Effect of different concentrations of inulin on ram sperm quality during cryopreservation.

BACKGROUND: In reproductive biotechnology, sperm cryopreservation has a vital role to play. Cryopreservation of sperm produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which disrupt sperm function and structural competence. Numerous protective chemicals, including fructans, have been used during sperm cryopreservation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of different concentrations of the fructosan inulin on ram sperm quality parameters, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) production after freezing and thawing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pooled samples from four healthy rams were divided into seven equal aliquots and diluted in a Tris-base extender supplemented with 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 28 mM of inulin or without inulin supplementation (control). By using liquid nitrogen vapor, the semen was frozen and stored at 196 degree C. RESULTS: The total motility, viability, and DNA integrity were significantly improved after freeze-thawing with 28 mM inulin, compared to other treatment groups (P < 0.05). A Tris-based extender containing 16 and 28 mM of inulin displayed the highest levels of ram sperm membrane integrity when compared with the control (p <0.05). The abnormality of ram sperm was increased during freeze-thawing at control and 1 mM of inulin, compared to 16 and 28 mM of inulin (P < 0.05). Additionally, 28 mM of inulin decreased MDA and increased SOD activity in ram sperm in comparison with the other treatments (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: As a result, 28 mM of inulin could be beneficial for the cryopreservation industry and reduce the harmful effects of freeze-thawing on ram sperm. Doi.org/10.54680/fr24510110512.

The use of mare's milk for yogurt ice cream and synbiotic ice cream production.

During the last years, growing interest in the use of mare's milk in food production is observed. The subject of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of mare's milk for the production of yogurt ice cream and synbiotic ice cream. Four variants of mare's milk ice cream were developed: ice cream with yogurt bacteria without inulin (YO) and with 2% of inulin (YO+I), synbiotic ice cream with 2% inulin and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LCR+I) and with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP+I). Ice creams were enriched with inulin in order to evaluate its influence on the viability of LAB and on the product quality. Physicochemical, textural and sensory analyses were performed. Count of viable bacteria cells was also evaluated. Obtained ice creams did not differ in terms of protein, fat and total solids content (1.85-1.91%, 7.33-7.58% and 24.66-26.96% respectively), but differed in acidity. Ice cream YO, the only one without inulin, had the highest acidity, what suggests that inulin decrease this parameter. Regardless the type of LAB starter culture and inulin addition, samples had the same range of overrun (35.20-44.03%) and melting rate (73.49-79.87%). However the variant of ice cream influenced textural properties and colour parameters. All obtained mare's milk ice creams had high overall sensory quality. It was noticed, that ice cream with inulin had higher count of LAB (>7logCFU/g), than sample without inulin (>6logCFU/g). In conclusion, mare's milk may be considered as feasible raw material for yogurt ice cream and synbiotic ice cream production.

Dietary Fiber's Physicochemical Properties and Gut Bacterial Dysbiosis Determine Fiber Metabolism in the Gut.

A fiber-rich diet is considered beneficial for gut health. An inflamed gut with a dysbiotic bacterial community can result in altered fiber metabolism depending on the fiber's physicochemical properties. This study examined the effect of fiber's physicochemical properties on fiber fermentation in the presence of healthy and colitis-associated bacteria. Sixteen fibers with different levels of solubility, complexity, and fermentation rate were used in in vitro fermentation with healthy human gut bacteria. Resistant maltodextrins (RMD), pectin (HMP), inulin (ChIn), and wheat bran (WB) were selected for fermentation using ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated bacteria to assess bacterial dysbiosis effect. UC-associated gut microbiota showed a significant reduction in α-and ß-diversity indices compared to healthy-associated microbiota. The differences in the gut microbiota composition and diversity between the donors resulted in decreased fermentation rates with UC-associated bacteria. Fiber fermentation metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and gas production were significantly lower in the presence of UC-associated bacteria for all four fibers tested. Overall, we conclude that dietary fiber properties and microbial dysbiosis are influential in fiber fermentation and metabolite production in the gut.

Mix-match synthesis of nanosynbiotics from probiotics and prebiotics to counter gut dysbiosis via AI integrated formulation profiling.

Antibiotics, improper food, and stress have created a dysbiotic state in the gut and almost 81% of the world's population has been affected due to the pandemic of COVID-19 and the prevalence of dengue virus in the past few years. The main intent of this study is to synthesize nanosynbiotics as nu traceuticals by combining probiotics, and prebiotics with nanoformulation. The effectiveness of the nanosynbiotics was evaluated using a variety of Nutra-pharmacogenetic assays leading to an AI-integrated formulation profiling was assessed by using machine learning methods. Consequently, Acetobacter oryzoeni as a probiotic and inulin as a prebiotic has been chosen and iron-mediated nanoformulation of symbiotic is achieved. Nanosynbiotics possessed 89.4, 96.7, 93.57, 83.53, 88.53% potential powers of Nutra-pharmacogenetic assays. Artificial intelligent solid dispersion formulation of nanosynbiotics has high dissolution, absorption, distribution, and synergism, in addition, they are non-tox, non-allergen and have a docking score of - 10.83 kcal/mol, implying the best interaction with Pregnane X receptor involved in dysbiosis. The potential of nanosynbiotics to revolutionize treatment strategies through precise targeting and modulation of the gut microbiome for improved health outcomes and disease management is promising. Their transformational influence is projected to be powered by integration with modern technology and customized formulas. Further in-vivo studies are required for the validation of nanosynbiotics as nutraceuticals.

Multistrategy Engineering of an Inulosucrase to Enhance the Activity and Thermostability for Efficient Production of Microbial Inulin.

Inulin has found commercial applications in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food industries due to its beneficial health effects. The enzymatic biosynthesis of microbial inulin has garnered increasing attention. In this study, molecular modification was applied to Lactobacillus mulieris UMB7800 inulosucrase, an enzyme that specifically produces high-molecular weight inulin, to enhance its catalytic activity and thermostability. Among the 18 variable regions, R5 was identified as a crucial region significantly impacting enzymatic activity by replacing it with more conserved sequences. Site-directed mutagenesis combined with saturated mutagenesis revealed that the mutant A250 V increased activity by 68%. Additionally, after screening candidate mutants by rational design, four single-point mutants, S344D, H434P, E526D, and G531P, were shown to enhance thermostability. The final combinational mutant, M5, exhibited a 66% increase in activity and a 5-fold enhancement in half-life at 55 °C. These findings are significant for understanding the catalytic activity and thermostability of inulosucrase and are promising for the development of microbial inulin biosynthesis platforms.

Inulin Supplementation Alleviates Ochratoxin A-Induced Kidney Injury through Modulating Intestinal Microbiota.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a prevalent mycotoxin found in feed that causes significant kidney injury in animals. Further investigation was needed to devise strategies for treating OTA-induced kidney damage through the gut-kidney axis. Evidence indicates the crucial role of intestinal microbiota in kidney damage development. Inulin, a dietary fiber, protects kidneys by modulating intestinal microbiota and promoting short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. However, its precise mechanism in OTA-induced kidney damage remained unclear. In this study, chickens were orally administered OTA and inulin for 2 weeks to investigate inulin's effects on OTA-induced kidney damage and underlying mechanisms. The alteration of intestinal microbiota, SCFAs contents, and SCFA receptors was further analyzed. Results demonstrated that inulin supplementation influenced intestinal microbiota, increased SCFAs production, and mitigated OTA-induced kidney damage in chickens. The importance of microbiota in mediating inulin's renal protection was further confirmed by antibiotic and fecal microbiota transplantation experiments. Additionally, inulin exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, alleviating NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. In summary, inulin protected chickens from OTA-induced kidney damage, which might provide a potential strategy to mitigate the harmful effects of mycotoxins through prebiotics and safeguard renal health.

Dietary fiber induces a fat preference associated with the gut microbiota.

Eating behavior is essential to human health. However, whether future eating behavior is subjected to the conditioning of preceding dietary composition is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary fiber consumption on subsequent nutrient-specific food preferences between palatable high-fat and high-sugar diets and explore its correlation with the gut microbiota. C57BL/6NJcl male mice were subjected to a 2-week dietary intervention and fed either a control (n = 6) or inulin (n = 6) diet. Afterward, all mice were subjected to a 3-day eating behavioral test to self-select from the simultaneously presented high-fat and high-sugar diets. The test diet feed intakes were recorded, and the mice's fecal samples were analyzed to evaluate the gut microbiota composition. The inulin-conditioned mice exhibited a preference for the high-fat diet over the high-sugar diet, associated with distinct gut microbiota composition profiles between the inulin-conditioned and control mice. The gut microbiota Oscillospiraceae sp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Clostridiales sp. positively correlated with a preference for fat. Further studies with fecal microbiota transplantation and eating behavior-related neurotransmitter analyses are warranted to establish the causal role of gut microbiota on host food preferences. Food preferences induced by dietary intervention are a novel observation, and the gut microbiome may be associated with this preference.

Analysis of NADES and its water tailoring effects constructed from inulin and L-proline based on structure, physicochemical and antifreeze properties.

The structure, physicochemical and anti-freeze properties of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) composed of inulin and L-proline (molar ratio of 1:11) were investigated. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy revealed extensive hydrogen bonding in the pure NADES system, and the addition of water weakens the hydrogen bonding interactions between the components. The smaller transverse relaxation time (T2) represents the stronger hydrogen bond strength, and NADES+40 % H2O exhibited a large T2 (71.68 ms). When 10 % water was added, the viscosity decreased from 3620 mPa·s to 1777 mPa·s, but the conductivity increased to approximately twice the original value. Furthermore, adding 10 % water lowered the glass transition temperature (Tg) of NADES by 5.6 °C. NADES+10 % H2O exhibited favorable thermal stability and freezing resistance, as evidenced by the fact that approximately 82.61 % of the ice crystals area <200 µm2 after 30 min of crystallization. The changes in the structure, physicochemical, and anti-freezing properties of water-tailored NADES are expected to enable the design of novel antifreeze agents.

Inulin enhanced rifaximin-inhibited colon cancer pulmonary metastasis by flora-regulated bile acid pathway.

Inulin as a natural polysaccharide regulates intestinal microorganisms, and improves the immune and gastrointestinal function. In order to explore the effect of inulin on pulmonary metastasis of colon cancer, we set up a CT26 injected pulmonary metastatic model. The results showed that inulin used alone did not improve pulmonary metastasis of colon cancer, while inulin combined with rifaximin significantly prolonged the survival time of mice, and inhibited pulmonary metastasis compared with model and inulin groups. Inulin treatment increased the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, while combined treatment decreased their abundance and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria containing Firmicutes and Eubacterium which belonged to the bile acid-related bacteria. The combination treatment decreased the content of primary bile acids and secondary bile acids in the feces of mice, especial for DCA and LCA which were the agonists of TGR5. Furthermore, the combination treatment reduced the mRNA expression of the TGR5, cyclin dependent kinase 4, cyclin 1 and CDK2, increased the mRNA expression of p21 in the lung, down-regulated the level of NF-κB p65, and up-regulated the level of TNF-α compared with the model group. The above may be the reason for the better use of the combination treatment.

Investigating the response of the butyrate production potential to major fibers in dietary intervention studies.

Interventions involving dietary fibers are known to benefit host health. A leading contribution of gut microbiota is commonly recognized with production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) suspected to play a key role. However, the detailed mechanisms are largely unknown, and apart from a well-described bifidogenic effect of some fibers, results for other bacterial taxa are often incongruent between studies. We performed pooled analyses of 16S rRNA gene data derived from intervention studies (n = 14) based on three fibers, namely, inulin-type fructans (ITF), resistant starch (RS), and arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS), harmonizing the bioinformatics workflow to reveal taxa stimulated by those substrates, specifically focusing on the SCFA-production potential. The results showed an increased butyrate production potential after ITF (p < 0.05) and RS (p < 0.1) treatment via an increase in bacteria exhibiting the enzyme butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase (but) that was governed by Faecalibacterium, Anaerostipes (ITF) and Agathobacter (RS) respectively. AXOS did not promote an increase in butyrate producers, nor were pathways linked to propionate production stimulated by any intervention. A bifidogenic effect was observed for AXOS and ITF, which was only partly associated with the behavior of but-containing bacteria and largely represented a separate response. Low and high Ruminococcus abundances pre-intervention for ITF and RS, respectively, promoted an increase in but-containing taxa (p < 0.05) upon interventions, whereas initial Prevotella abundance was negatively associated with responses of butyrate producers for both fibers. Collectively, our data demonstrate targeted stimulation of specific taxa by individual fibers increasing the potential to synthesize butyrate, where gut microbiota composition pre-intervention strongly controlled outcomes.

Structural Insights into the Catalytic Cycle of Inulin Fructotransferase: From Substrate Anchoring to Product Releasing.

Carbohydrate degradation is crucial for living organisms due to their essential functions in providing energy and composing various metabolic pathways. Nevertheless, in the catalytic cycle of polysaccharide degradation, the details of how the substrates bind and how the products release need more case studies. Here, we choose an inulin fructotransferase (SpIFTase) as a model system, which can degrade inulin into functionally difructose anhydride I. At first, the crystal structures of SpIFTase in the absence of carbohydrates and complex with fructosyl-nystose (GF4), difructose anhydride I, and fructose are obtained, giving the substrate trajectory and product path of SpIFTase, which are further supported by steered molecular dynamics simulations (MDSs) along with mutagenesis. Furthermore, structural topology variations at the active centers of inulin fructotransferases are suggested as the structural base for product release, subsequently proven by substitution mutagenesis and MDSs. Therefore, this study provides a case in point for a deep understanding of the catalytic cycle with substrate trajectory and product path.

Boosting resistant starch in rice: Bacterial inulin as a metabolic and glucose uptake modulator.

Bacillus stercoris PSSR12 (B. stercoris PE), an isolate from rice field soils, was identified via 16s rRNA sequencing. The synthesis of the inulin and inulin producing enzyme (IPE) in B. stercoris PE was verified using SDS-PAGE and FTIR. This study aimed to assess the impact of B. stercoris PE treatment on in vitro inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase from traditional and commercial rice varieties of South India. Additionally, the study investigated enzymatic inhibition and mRNA expression of starch synthesis genes (RAmy1a, GBSSIa, SBEIIa, and SBEIIb). Glucose transporter gene expression (GLUT1 and GLUT4) patterns were analyzed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes to evaluate glucose uptake in B. stercoris PE treated rice varieties. The application of B. stercoris PE enhanced grain quality by imparting starch ultra-structural rigidity, inhibiting starch metabolizing enzymes, and inducing molecular changes in starch synthesis genes. This approach holds promise for managing type II diabetes mellitus and potentially reducing insulin dependence.

The effect and potential mechanism of inulin combined with fecal microbiota transplantation on early intestinal immune function in chicks.

Our previous research found that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and inulin synergistically affected the intestinal barrier and immune system function in chicks. However, does it promote the early immunity of the poultry gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)? How does it regulate the immunity? We evaluated immune-related indicators in the serum, cecal tonsil, and intestine to determine whether FMT synergistic inulin had a stronger impact on gut health and which gene expression regulation was affected. The results showed that FMT synergistic inulin increased TGF-ß secretion and intestinal goblet cell number and MUC2 expression on day 14. Expression of BAFFR, PAX5, CXCL12, and IL-2 on day 7 and expression of CXCR4 and IL-2 on day 14 in the cecal tonsils significantly increased. The transcriptome indicated that CD28 and CTLA4 were important regulatory factors in intestinal immunity. Correlation analysis showed that differential genes were related to the immunity and development of the gut and cecal tonsil. FMT synergistic inulin promoted the development of GALT, which improved the early-stage immunity of the intestine by regulating CD28 and CTLA4. This provided new measures for replacing antibiotic use and reducing the use of therapeutic drugs while laying a technical foundation for achieving anti-antibiotic production of poultry products.

Weight, habitual fibre intake, and microbiome composition predict tolerance to fructan supplementation.

Fructans are commonly used as dietary fibre supplements for their ability to promote the growth of beneficial gut microbes. However, fructan consumption has been associated with various dosage-dependent side effects. We characterised side effects in an exploratory analysis of a randomised trial in healthy adults (n = 40) who consumed 18 g/day inulin or placebo. We found that individuals weighing more or habitually consuming higher fibre exhibited the best tolerance. Furthermore, we identified associations between gut microbiome composition and host tolerance. Specifically, higher levels of Christensenellaceae R-7 group were associated with gastrointestinal discomfort, and a machine-learning-based approach successfully predicted high levels of flatulence, with [Ruminococcus] torques group and (Oscillospiraceae) UCG-002 sp. identified as key predictive taxa. These data reveal trends that can help guide personalised recommendations for initial inulin dosage. Our results support prior ecological findings indicating that fibre supplementation has the greatest impact on individuals whose baseline fibre intake is lowest.

Effect of Intake of Bifidobacteria and Dietary Fiber on Resting Energy Expenditure: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Comparison Study.

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 in combination with inulin has been shown to have several health benefits, including an improvement in the intestinal microbiota and a reduction in human visceral fat. Previous studies have suggested that the visceral fat reduction of GCL2505 and inulin may be achieved by improving daily energy expenditure. This parallel, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the effects of GCL2505 and inulin on resting energy expenditure (REE) in overweight or mildly obese Japanese adults (n = 44). Participants ingested 1 × 1010 colony forming units of GCL2505 and 5.0 g of inulin daily for 4 weeks. REE score at week 4 was set as the primary endpoint. At week 4, the REE score of the GCL2505 and inulin group was significantly higher than that of the placebo group, with a difference of 84.4 kcal/day. In addition, fecal bifidobacteria counts were significantly increased in the GCL2505 and inulin group. Our results indicated that the intake of GCL2505 and inulin improves energy balance, which is known to be a major factor of obesity, by modulating the microbiota in the gut. This is the first report to demonstrate the effects of probiotics and dietary fiber on REE in humans.

Pulsed Electric Field-Assisted Extraction of Inulin from Ecuadorian Cabuya (Agave americana).

Inulin is a carbohydrate that belongs to fructans; due to its health benefits, it is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this research, cabuya (Agave americana) was employed to obtain inulin by pulsed electric field-assisted extraction (PEFAE) and FTIR analysis confirmed its presence. The influence of PEFAE operating parameters, namely, electric field strength (1, 3 and 5 kV/cm), pulse duration (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 ms), number of pulses (10,000, 20,000 and 40,000) and work cycle (20, 50 and 80%) on the permeabilization index and energy expenditure were tested. Also, once the operating conditions for PEFAE were set, the temperature for conventional extraction (CE) and PEFAE were defined by comparing extraction kinetics. The cabuya meristem slices were exposed to PEFAE to obtain extracts that were quantified, purified and concentrated. The inulin was isolated by fractional precipitation with ethanol to be characterized. The highest permeabilization index and the lowest energy consumption were reached at 5 kV/cm, 0.5 ms, 10,000 pulses and 20%. The same extraction yield and approximately the same amount of inulin were obtained by PEFAE at 60 °C compared to CE at 80 °C. Despite, the lower amount of inulin obtained by PEFAE in comparison to CE, its quality was better because it is mainly constituted of inulin of high average polymerization degree with more than 38 fructose units. In addition, TGA analyses showed that inulin obtained by PEFAE has a lower thermal degradation rate than the obtained by CE and to the standard.

Non-invasive VOCs detection to monitor the gut microbiota metabolism in-vitro.

This work implemented a non-invasive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) monitoring approach to study how food components are metabolised by the gut microbiota in-vitro. The fermentability of a model food matrix rich in dietary fibre (oat bran), and a pure prebiotic (inulin), added to a minimal gut medium was compared by looking at global changes in the volatilome. The substrates were incubated with a stabilised human faecal inoculum over a 24-h period, and VOCs were monitored without interfering with biological processes. The fermentation was performed in nitrogen-filled vials, with controlled temperature, and tracked by automated headspace-solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. To understand the molecular patterns over time, we applied a multivariate longitudinal statistical framework: repeated measurements-ANOVA simultaneous component analysis. The methodology was able to discriminate the studied groups by looking at VOCs temporal profiles. The volatilome showed a time-dependency that was more distinct after 12 h. Short to medium-chain fatty acids showed increased peak intensities, mainly for oat bran and for inulin, but with different kinetics. At the same time, alcohols, aldehydes, and esters showed distinct trends with discriminatory power. The proposed approach can be applied to study the intertwined pathways of gut microbiota food components interaction in-vitro.

Anticandidal Activity of Various Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains and Their Efficacy Enhanced by Prebiotic Supplementation.

Probiotics and prebiotics have been considered as alternative approaches for promoting health. This study aimed to investigate the anticandidal potential of various probiotic Lactobacillus strains and their cell-free supernatants (CFSs). The study assessed the impact of inulin and some fruits as prebiotics on the growth of selected probiotic strains in relation to their anticandidal activity, production of short-chain fatty acids, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. Results revealed variations in anticandidal activity based on the specific strains and forms of probiotics used. Non-adjusted CFSs were the most effective against Candida strains, followed by probiotic cells and adjusted CFSs (pH 7). Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus SD4, L. rhamnosus SD11 and L. rhamnosus GG displayed the strongest anticandidal activity. Non-adjusted CFSs from L. rhamnosus SD11, L. rhamnosus SD4 and L. paracasei SD1 exhibited notable anticandidal effects. The adjusted CFSs of L. rhamnosus SD11 showed the highest anticandidal activity against all non-albicans Candida (NAC) strains, whereas the others were ineffective. Supplementation of L. rhamnosus SD11 with prebiotics, particularly 2% (w/v) mangosteen, exhibited positive results in promoting probiotic growth, short-chain fatty acids production, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant activity, and the subsequent enhancing anticandidal activity against both C. albicans and NAC strains compared to conditions without prebiotics. In conclusion, both live cells and CFSs of tested strains, particularly L. rhamnosus SD11, exhibited the best anticandidal activity. Prebiotics supplementation, especially mangosteen, enhanced probiotic growth and beneficial metabolites against Candida growth. These finding suggested that probiotics and prebiotic supplementation may be an effective alternative treatment for Candida infections.

Synthesis and characterization of novel carboxymethyl inulin derivatives bearing cationic Schiff bases with antioxidant potential.

This study aimed to enhance the antioxidant activity of carboxymethyl inulin (CMI) by chemical modification. Therefore, a series of cationic Schiff bases bearing heteroatoms were synthesized and incorporated into CMI via ion exchange reactions, ultimately preparing 10 novel CMI derivatives (CMID). Their structures were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The radical scavenging activities and reducing power of inulin, CMI, and CMID were studied. The results revealed a significant enhancement in antioxidant activity upon the introduction of cationic Schiff bases into CMI. Compared to commercially available antioxidant Vc, CMID demonstrated a broader range of antioxidant activities across the four antioxidant systems analyzed in this research. In particular, CMID containing quinoline (6QSCMI) exhibited the strongest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, with a scavenging rate of 93.60 % at 1.6 mg mL-1. The CMID bearing imidazole (2MSCMI) was able to scavenge 100 % of the DPPH radical at 1.60 mg mL-1. Furthermore, cytotoxicity experiments showed that the products had good biocompatibility. These results are helpful for evaluating the feasibility of exploiting these products in the food, biomedical, and cosmetics industries.

Can Diet Alter the Intestinal Barrier Permeability in Healthy People? A Systematic Review.

Dietary factors can modify the function of the intestinal barrier, causing permeability changes. This systematic review analyzed evidence on the link between diet or dietary interventions and changes in intestinal barrier permeability (IBP) in healthy individuals. A systematic search for primary studies was conducted using the virtual databases EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus. This review adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, assessing the methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies and ROB 2.0 for randomized clinical trials. Out of 3725 studies recovered, 12 were eligible for review. Chicory inulin and probiotics reduced IBP in adults with a moderate GRADE level of evidence. The opposite result was obtained with fructose, which increased IBP in adults, with a very low GRADE level of evidence. Only intervention studies with different dietary components were found, and few studies evaluated the effect of specific diets on the IBP. Thus, there was no strong evidence that diet or dietary interventions increase or decrease IBP in healthy individuals. Studies on this topic are necessary, with a low risk of bias and good quality of evidence generated, as there is still little knowledge on healthy populations.