Prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are chronic conditions, which have a higher risk of transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to answer the question: "What is the prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders among adults?" Studies reporting the prevalence of these conditions (leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral submucous fibrosis [OSMF], and actinic cheilitis) were selected, only studies in which a clinical assessment and histopathological confirmation were performed were included. Of the 5513 studies, 22 met the inclusion criteria for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The risk of bias (RoB) of the selected studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. Seven studies were classified as high risk, 12 as moderate risk, and 3 as low RoB. The meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of OPMD was 4.47% (95% CI = 2.43-7.08). The most prevalent OPMDs were OSMF (4.96%; 95% CI = 2.28-8.62) and leukoplakia (4.11%; 95% CI = 1.98-6.97). OPMDs were identified more commonly in males (59.99%; 95% CI = 41.27-77.30). Asian and South American/Caribbean populations had the highest prevalence rates of 10.54% (95% CI = 4.60-18.55) and 3.93% (95% CI = 2.43-5.77), respectively. The overall prevalence of OPMD worldwide was 4.47%, and males were more frequently affected by these disorders. The prevalence of OPMD differs between populations; therefore, further population-based studies may contribute to the better understanding of these differences.

Oral leukoplakia in a South African sample: a clinicopathological study.

OBJECTIVE: This study analysed differences in clinicopathological features of oral leukoplakia in different racial groups in the greater Johannesburg area of South Africa, with emphasis on the black population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The retrospective review included cases diagnosed clinically as oral leukoplakia and histologically as hyperkeratosis without dysplasia, hyperkeratosis with mild, moderate or severe dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ from 1990 to 2010. Age, gender, ethnicity, clinical appearance, site of lesion and tobacco smoking habit were recorded. RESULTS: Fourteen per cent of oral leukoplakia occurred in black South Africans compared with 80% in white South Africans. In contrast to whites, blacks were diagnosed with oral leukoplakia at a younger age; there were more men affected than women; and the proportion of idiopathic leukoplakia was greater. There were significantly more blacks (23%) than whites (13%) with non-homogenous leukoplakia and significantly more whites (51%) than blacks (23%) with dysplastic oral leukoplakia. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that oral leukoplakia, especially non-homogenous and idiopathic forms affects South African blacks less frequently than white South Africans; and in the former, it occurs more in men and at a younger age. These findings may provide some guidance in establishing screening policies for oral cancer, particularly suited for blacks.

Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: a retrospective cohort study of 218 Chinese patients.

BACKGROUND: Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the best-known potentially malignant disorder. A new binary system to grade dysplasia was proposed by WHO, but the biological significance in predicting malignant transformation risk is unknown. The objective of this study is to estimate the rate of malignant transformation in a long-term follow-up cohort, explore the usefulness of the new binary system of grading dysplasia and identify significant risk factors of OL malignant transformation in China. METHODS: A total of 218 patients with clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of OL were retrospectively reviewed. They were selected among all archived files at the Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The mean follow-up period was 5.3 years. RESULTS: Among 218 cases, 39 (17.9%) OL patients developed oral cancer, with a mean duration of 5.2 years. Cox regression analysis revealed that dysplasia was an independent risk factor for OL malignant transformation, but age, gender, lesion site, diet habit, smoking and ethanol intake were not risk factors. High-risk dysplastic OL was associated with a 4.57-fold (95% confidence interval, 2.36-8.84; P < 0.001) increased risk of malignant transformation, compared with low-risk dysplasia. Consistent with this result, high-risk dysplastic OL had significantly higher malignant incidence than low-risk dysplasia, particularly during the first 2-3 years of follow-up, by Kaplan-Meier analysis (Log-rank test, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The new binary system's function in predicting OL malignant transformation risk was investigated in this survey. The utilization of high-risk dysplasia as a significant indicator for evaluating malignant transformation risk in patients with OL was suggested, which may be helpful to guide treatment selection in clinical practice.

Aspectos histopatológicos y parasitológicos de la infectación bucal por sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis: a propósito de un caso / Aspects histopathology and parasithologic of the infectation buccal for sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis: a purpose of a case

La invasión de tejidos humanos, animales vivos, muertos por larvas de distintos géneros de moscas se denomina miasis. Distintas especies de moscas pueden estar involucradas, una Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis. La miasis bucal fue descrita por primera vez en 1909 (Laurence); son pocos los casos documentados en la literatura biomédica. Se presenta una paciente con demencia senil, leucoplaquia en paladar duro, de la cual se toma biopsia: diagnóstico histopatológico y parasitológico: infestación por S. haemorrhoidalis. Descripción: paciente femenino 81 años de edad, antecedentes de helmintiasis no especificada diagnóstico de demencia senil, antecedente de salida de helmintos por cavidad bucal. Se toma muestra lesión en paladar duro. Histopatología reveló presencia de larva recubierta por banda eosinofílica refringente aspecto quitinoso con pared muscular, inmersa en fondo de detritus celulares y fragmentos de músculo esquelético. Desde el punto de vista parasitológico, de acuerdo a características morfológicas, la presencia de espinas quitinosas y fibras musculares correspondientes a larvas de moscas. En virtud de localización, y características antes descritas se sustenta etiología de Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis. Los casos de miasis bucal se reportan con mayor frecuencia en pacientes epilécticos con labios lacerados posterior a ataques convulsivos, en niños con alteraciones en labios, con hábitos de succión de dedos, pacientes con enfermedad periodontal avanzada, antecedentes de extracción dental, neoplasias mucosa bucal y enfermedades con predisposición a mantener la boca abierta. Sólo existen 3 casos de miasis palatina reportados. Con la resugencia de enfermedades tropicales, la miasis bucal debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de lesiones en cavidad bucal.

Epidemiological survey of oral submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia in aborigines of Taiwan.

A population-based survey was designed to investigate the prevalence of areca/betel quid chewing, oral submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia in a typical aboriginal community of southern Taiwan. Three hundred and twelve people 20 years of age or older were collected in the study. The prevalence of chewing areca/betel quid was 69.5%, with an average of 17.3 portions a day for an average 24.4 years. More women (78.7%) than men (60.6%) chewed areca/betel quid. The prevalences of oral submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia were 17.6% and 24.4%, respectively. It was found that the odds ratio for chewing areca/betel quid and having at least one of the above oral mucosal lesions was 8.21. Any additional smoking or drinking habits were not significant for having oral mucosal lesions. Although the areca/betel quid in Taiwan does not contain any tobacco, a significant association was still identified between areca/betel quid chewing and oral mucosal lesions.