In vitro evaluation of the effect of different disinfectants on the biofilm of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus formed on acrylic ocular prostheses.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of disinfectants on the biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis formed on the acrylic surface of ocular prostheses. In this study, 396 acrylic specimens were manufactured (50% for Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 50% for Staphylococcus aureus). For each bacterium, 66 specimens were subjected to biofilm formation on their surfaces for 24 hours, 66 specimens were subjected to biofilm formation on their surfaces for 48 hours, and 66 specimens were subjected to biofilm formation on their surfaces for 72 hours. Then, they were divided into groups according to disinfection method (n = 6): sterile distilled water for 10, 15, 30 min, and 6 hours (control); soap for 30 min (NES30); Opti-Free for 30 min (OPF30) and 6 h (OPF6); Efferdent for 15 min (EFF15); and 0.5%, 2%, and 4% chlorhexidine for 10 min (0.5% CHX10, 2% CHX10, and 4% CHX10). After the treatments, the specimens were vortexed to release the biofilm and the counting of bacterial colonies was performed (CFU/mL). Three-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer HSD test were used (α = 0.05). For Staphylococcus epidermidis, there was no significant difference between NES30, OPF30, and OPF6 with their respective control groups; nor between NES30, OPF30, and OPF6 themselves, regardless of the biofilm development period (P >0.05). For Staphylococcus aureus, there was no significant difference between NES30 and OPF30 with their control group; nor between NES30 and OPF30 themselves, regardless of the biofilm development period (P >0.05). For Staphylococcus aureus, OPF6 showed a significant reduction in the number of CFU/mL when compared with its control group, NES30, and OPF30, regardless of the biofilm development period (P <0.05). For both bacteria, 0.5% CHX10, 2% CHX10,4% CHX10, and EFF15 showed a significant reduction in the number of CFU/mL when compared with their control groups, NES30, OPF30, and OPF6, regardless of the biofilm development period (P <0.05). Therefore, EFF15 and CHX (0.5%, 2% and 4%) were effective in reducing Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus on acrylic surfaces. NES30 and OPF (30 and 6) are not recommended.

Effect of photopolymerized glaze application on bacterial adhesion on ocular acrylic resin surfaces submitted to accelerated ageing.

Conditions of the acrylic resin (AR) surface, such as roughness, can promote a favourable environment for the adhesion of micro-organisms, even on the surface of ocular prostheses. This study evaluated the influence of photopolymerized glaze application on the roughness of ARs and adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis on ocular AR surfaces submitted to accelerated ageing. Two hundred and eighty-eight samples of white colour (N1) and colourless ARs were distributed in eight groups (n = 9), based on surface treatments (glaze or ARs submitted to only a final polishing), accelerated ageing (before and after) and periods of microbial growth (24- and 48-h). The roughness average (Ra) and total height of roughness profile (Rt) values were greater for the groups with glaze and increased for all groups after ageing. The microbial adhesion among the groups with and without glaze did not present a statistically significant difference. The ageing did not statistically affect the adhesion of Staph. epidermidis, but affected the adhesion of Staph. aureus, which presented an increase after 24 h of growth on only N1 AR with glaze. These results demonstrate that the glaze did not contribute to adhesion of Staph. aureus and Staph. epidermidis, which are responsible for most ocular prosthetic infections. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Some recent evidence suggested that the surface finish of ocular prostheses influences the accumulation of deposits that can affect the interaction with pathogenic bacteria, increasing the probability of infections. In addition, surface deterioration over time can increase the roughness and, consequently, biofilm formation. Thus, a better understanding of the influence of surface finish on bacterial adhesion becomes extremely important. In this study, we tested a glaze for surface polishing compared to mechanical polishing, before and after ageing. The results suggest that the glaze did not contribute to microbial adhesion and might be useful in preventing possible prosthetic infections.

Microbiological analysis of conjunctival secretion in anophthalmic cavity, contralateral eye and ocular prosthesis of patients with maxillofacial abnormalities.

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyse the micro-organisms present in the conjunctival secretion in anophthalmic cavities of wearers of ocular prostheses, as well as on the prostheses used by them, correlating them with the microbiota of the contralateral eye. Nine patients with maxillofacial abnormalities, wearers of an acrylic resin ocular prosthesis participated in the study. Collections of conjunctival secretions and biofilm were performed on the prosthesis, anophthalmic cavity and contralateral eye for the mycological and bacterial analyses. The data were submitted to statistical analysis, performing a Kendall correlation test to identify the correlation between the collection site and the identified micro-organism (P < 0·05). It was verified that the most prevalent micro-organisms were the Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, independent of the collection site, and that negative cultures for fungi were encountered in 85·2% of collections, independent of the region. It was not possible to establish a correlation among the types of micro-organisms and the collection sites. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Some evidence suggests that the surface roughness of ocular prostheses can influence interactions with micro-organisms, with greater prejudicial consequences, such as the establishment of biofilms, which could lead to infections. Thus, it becomes extremely important to identify the micro-organisms present on the acrylic surfaces of ocular prostheses, as well as the microbiota of the anophthalmic cavity and contralateral eye of wearers of the same, so that subsequent control measures promote the homeostatic maintenance of the ocular region.

Análise da microbiota em pacientes portadores de prótes ocular / Microbiota analysis in patients with ocular prosthesis

Este estudo visa analisar a microbiota da cavidade anoftálmica em pacientes portadores de prótese ocular, devido à grande ocorrência de problemas como edema, infecções, trauma e acúmulo de secreção; substratos para desenvolvimento microbiológico. A falta de brilho e lisura, ocasionadas pela manutenção precária da prótese gera acúmulo de secreção, reduzindo a mobilidade da prótese ocasionando desconforto ao usuário. Os microrganismos mais encontrados na cavidade anoftálmica foram o S. aureus, S. epidermidis e S. albuns, observando-se pouca ocorrência de fungos, constata-se também que uma das principais vias de contaminação da cavidade anoftálmica são as próprias mãos dos pacientes

Avaliação clínica e microbiológica da secreção conjuntival em usuários de prótese ocular em resina acrílica / Clinic and microbiological evaluation of the conjunctival discharge in ocular prosthesis-carriers in acrylic resin

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a microbiota bacteriana e fúngica das cavidades anoftálmicas, próteses oculares e olhos contralaterais de 43 usuários de prótese ocular em resina acrílica, unilateral, e relacionar a quantidade de secreção conjuntival presente nessas cavidades com a microbiota conjuntival, freqüência de limpeza, tempo de uso e tempo decorrido desde o último polimento da prótese. Todos os pacientes apresentavam secreção conjuntival e microbiota Gram positiva nas cavidades anoftálmicas. Os microrganismos mais frequentemente isolados das 43 cavidades anoftálmicas, por ordem decrescente de freqüência, foram: Staphylococcus coagulase negativos, Staphylococccus aureus, Candida albicans, Proteus mira bilis, Citrobacter koseriana, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sakazakii e Enterobacter aerogenes. Microbiota Gram negativa foi isolada de oito cavidades e fúngica, de três. O estudo estatístico dos dados evidenciou relação não significativa entre a quantidade de secreção conjuntival e a presença de microbiota Gram negativa nas cavidades; e entre a quantidade de secreção conjuntival e a freqüência de limpeza da prótese ocular. Correlação, estatisticamente significativa, foi constatada entre a quantidade de secreção conjuntival e o tempo de uso e o tempo decorrido desde o último polimento da prótese.

Avaliaçäo microbiológica da cavidade anoftálmica e de próteses oculares acrílicas / Bacteriological evaluation of anophthalmic socket and the ocular prosthesis surface

Pacientes portadores de prótese ocular estäo sujeitos a inflamaçöes, infecçöes e traumas, sendo que modificaçöes fisiológicas e morfológicas da cavidade anoftálmica, bem como o uso de próteses inadequadas, podem predispor a esses quadros. A perda do brilho e da lisura superficial da prótese pode levar a uma reduçäo na mobilidade da prótese ocular e acúmulo de secreçäo, gerando desconforto ao paciente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a microbiota bacteriana e fúngica das secreçöes encontradas nas cavidades anoftálmicas e na superfície das próteses oculares de acrílico, como também avaliar a sensibilidade das cepas bacterianas isoladas, a diferentes antibióticos