[Walter Büngeler (1900-1987) : Nazi victim or political influencer in Brazil?] / Walter Büngeler (1900­1987) : Opfer der NS-Zeit oder nationalsozialistischer Kontaktmann in Brasilien?

Walter Büngeler is one of the best known German pathologists of the 20th century. He became internationally known for his basic research on leukaemia and the pathology of tumours. In 1936 he left Europe for Brazil but returned in 1942. After 1945, he staged himself as a political victim who had been expelled first by the National Socialists and later from Brazil. In fact, with this portrayal he succeeded in passing the denazification procedure without any damage and in continuing and considerably expanding his university career. Until the recent past, Büngeler was described in the relevant literature as a Nazi critic or victim. But does the presentation handed down by Büngeler stand up to a critical examination of the facts?On the basis of contemporary sources, the article reveals serious differences between Büngeler's statements and historical facts. It can be shown that Büngeler's allegations in denazification were incorrect in all relevant aspects.

German pathologist Walter Büngeler (1900-1987)-Nazi victim or political influencer in Brazil?

One of the most wellknown German pathologists of the twentieth century, Walter Büngeler became internationally known for his elemental research on leukemia and the pathology of tumors. In 1936, Büngeler left Nazi Germany for Brazil, but returned to Germany in 1942. After the war ended in 1945, Büngeler portrayed himself as a political victim who had been expelled first by the National Socialists and later by the Brazilian government, and in fact, he was able to successfully perpetuate this image and emerged unscathed from his de-Nazification procedure, continuing on to a successful university career with stations in Kiel and Munich as both professor and dean, as well as a term as DGP president. Up until very recently, Büngeler was portrayed in literature as a victim and critic of Nazism. Does this self-portrayal stand up to a critical examination of the facts? It is precisely this question that is the focus of this article. The analysis draws upon primary sources; namely, Büngeler's own claims from a curriculum vitae filled out in 1943 as well as his de-Nazification file from the post-war period. This article exposes significant contradictions between these two sources. The statements Büngeler made in his de-Nazification file can be verified as false in all relevant aspects. Nevertheless, Büngeler managed to create a wide-reaching and successful version of himself; a picture which persisted until only very recently.

JOSE VEROCAY - "Pragues pathologist". The history of a Latin-American doctor.

José Verocay (Paysandú 1876 - Eichwald/Dubí, Bohemia 1927) was a Uruguayan anatomopathologist, recognized worldwide as "Prague's pathologist" (Fig. 1). In 1910, he described, for the first time, the morphological structure later called Verocay's bodies, which are used for diagnosing schwannoma. He spent the end of the XIXth century and the beginning of XXth century in Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague. During the last years of his life, he tried unsuccessfully to reintegrate himself into the Uruguayan academic community. In 1927, he passed away in Eichwald, Teplitz district, Bohemia. Keywords: Prague's pathologist - Veroca y - Verocay's bodies.

José Verocay, el "patólogo de Praga" (1876-1927) / José Verocay, "Prague's pathologist" (1876-1927) / José Verocay, "o patologista de Praga" (1876-1927)

José Verocay (Paysandú, 1876-Teplitz Bohemia, 1927) fue un médico anatomopatólogo uruguayo de reconocimiento internacional, quién en 1910 describió, por primera vez, las estructuras que más tarde fueran nombradas como "cuerpos de Verocay", consideradas de fundamental importancia en el diagnóstico de Schwannoma (a pesar de no ser exclusivos del mismo). Su formación personal y científica se desarrolló en Europa en la Universidad Carolina de Praga, culminando con el máximo cargo académico posible de obtener en sus condiciones, el Privat Dozent (1910). Luego de su exilio, en 1919 regresa a Uruguay donde obtiene el cargo de Profesor de Anatomía Patológica en la Escuela de Odontología (1925). Ese mismo año aspira al cargo de Profesor de Anatomía Patológica de la Facultad de Medicina, cargo al cuál no accede generando una gran controversia entre médicos y estudiantes. En 1927 debido al deterioro de su salud, decide viajar a Viena en pos de su cura, en Uruguay se le realiza un Homenaje público a iniciativa de los estudiantes de odontología de la época, realizado en el Salón de Actos de la Facultad de Medicina, en donde por aquellos años se formaban los futuros odontólogos. Allí los propios estudiantes lo proclaman: "Maestro insigne de la generación médica actual", "Profesor por derecho propio de la Juventud médica". Fallece en Eichwald, distrito de Teplitz, Bohemia, en 1927, con 51 años de edad. Este artículo busca ser un breve repaso de su trayectoria académica en el Uruguay y en el mundo.

José Verocay (Paysandú 1876-Teplitz Bohemia 1927) was an Uruguayan pathologist of international recognition. In 1910 he described for the first time the structures that were later named "Verocay's bodies", considered of fundamental importance in the diagnosis of schwannoma (also present in other pathologies). His personal and scientific training was carried out in Europe at the University Carolina in Prague, culminating with the maximum academic position, Privat Dozent (1910). After his exile, in 1919, he returned to Uruguay where he obtained the position of Professor of Pathological Anatomy at the School of Dentistry (1925). That year he aspired to the position of Professor of Pathological Anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine, a position which he did not get, generating a great controversy between doctors and students. In 1927 due to the deterioration of his health, he decided to travel to Vienna looking after his cure. In Uruguay a public tribute was made by the initiative of the students of dentistry, it took place in the Hall of Acts of the Faculty of Medicine, where, in those years, the future odontologists were educated. There, the students themselves proclaimed him "Master of the current medical generation", "Professor in his own right Medical Youth". He passed away in Eichwald, Teplitz district in Bohemia, in 1927 at the age of 51. This article seeks to be a brief review of his academic career in Uruguay and in the world.

José Verocay (Paysandú, 1876-Teplitz Bohemia, 1927) foi um anatomopatologista médico uruguaio de reconhecimento internacional, que em 1910 descreveu, pela primeira vez, as estruturas que mais tarde foram chamadas "corpos de Verocay", considerados de fundamental importância na diagnóstico de schwannoma (apesar de não ser exclusivo dele). Seu treinamento pessoal e científico foi desenvolvido na Europa na Universidade da Carolina em Praga, culminando com o máximo de posição acadêmica possível para obter nas suas condições, o Privat Dozent (1910). Após o seu exílio, em 1919 voltou ao Uruguai onde obteve o cargo de Professor de Anatomia Patológica na Faculdade de Odontologia (1925). No mesmo ano, ele aspirou ao cargo de Professor de Anatomia Patológica da Faculdade de Medicina, cargo que não tem acesso a gerar uma grande controvérsia entre médicos e estudantes. Em 1927, devido à deterioração de sua saúde, ele decidiu viajar para Viena em busca de sua cura, no Uruguai foi feito um tributo público a iniciativa dos estudantes de odontologia da época, realizada no Salão da Assembléia da Faculdade de Medicina, onde naqueles anos os dentistas futuros foram formados. Os próprios estudantes proclamam: "Mestre da geração médica de hoje", "Professora por direito próprio da juventude médica". Ele morreu em Eichwald, distrito de Teplitz, Bohemia, em 1927, com 51 anos de idade. Este artigo pretende ser uma breve revisão de sua carreira acadêmica no Uruguai e no mundo.