anatômicas e extensão, permanecia acessível somente à enteroscopia intraoperatória.

Both diagnosis and treatment of small intestine pathology has been discussed and studied in last decade since the introduction of endoscocopy capsule in medical practice. This important technological innovation allowed to break the last endoscopy borderline of digestive tract permitting endoscopy access for all extent of small intestine which due its anatomical peculiarities and extent remained accessible only to intraoperative enteroscopy.

Enteroscopía como método diagnóstico para neoplasias de intestino delgado / Enteroscopy as a diagnostic method for neoplasms of small intestine

Las neoplasias del tubo digestivo constituyen un verdadero reto para el médico. Hasta hace unos años el estudio de la patología del intestino delgado se realizaba a través de métodos no invasivos de visión indirecta (tránsito intestinal, tomografía computarizada axial, resonancia magnética nuclear o gammagrafía) o métodos invasivos de visión directa que exploraban la totalidad de intestino delgado a través de cirugías abdominales (enteroscopía intraoperatoria). Con el inicio de la enteroscopía por pulsión los tumores benignos o malignos localizados entre la 2° porción del duodeno y la válvula ileocecal, han dejado de ser diagnósticos apegados a procedimientos con baja sensibilidad o una elevada tasa de complicaciones. La facilidad con la cual la enteroscopía puede realizar un diagnóstico histopatológico a través de la toma de muestras o la realización de un tratamiento terapéutico lo vuelven una herramienta útil para el médico y la búsqueda de tumores del intestino delgado. El presente caso corresponde a un paciente masculino, de 64 años, conocido por una enfermedad diverticular, quien presenta síntomas constitucionales que hacen sospechar una neoplasia del tracto digestivo; se realiza una endoscopia de tubo digestivo superior la cual es normal, luego una Tomografía Axial Computarizada Abdominal que muestra una lesión a nivel de la 4° porción del duodeno en la que no puede establecerse su origen intra o extra-luminal, hasta que se realiza una enteroscopía como un método diagnóstico.