RESUMEN
Gastrointestinal disorders dysregulate the biochemical environment of the gastrointestinal tract by altering pH conditions during the gastric phase of digestion or by reducing the secretion of pancreatin during the intestinal part of the process. Ingested functional food could therefore lose some of its health-promoting potential apart from its nutritional value. In this work, we aimed to manufacture bread marked by decreased gluten content, using a commercial or laboratory sourdough, that could be appropriate for patients afflicted with wheat allergy, hypertension and pancreatic malfunctions. A reference sample (no sourdough) was prepared alongside wheat and wheat-rye bread samples-produced with either commercial or laboratory sourdough (L. plantarum BS, L. brevis 1269, L. sanfranciscensis 20663). We measured the QQQPP allergen content (ELISA) in bread extracts digested in vitro and determined how these extracted components affect the level of active angiotensin and alpha amylase (spectrophotometry). We then elucidated how these properties changed when physiological digestion conditions (pH and pancreatin activity) were disturbed to mimic gastric hyperacidity, hypochlorhydria or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The key finding was that every tested type of bread produced with laboratory sourdough exhibited pronounced angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. The effect was preserved even in dysregulated digestive conditions. The use of laboratory sourdough prevented an increase in allergenicity when pancreatin was restricted as opposed to the commercial sourdough, which surpassed the reference sample reading at 50% pancreatin. No statistically consistent link was reported when the inhibition of alpha amylase was assayed. In conclusion, functional bread manufactured with sourdough composed of L. plantarum BS, L. brevis 1269, and L. sanfranciscensis 20663 was shown to be potentially capable of contributing to the treatment against hypertension as evidenced by in vitro research. It was also moderately safer with regard to its allergenicity.
Asunto(s)
Pan , Pan/análisis , Humanos , Enfermedades no Transmisibles , Glútenes , Triticum/química , Alérgenos , Enfermedad Crónica , Digestión , Hipersensibilidad al Trigo/inmunología , Fermentación , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/farmacología , Pancreatina , alfa-Amilasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that globally contaminates fruits and their products. Since OTA have a huge negative impact on health hazards and economic losses, it is imperative to establish an effective and safe strategy for detoxification. Here, pancreatin was immobilized on the surface of polydopamine functionalized magnetic porous chitosan (MPCTS@ PDA) for the degradation of OTA. Compared with free pancreatin, MPCTS@ PDA@ pancreatin displayed excellent thermal stability, acid resistance, storage stability and OTA detoxification in wine (>58%). Moreover, the MPCTS@ PDA@ pancreatin retained 43% initial activity after 8 reuse cycles. There was no significant change in the quality of wine after MPCTS@ PDA@ pancreatin treatment. Moreover, it did not exhibit cytotoxicity which facilitated its application in wine. These results demonstrated that MPCTS@ PDA@ pancreatin can be used as a highly effective biocatalysate for OTA detoxification in wine.
Asunto(s)
Quitosano , Contaminación de Alimentos , Indoles , Ocratoxinas , Pancreatina , Polímeros , Vino , Ocratoxinas/química , Ocratoxinas/análisis , Vino/análisis , Indoles/química , Polímeros/química , Quitosano/química , Porosidad , Pancreatina/química , Pancreatina/metabolismo , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Enzimas Inmovilizadas/química , Enzimas Inmovilizadas/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Probiotics must be able to withstand the demanding environment of the gastrointestinal system to adhere to the intestinal epithelium, promoting health benefits. The use of probiotics can prevent or attenuate the effects of dysbiosis that have a deleterious effect on health, promoting anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to prepare tablets containing Lactobacillus fermentum LF-G89 coated with 20% Acryl-Eze II® or Opadry® enteric polymers. METHODS: Tablet dissolution was evaluated under acidic and basic pH conditions, and aliquots of the dissolution medium were plated to count the Colony-forming Units (CFU). The free probiotic's tolerance to pH levels of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0, as well as to pepsin, pancreatin, and bile salts, was assessed. RESULTS: The probiotic was released from tablets coated after they withstood the pH 1.2 acid stage for 45 minutes. The release was higher with the Acry-Eze II® polymer in the basic stage. The amount of CFU of free probiotics at pH 1.0 to 4.0 as well as pepsin reduced over time, indicating cell death. Conversely, the CFU over time with pancreatin and bile salts increased, demonstrating the resistance of L. fermentum to these conditions due to hydrolases. CONCLUSION: Both coating polymers were able to withstand the acid step, likely ensuring the release of the probiotic in the small intestine, promoting colonization. Coating with enteric material is a simple and effective process to increase the survival of probiotics, offering a promising alternative to mitigate the negative effects of the dysbiosis process.
Asunto(s)
Limosilactobacillus fermentum , Probióticos , Comprimidos Recubiertos , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Probióticos/farmacología , Probióticos/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Ácidos y Sales Biliares/química , Ácidos y Sales Biliares/metabolismo , Solubilidad , Humanos , Pancreatina/metabolismo , Pancreatina/químicaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to assess whether ultrasound treatment (sonification time: 5, 15, and 30 min; constants: â¼40 kHz, â¼2.5 W cm2) can be applied prior to hydrolysis to enhance the anti-radical and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibiting (anti-ACE) effect of the hydrolysates from fermented pork loins. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using pepsin, followed by pancreatin. The influence of meat matrix on the course of hydrolysis, shaped using a lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-based starter culture, was also analyzed. It was found that proteases caused a systematic increase in the content of peptides, while pancreatin limited the peptide content in the protein hydrolysate from the loins subjected to spontaneous fermentation. Moreover, for these tests, sonication time had a negligible effect on the peptides content of the hydrolysates. On the other hand, for the sample of LAB-fermented products, both sonication time and stage of hydrolysis promoted the biological activity of the hydrolysates. Samples from the LAB-fermented meat had more peptides at the stage of digestion with pepsin and pancreatin, exhibiting much faster antiradical and anti-ACE activity compared to the control sample. The obtained results suggest that the use of LAB promotes the release of antiradical peptides during the two-step enzymatic hydrolysis, the duration of which can be shortened to achieve satisfactory biofunctionalities. Additional application of sonication pretreatment allows controlling the course of the hydrolysis, as the pro-health, biological effect of some protein-derived sequences is associated with the content of peptides.
Asunto(s)
Lactobacillales , Carne de Cerdo , Carne Roja , Animales , Porcinos , Peptidil-Dipeptidasa A/metabolismo , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Pepsina A , Pancreatina/metabolismo , Sonicación , Péptidos/química , Hidrólisis , Lactobacillales/metabolismoRESUMEN
Triggerable coatings, such as pH-responsive polymethacrylate copolymers, can be used to protect the active pharmaceutical ingredients contained within oral solid dosage forms from the acidic gastric environment and to facilitate drug delivery directly to the intestine. However, gastrointestinal pH can be highly variable, which can reduce delivery efficiency when using pH-responsive drug delivery technologies. We hypothesized that biomaterials susceptible to proteolysis could be used in combination with other triggerable polymers to develop novel enteric coatings. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that silk fibroin is selectively degradable by enzymes in the small intestine, including chymotrypsin, but resilient to gastric pepsin. Based on the analysis, we developed a silk fibroin-polymethacrylate copolymer coating for oral dosage forms. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that capsules coated with this novel silk fibroin formulation enable pancreatin-dependent drug release. We believe that this novel formulation and extensions thereof have the potential to produce more effective and personalized oral drug delivery systems for vulnerable populations including patients that have impaired and highly variable intestinal physiology.
Asunto(s)
Fibroínas , Humanos , Pancreatina , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos , Polímeros , SedaRESUMEN
Understanding the effect of digestion on oral lipid-based drug formulations is a critical step in assessing the impact of the digestive process in the intestine on intraluminal drug concentrations. The classical pH-stat in vitro lipolysis technique has traditionally been applied, however, there is a need to explore the establishment of higher throughput small-scale methods. This study explores the use of alternative lipases with the aim of selecting digestion conditions that permit in-line UV detection for the determination of real-time drug concentrations. A range of immobilised and pre-dissolved lipases were assessed for digestion of lipid-based formulations and compared to digestion with the classical source of lipase, porcine pancreatin. Palatase® 20000 L, a purified liquid lipase, displayed comparable digestion kinetics to porcine pancreatin and drug concentration determined during digestion of a fenofibrate lipid-based formulation were similar between methods. In-line UV analysis using the MicroDISS ProfilerTM demonstrated that drug concentration could be monitored during one hour of dispersion and three hours of digestion for both a medium- and long-chain lipid-based formulations with corresponding results to that obtained from the classical lipolysis method. This method offers opportunities exploring the real-time dynamic drug concentration during dispersion and digestion of lipid-based formulations in a small-scale setup avoiding artifacts as a result of extensive sample preparation.
Asunto(s)
Lípidos , Lipólisis , Animales , Porcinos , Pancreatina , Lipasa , Digestión , SolubilidadRESUMEN
Microplastic particles have been detected in the human body. This study aimed to develop a blood digestion method that preserves microplastics during analysis. Acidic and alkaline reagents, commonly used for isolating plastic particles from organic materials, were tested on human blood samples and microplastics. Nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide were examined over time. Additionally, a pepsin-pancreatin combination was utilized for blood digestion. Light microscopy assessed digestion efficiency and particle count changes, while Raman microspectroscopy distinguished between plastic and cell debris. The acidic reagents were ineffective in removing the organic material, while alkaline reagents were effective without significant effects on microplastics. Blood digestion using pepsin and pancreatin demonstrated efficient digestion without negative consequences for the particles. While potassium hydroxide digestion is already established, novel use of the pepsin-pancreatin combination was introduced to digest human blood, indicating its potential for isolating plastic particles from tissue and human food.
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Microplásticos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Humanos , Plásticos/análisis , Pancreatina/análisis , Pepsina A , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodosRESUMEN
Protein digestibility, a key indicator of dietary protein quality for human nutrition, can be estimated using an in vitro digestion model, however its definition and determination remain variable across studies. The present study aimed to determine the contribution of the endogenous nitrogen (N) to the plant and animal protein digestibility values obtained in vitro. 15N-labelled gluten and caseins (4, 8 and 16 % of the model meal) were used to differentiate dietary and endogenous N and were digested using the INFOGEST in vitro digestion model with no oral phase. The dietary and endogenous N were measured before and during digestion after centrifugation and 10 kDa ultrafiltration. The proteolysis degree was measured by the OPA method. The endogenous and dietary N were determined by elemental analyser coupled with isotopic ratio mass spectrometry. Apparent and true digestibility were determined and values of 135, 92 and 71 % for apparent vs. 78, 69, 60 % for true digestibility were obtained for 4, 8 and 16 % dietary protein level, respectively, with a significant effect of protein level. Differences between apparent and true digestibility pointed out the important contribution of the endogenous nitrogen. Our results showed that 40 % of the N below 10 kDa, i.e., the digestible fraction, were from endogenous origin (i.e. from the pancreatin) and was even present before digestion. An average value of 27 % for pancreatin N autolysis was estimated independently of the protein levels or sources. The use of 15N-labelled protein to evaluate in vitro protein digestibility highlighted the important contribution of the endogenous N, in particular when low dietary protein solution (4 %) are digested. This gives new keys to overcome drawbacks of in vitro models for determining protein digestibility.
Asunto(s)
Aminoácidos , Nitrógeno , Animales , Humanos , Nitrógeno/análisis , Aminoácidos/análisis , Pancreatina , Digestión , Proteínas en la Dieta/metabolismoRESUMEN
The roles of protein composition, pH and enzymes in goat milk protein hydrolysis is still unclear and the proteolysis of low abundant goat milk proteins has received limited attention. The aim of this study was to study the impact of protein composition and proteolytic conditions on goat milk protein hydrolysis in a simplified digestion model. Both whole milk and infant formula were hydrolyzed at pH 2 and 4, using pepsin as well as pepsin combined with pancreatin. Intact proteins were separated from digests using spin filters, followed by bottom-up proteomics of the separated proteins. Results show that under all conditions, caseins are hydrolyzed quickly. Goat casein hydrolysis in infant formula was slightly faster than in goat whole milk, possibly due to less casein coagulation during pepsin hydrolysis at both pH 2 and 4. Several low abundant immunoactive goat milk proteins, especially immunoglobulins, GLYCAM-1 and osteopontin, resisted proteolysis more than high abundant proteins, independent of the pH and enzyme used for hydrolysis. Fast hydrolysis of casein and slow hydrolysis of immunoactive proteins may indicate a good balance between protein utilization and protection of the infant by goat milk proteins.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de la Leche , Pancreatina , Animales , Lactante , Humanos , Proteolisis , Caseínas , Pepsina A , Cabras , Concentración de Iones de HidrógenoRESUMEN
In this research, yak butter (YB) microcapsule with different YB addition was successfully prepared by using maltodextrin/whey protein isolate/sodium caseinate as main wall materials. The microstructures, microencapsulation efficiency and possible sacculation mechanism was then analyzed. The in vitro intestinal digested behavior of the microcapsules affected by bile salts was monitored and investigated in details. The results indicated that microcapsules were hollow spheres with entrapped YB located in the wall materials. Higher YB addition resulted in inhomogeneous larger particles with decreased membrane thickness. H-bonding interactions between protein and carbohydrate ensured the integrity of the capsule wall. The in vitro digestion results suggested that the concentration of bile salts had significant impacts on the digestion behavior of microcapsules. The present of bile salts was necessary for pancreatin hydrolysis of wall material. Hydrolysis of pancreatin, emulsification of bile salt and its positive effect for pancreatin hydrolysis all happened during the digestion and affected the digested behavior in the end. This research would provide valuable information for the bioavailability of microcapsule in human gastrointestinal systems.
Asunto(s)
Pancreatina , Proteínas , Animales , Bovinos , Humanos , Cápsulas/química , Ácidos y Sales BiliaresRESUMEN
The site and extent of digestion of sorghum nutrients affected by tannins in the intestine are not clarified. Porcine small intestine digestion and large intestine fermentation were simulated in vitro to determine the effects of sorghum tannin extract on the digestion and fermentation characteristics of nutrients in the mimicked porcine gastrointestinal tract. In experiment 1, low-tannin sorghum grain without or with 30 mg/g sorghum tannin extract were digested by porcine pepsin and pancreatin to measure in vitro digestibility of nutrients. In experiment 2, the lyophilized porcine ileal digesta from 3 barrows (Durocâ ×â Landraceâ ×â Yorkshire, 27.75â ±â 1.46 kg) fed the low-tannin sorghum grain without or with 30 mg/g sorghum tannin extract and the undigested residues from experiment 1 were, individually, incubated with fresh pig cecal digesta as inoculums for 48 h to simulate the porcine hindgut fermentation. The results revealed that sorghum tannin extract decreased in vitro digestibility of nutrients both by pepsin hydrolysis or pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis (Pâ <â 0.05). Although enzymatically unhydrolyzed residues provided more energy (Pâ =â 0.09) and nitrogen (Pâ <â 0.05) as fermentation substrates, the microbial degradation of nutrients from unhydrolyzed residues and porcine ileal digesta were both decreased by sorghum tannin extract (Pâ <â 0.05). Regardless of unhydrolyzed residues or ileal digesta as fermentation substrates, microbial metabolites including the accumulative gas production excluding the first 6 h, total short-chain fatty acid and microbial protein content in the fermented solutions were decreased (Pâ <â 0.05). The relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae AC2044 and NK4A136 and Ruminococcus_1 was decreased by sorghum tannin extract (Pâ <â 0.05). In conclusion, sorghum tannin extract not only directly decreased the chemical enzymatic digestion of nutrients in the simulated anterior intestine, but also directly inhibited the microbial fermentation including microbial diversities and metabolites in the simulated posterior intestine of pigs. The experiment implies that the decreased abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae by tannins in the hindgut may weaken the fermentation capacity of microflora and thus impair the nutrient digestion in the hindgut, and ultimately reduce the total tract digestibility of nutrients in pigs fed high tannin sorghum.
Sorghum tannins may be potent negative factor to impede the nutrient utilization in sorghum grain fed to pigs. Unfortunately, the site, rate and extent of digestion of sorghum nutrients affected by tannins in the intestine remain unclear. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effects of sorghum tannin extract on the digestion and fermentation characteristics of nutrients in the in vitro simulated porcine gastrointestinal tract. The results revealed that sorghum tannin extract decreased the chemical enzymatic digestion of nutrients in the simulated anterior intestine, and inhibited the hindgut microbial fermentation including microbial diversities and metabolites (accumulative gas and short-chain fatty acid production) in the simulated posterior intestine of pigs. The experiment implies that the decreased abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae by tannins in the hindgut may weaken the fermentation capacity of microflora and thus impair the nutrient digestion in the hindgut, and ultimately may reduce the total tract nutrient digestibility in pigs fed high tannin sorghum.
Asunto(s)
Sorghum , Porcinos , Animales , Sorghum/metabolismo , Taninos/metabolismo , Pancreatina/metabolismo , Pancreatina/farmacología , Pepsina A/metabolismo , Pepsina A/farmacología , Dieta , Digestión , Tracto Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Íleon/metabolismo , Nutrientes , Fermentación , Alimentación Animal/análisisRESUMEN
Abstract Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a life-unpleasant situation with contradictory and inadequate treatments. In this regard, the present study evaluated the effect of the possible pretreatment of lipase-pancreatin on L-arginine-induced AP. Forty adult mice were selected and divided into five groups: I) control group, II and III) AP groups (i.p.) receiving L-arginine of 2×300 and 2×400 mg/100 g body weight (b.w.), IV) AP (2×300 L-arginine) group + pancreatin (mice were i.p. injected by 350 U-lipase), and V) AP (2×400 L-arginine) group + pancreatin (mice were i.p. injected by 350 U-lipase). All AP groups displayed a significant increase in serum levels of ALT, AST, TBARS, and TNF-alpha compared to the control group. Moreover, pancreatic tissue edema, inflammation, and vacuolization of acinar cells were significantly higher in the untreated L-arginine group compared to the control and pancreatin groups. Conversely, the diameter of pancreatic islets significantly declined after induction of pancreatitis compared with control and pancreatin groups. Pancreatin treatment can be used in pancreatic dysfunction, however, this medicine showed no protective effect against L-arginine-induced AP in the mouse model.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Pancreatitis/inducido químicamente , Pancreatina/efectos adversos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/agonistas , Células Acinares/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory reaction of pancreatic tissue digestion, edema, bleeding and even necrosis caused by activation of pancreatin due to various causes. In particular, patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) often suffer from secondary infection, peritonitis and shock, and have a high mortality rate. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) can cause permanent damage to the pancreas. Due to the innate characteristics, structure and location of the pancreas, there is no effective treatment, only relief of symptoms. Especially, AP is an unpredictable and potentially fatal disease, and the timely diagnosis and treatment remains a major challenge. With the rapid development of nanomedicine technology, many potential tools can be used to address this problem. In this review, we have introduced the pathophysiological processes of pancreatitis to understanding its etiology and severity. Most importantly, the current progress in the diagnosis and treatment tools of pancreatitis based on nanomedicine is summarized and prospected.
Asunto(s)
Pancreatitis , Enfermedad Aguda , Humanos , Necrosis , Páncreas , Pancreatina , Pancreatitis/diagnóstico , Pancreatitis/terapiaRESUMEN
RATIONALE: Optimal nutritional therapy for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) has been debated; however, little is known about key points of pancreatin enteric-coated capsule administration, a critical component of the PD treatment regimen. Patients often report elevations in tablet platoon and steatorrhea, and steatorrhea may adversely affect nutritional therapy for PD. Herein, we report a case of individualized pharmaceutical care for a patient after PD with trypsin replacement nutritional therapy. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSIS: After PD with trypsin replacement nutritional therapy, the patient developed acute steatorrhea. INTERVENTION: Individualized pharmaceutical care was provided by clinical pharmacists to address intolerance to pancreatin enteric-coated capsules following PD. OUTCOMES: The clinical pharmacist's integration into the patient's treatment plan enhanced pharmacotherapy optimization, especially through pharmacokinetic monitoring and interventions related to nutritional therapy. LESSON: Pharmaceutical care by clinical pharmacists aids in ensuring the safety and efficacy of drugs and nutritional treatment. Clinical pharmacists should be members of the nutrition support team.
Asunto(s)
Servicios Farmacéuticos , Esteatorrea , Humanos , Pancreaticoduodenectomía , Pancreatina , Farmacéuticos , TripsinaRESUMEN
Black soybean (BSB), which contains cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) and procyanidins, is cooked with rice in Japan. The color of the cooked rice is purplish red due to the binding of C3G and reddish oxidation products of procyanidins. These components can slowdown pancreatin-induced hydrolysis of amylose more significantly than the hydrolysis of amylopectin, and can react with nitrous acid in the stomach. This manuscript deals with the effects of nitrous acid on pancreatin-induced hydrolysis of amylose heated with BSB extract. The hydrolysis of amylose heated with BSB extract was slow, and the slowdown was due to the binding of C3G/its degradation products and degradation products of procyanidins. The amylose hydrolysis was slowed down further by treating with nitrite under gastric conditions. The further slowdown was discussed to be due to the binding of the products, which were formed by the reaction of procyanidins with nitrous acid, to amylose. In the products, dinitroprocyanidins were included. In this way, the digestibility of amylose heated with BSB extract can be slowed down further by reacting with nitrous acid in the stomach.
Asunto(s)
Oryza , Proantocianidinas , Amilopectina/metabolismo , Amilosa/metabolismo , Hidrólisis , Nitritos/metabolismo , Ácido Nitroso/metabolismo , Oryza/metabolismo , Pancreatina/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Proantocianidinas/metabolismo , Glycine max/metabolismo , Almidón/metabolismoRESUMEN
Honeybee products have been among important consumer products throughout history. Microbiota has attracted attention in recent years due to both their probiotic value and industrial potential. Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB), whose field of study has been expanding rapidly in the last 20 years, are among the groups that can be isolated from the bee gut. This study aimed to isolate FLAB from the honeybees of two different geographic regions in Turkey and investigate their probiotic, metabolic and anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) potential. Metabolic properties were investigated based on fructose toleration and acid and diacetyl production while the probiotic properties of the isolates were determined by examining pH, pepsin, pancreatin resistance, antimicrobial susceptibility, and antimicrobial activity. Anti-QS activities were also evaluated with the Chromobacterium violaceum biosensor strain. Two FLAB members were isolated and identified by the 16S rRNA analysis as Fructobacillus tropaeoli and Apilactobacillus kunkeei, which were found to be tolerant to high fructose, low pH, pepsin, pancreatin, and bile salt environments. Both isolates showed anti-QS activity against the C. violaceum biosensor strain and no diacetyl production. The daily supernatants of the isolates inhibited the growth of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 among the selected pathogens. The isolates were found resistant to kanamycin, streptomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin. In the evaluation of the probiotic potential of these species, the negative effect of antibiotics and other chemicals to which honeybees are directly or indirectly exposed draws attention within the scope of the "One Health" approach.
Asunto(s)
Lactobacillales , Probióticos , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Abejas , Fructosa/metabolismo , Lactobacillales/genética , Lactobacillus , Leuconostocaceae , Pancreatina , Pepsina A , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genéticaRESUMEN
The digestion behaviour of lipid-based nanocarriers (LNC) has a great impact on their oral drug delivery properties. In this study, various excipients including surfactants, glycerides and waxes, as well as various drug-delivery systems, namely self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were examined via the pH-stat lipolysis model. Lipolysis experiments with lipase and pancreatin revealed the highest release of fatty acids for medium chain glycerides, followed by long chain glycerides and surfactants. Waxes appeared to be poor substrates with a maximum digestion of up to 10% within 60 min. Within the group of surfactants, the enzymatic cleavage decreased in the following order: glycerol monostearate > polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate > PEG-35 castor oil > sorbitan monostearate. After digestion experiments of the excipients, SEDDS, SLN and NLC with sizes between 30 and 300 nm were prepared. The size of almost all formulations was increasing during lipolysis and levelled off after approximately 15 min except for the SLN and NLC consisting of cetyl palmitate. SEDDS exceeded 6000 nm after some minutes and were almost completely hydrolysed by pancreatin. No significant difference was observed between comparable SLN and NLC but surfactant choice and selection of the lipid component had an impact on digestion. SLN and NLC with cetyl palmitate were only digested by 5% whereas particles with glyceryl distearate were decomposed by 40-80% within 60 min. Additionally, the digestion of the same SLN or NLC, only differing in the surfactant, was higher for SLN/NLC containing polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate than PEG-35 castor oil. This observation might be explained by the higher PEG content of PEG-35 castor oil causing a more pronounced steric hindrance for the access of lipase. Generally, digestion experiments performed with pancreatin resulted in a higher digestion compared to lipase. According to these results, the digestion behaviour of LNC depends on both, the type of nanocarrier and on the excipients used for them.
Asunto(s)
Excipientes , Nanopartículas , Aceite de Ricino , Digestión , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Excipientes/química , Glicéridos/química , Lipasa/química , Lípidos/química , Liposomas , Nanopartículas/química , Pancreatina/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Polietilenglicoles , Tensoactivos/química , CerasRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to test the hydrolytic efficacy of 6 fungal enzymes in the INFOGEST static in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. First, the INFOGEST protocol was adapted for testing of exogenous enzymes. Second, a dose-response study of 3 individual fungal proteases, a lipase, and an amylase with glucoamylase demonstrated improved dietary protein, lipid, and carbohydrate hydrolysis, respectively, from an oral nutritional supplement (ONS) under simulated gastric or GI conditions, compared to pepsin and pancreatin-based control conditions. Third, a combination of the 6 enzymes (BC-006) improved macronutrient digestion, including enhanced release of individual amino acids from ONS and mixed meal substrates. Finally, we validated digestive models of aging and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, and showed that BC-006 improved gastric digestion under these compromised digestive conditions. The INFOGEST static simulation is a feasible tool to rapidly screen and profile exogenous enzymes for digestive efficacy in vitro.
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Digestión , Pancreatina , Digestión/fisiología , Hidrólisis , Nutrientes , Pancreatina/metabolismo , EstómagoRESUMEN
An alkaline extraction method has been used in many studies to extract total protein from cereal samples. Wheat bran protein concentrate (WBPC), oat bran protein concentrate (OBPC), and barley protein concentrate (BPC) were prepared by alkaline extraction and isoelectric precipitation to study their functional and nutritional properties. The three protein concentrates were hydrolysed by an in vitro pepsin-pancreatin digestion model. Their digestibility (%) and degree of hydrolysis (DH%) were evaluated, and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was used to illustrate the protein and peptides patterns. The change of the particle sizes and the release of the essential amino acids was followed during the digestion process. The in vitro digestibility of WBPC, OBPC and BPC was 87.4%, 96.1% and 76.9%, respectively. The DH% of protein concentrates were between 50 and 60%. The change of the particle size distribution values Dv(50) was assumed to be related to protein aggregations during the digestion. The protein fractions were identified and the degradation during the digestion and were analysed by SDS-PAGE; the gels of WBPC and OBPC digestion showed virtually complete degradation whereas the intensive bands of undigested protein were presented for BPC. The generation of the free amino acids and short chain peptides were significantly higher at the end of the intestinal digestion compared to the stages of before and after gastric digestion. Higher content of the deficient amino acids such as lysine and threonine were found comparing to the level of deficient amino acids in cereal grains but does not meet the daily recommended intake.
Asunto(s)
Pancreatina , Pepsina A , Digestión , Grano Comestible/metabolismo , Pancreatina/metabolismo , Pepsina A/metabolismo , ProteínasRESUMEN
We investigated the effect of neutral lipids, polar lipids, and an emulsified formulation (EMF) on carotenoid bioaccessibility in an in vitro digestion assay of vegetables. These reagents enhanced carotenoid bioaccessibility. Contrary to our previous report, they also exhibited effects on lutein. Bile extracts/pancreatin concentrations also participated in the bioaccessibility. The EMF, which consisted of lower amounts of oil, had the same effect on lutein as rapeseed oil. These reagents also showed effects in the aging model, with more reduced bile extract/pancreatin concentrations, suggesting that lipids and EMF contributed to carotenoid bioaccessibility in bile/pancreatic juice secretions due to aging and disease.