Infecções por vírus respiratórios em lactentes com suspeita clínica de coqueluche / Respiratory viral infections in infants with clinically suspected pertussis

OBJETIVO: avaliar a frequência das infecções por vírus respiratórios em lactentes hospitalizados com suspeita clínica de coqueluche e analisar suas características admissionais e evolutivas. MÉODOS: foi realizado um estudo de coorte histórica, em um serviço sentinela para coqueluche, no qual a pesquisa de vírus respiratórios também foi rotineira para os lactentes hospitalizados com problemas respiratórios. Foram incluídos todos os lactentes submetidos à notificação compulsória de suspeita de coqueluche. Foram realizadas pesquisas para Bordetela pertussis - BP (PCR/cultura) e vírus respiratórios - VR (imunofluorescência). Foram excluídos os pacientes que haviam recebido macrolídeos previamente à internação. Os dados clínicos foram obtidos dos prontuários. RESULTADOS: dentre os 67 pacientes analisados, a pesquisa para BP foi positiva em 44% e para VR em 26%. Não houve identificação etiológica em 35% e em 5% houve codetecção de VR e BP. Todos os pacientes apresentaram características demográficas semelhantes. A presença de tosse seguida de guincho inspiratório ou cianose foi um forte preditor de coqueluche, assim como, leucocitose e linfocitose evidentes. Coriza e dispneia foram mais frequentes nas infecções virais. Houve suspensão do uso de macrolídeos em 40% dos pacientes com pesquisa positiva para VR e negativa para BP. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados sugerem que lactentes hospitalizados com suspeita de coqueluche podem apresentar infecção viral e a pesquisa etiológica pode possibilitar a redução do uso de macrolídeos em alguns casos. No entanto, salienta-se que o diagnóstico etiológico de infecção por vírus respiratórios, por si só, não exclui a possibilidade de infecção por Bordetella pertussis.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the frequency of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized infants with clinical suspicion of pertussis, and to analyze their characteristics at hospital admission and clinical outcomes. METHODS: a historical cohort study was performed in a reference service for pertussis, in which the research of respiratory viruses was also a routine for infants hospitalized with respiratory problems. All infants reported as suspected cases of pertussis were included. Tests for Bordetella pertussis (BP) (polymerase chain reaction/culture) and for respiratory viruses (RVs) (immunofluorescence) were performed. Patients who received macrolides before hospitalization were excluded. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. RESULTS: among the 67 patients studied, BP tests were positive in 44%, and 26% were positive for RV. There was no etiological identification in 35%, and RV combined with BP was identified in 5%. All patients had similar demographic characteristics. Cough followed by inspiratory stridor or cyanosis was a strong predictor of pertussis, as well as prominent leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. Rhinorrhea and dyspnea were more frequent in viral infections. Macrolides were discontinued in 40% of patients who tested positive for RV and negative for BP. CONCLUSION: the results suggest that viral infection can be present in hospitalized infants with clinical suspicion of pertussis, and etiological tests may enable a reduction in the use of macrolides in some cases. However, the etiological diagnosis of respiratory virus infection, by itself, does not exclude the possibility of infection with BP.

Respiratory viral infections in infants with clinically suspected pertussis.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the frequency of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized infants with clinical suspicion of pertussis, and to analyze their characteristics at hospital admission and clinical outcomes. METHODS: a historical cohort study was performed in a reference service for pertussis, in which the research of respiratory viruses was also a routine for infants hospitalized with respiratory problems. All infants reported as suspected cases of pertussis were included. Tests for Bordetella pertussis (BP) (polymerase chain reaction/culture) and for respiratory viruses (RVs) (immunofluorescence) were performed. Patients who received macrolides before hospitalization were excluded. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. RESULTS: Among the 67 patients studied, BP tests were positive in 44%, and 26% were positive for RV. There was no etiological identification in 35%, and RV combined with BP was identified in 5%. All patients had similar demographic characteristics. Cough followed by inspiratory stridor or cyanosis was a strong predictor of pertussis, as well as prominent leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. Rhinorrhea and dyspnea were more frequent in viral infections. Macrolides were discontinued in 40% of patients who tested positive for RV and negative for BP. CONCLUSION: the results suggest that viral infection can be present in hospitalized infants with clinical suspicion of pertussis, and etiological tests may enable a reduction in the use of macrolides in some cases. However, the etiological diagnosis of respiratory virus infection, by itself, does not exclude the possibility of infection with BP.

[Pseudomigraine with pleocytosis]. / Pseudomigraña con pleocitosis linfocitaria.

The syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis or pseudomigraine with temporary neurological symptoms and lymphocytic pleocytosis (HaNDL) is a syndrome consisting of recurrent headaches, reversible neurological deficit, lymphocytic pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), variable duration over time and spontaneous resolution. Although several etiopathogenic mechanisms have been suggested (vascular, infectous, immunological and calcium channelopthy), its etiology remains unknown. We describe a 28 year old female, with recurrent migraine with pleocytosis, confusional syndrome and transient neurological deficit. The clinical remission was achieved within two months. Although its etiology remains unknown the differential diagnosis is discussed in order to keep in mind this syndrome.

A new automated flow cytometry data analysis approach for the diagnostic screening of neoplastic B-cell disorders in peripheral blood samples with absolute lymphocytosis.

Currently, multiparameter flow cytometry immunophenotyping is the selected method for the differential diagnostic screening between reactive lymphocytosis and neoplastic B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (B-CLPD). Despite this, current multiparameter flow cytometry data analysis approaches still remain subjective due to the need of experienced personnel for both data analysis and interpretation of the results. In this study, we describe and validate a new automated method based on vector quantization algorithms to analyze multiparameter flow cytometry immunophenotyping data in a series of 307 peripheral blood (PB) samples. Our results show that the automated method of analysis proposed compares well with currently used manual approach and significantly improves semiautomated approaches and, that by using it, a highly efficient discrimination with 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity can be made between normal/reactive PB samples and cases with B-CLPD based on the total B-cell number and/or the sIgkappa+/sIglambda+ B-cell ratio. In addition, the method proved to be able to detect the presence of pathologic neoplastic B-cells even when these are present at low frequencies (<5% of all lymphocytes in the sample) and in poor-quality samples enriched in 'noise' events.

Pseudomigraña con pleocitosis linfocitaria / Pseudomigraine with pleocytosis

El síndrome de cefalea y déficit neurológico transitorio con pleocitosis en el liquido cefalorraquídeoo pseudomigraña con síntomas neurológicos temporarios y pleocitosis linfocítica (HaNLD), es uncuadro de cefaleas recurrentes, déficit neurológico reversible y pleocitosis linfocitaria en el líquido cefalorraquídeo(LCR), de duración variable y resolución espontánea. Si bien se han propuesto múltiples mecanismosetiopatogénicos (vascular, infeccioso, inmunológico y alteración de los canales de calcio), su etiología es aúndesconocida. Describimos el caso de una mujer de 28 años de edad, con episodios recurrentes de migraña conpleocitosis, síndrome confusional y déficit neurológico transitorio, con remisión clínica dentro de los dos meses.Si bien la etiología sigue siendo desconocida. Presentamos los diagnósticos diferenciales a tener en cuenta ante este síndrome(AU)

The syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis or pseudomigraine with temporary neurological symptoms and lymphocytic pleocytosis (HaNDL) is a syndrome consisting of recurrent headaches, reversible neurological deficit, lymphocytic pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), variable duration over time and spontaneous resolution. Although several etiopathogenic mechanisms have been suggested (vascular, infectous, immunological and calciumchannelopthy), its etiology remains unknown. We describe a 28 year old female, with recurrent migrainewith pleocytosis, confusional syndrome and transient neurological deficit. The clinical remission was achievedwithin two months. Although its etiology remains unknown the differential diagnosis is discussed in order to keepin mind this syndrome(AU)

Pseudomigraña con pleocitosis linfocitaria / Pseudomigraine with pleocytosis

El síndrome de cefalea y déficit neurológico transitorio con pleocitosis en el liquido cefalorraquídeoo pseudomigraña con síntomas neurológicos temporarios y pleocitosis linfocítica (HaNLD), es uncuadro de cefaleas recurrentes, déficit neurológico reversible y pleocitosis linfocitaria en el líquido cefalorraquídeo(LCR), de duración variable y resolución espontánea. Si bien se han propuesto múltiples mecanismosetiopatogénicos (vascular, infeccioso, inmunológico y alteración de los canales de calcio), su etiología es aúndesconocida. Describimos el caso de una mujer de 28 años de edad, con episodios recurrentes de migraña conpleocitosis, síndrome confusional y déficit neurológico transitorio, con remisión clínica dentro de los dos meses.Si bien la etiología sigue siendo desconocida. Presentamos los diagnósticos diferenciales a tener en cuenta ante este síndrome

The syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis or pseudomigraine with temporary neurological symptoms and lymphocytic pleocytosis (HaNDL) is a syndrome consisting of recurrent headaches, reversible neurological deficit, lymphocytic pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), variable duration over time and spontaneous resolution. Although several etiopathogenic mechanisms have been suggested (vascular, infectous, immunological and calciumchannelopthy), its etiology remains unknown. We describe a 28 year old female, with recurrent migrainewith pleocytosis, confusional syndrome and transient neurological deficit. The clinical remission was achievedwithin two months. Although its etiology remains unknown the differential diagnosis is discussed in order to keepin mind this syndrome

Pseudomigraña con pleocitosis linfocitaria / Pseudomigraine with pleocytosis

El síndrome de cefalea y déficit neurológico transitorio con pleocitosis en el liquido cefalorraquídeoo pseudomigraña con síntomas neurológicos temporarios y pleocitosis linfocítica (HaNLD), es uncuadro de cefaleas recurrentes, déficit neurológico reversible y pleocitosis linfocitaria en el líquido cefalorraquídeo(LCR), de duración variable y resolución espontánea. Si bien se han propuesto múltiples mecanismosetiopatogénicos (vascular, infeccioso, inmunológico y alteración de los canales de calcio), su etiología es aúndesconocida. Describimos el caso de una mujer de 28 años de edad, con episodios recurrentes de migraña conpleocitosis, síndrome confusional y déficit neurológico transitorio, con remisión clínica dentro de los dos meses.Si bien la etiología sigue siendo desconocida. Presentamos los diagnósticos diferenciales a tener en cuenta ante este síndrome(AU)

The syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis or pseudomigraine with temporary neurological symptoms and lymphocytic pleocytosis (HaNDL) is a syndrome consisting of recurrent headaches, reversible neurological deficit, lymphocytic pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), variable duration over time and spontaneous resolution. Although several etiopathogenic mechanisms have been suggested (vascular, infectous, immunological and calciumchannelopthy), its etiology remains unknown. We describe a 28 year old female, with recurrent migrainewith pleocytosis, confusional syndrome and transient neurological deficit. The clinical remission was achievedwithin two months. Although its etiology remains unknown the differential diagnosis is discussed in order to keepin mind this syndrome(AU)

Linfocitos T-PAS-Positivos en la cardiomioneuropatia chagasica / Production of lymphocytes T-PAS-+ in chagas' cardiomyopathy

Muchos linfocitos circulares en sangre poseen en la enfermedad de Chagas Humana una sustancia PAS-positiva (PAS-PLS) en su citoplasma. Dicha sustancia se comporta como glicoproteína. Las personas sanas tienen sólo pocos linfocitos con PASPLS. Con el microscopio de luz la glicoproteína PASPLS se ve como áreas de color rojo, granulares numerosas, en los linfocitos que la producen. En este trabajo hemos encontrado, con el microscopio óptico9 (MO) que el 28 por ciento de los linfocitos de cardiopatías chagásicos y el 2.1 por ciento de linfocitos de normales, respectivamente, mostraron PASPLS. Mediante el microscopio electrónico (ME) hemos hallado que el 30 por ciento de los linfocitos de los chagásicos mostró vesículas en su citoplasma, algunas muy prominentes a nivel de membrana celular, que contienen un material de baja densidad electrónica. La sustancia contenida en esas vesículas también reaccionó con metodología para carbohidratos en ME. Las grandes vesículas linfocitarias parecen ser liberadas al medio cicundante. En personas normales, hemos efectuado hallazgos similares en todos los casos, en el 2.2 por ciento de sus linfocitos totales. Preparaciones enriquecidas de linfocitos T. de los mismos chagásicos y normales, mostraron hallazgos similares a los que describimos, pero significativamente mayor número de linfocitos, en ambos grupos. Esto sugiere que la actividad en estudio es realizada por linfocitos T y coincide con datos obtenidos mediante el ME y su correlación con los hallazgos previos al MO, sugieren la existencia de un mecanismo linfocitario secretor de una sustancia (una glicoproteína de linfocitos T). En personas sanas tal actividad sería realizada poe un bajo número de linfocitos circulantes (2.2 por ciento); mientras que en la enfermedad de Chagas parece ser muy intensa ya que elevado número de linfocitos circulantes (30 por ciento) mostraron los hallazgos descritos, que se verificaron en todos los pacientes del grupo con cardiopatía chagásica