Free medial plantar flap connection with a posterior tibial artery flap and its modification for combined dorsal and plantar foot defects - two case reports.

Reconstruction of large soft tissue foot defects were considered a difficult issue due to weight-bearing function of the foot. The reconstruction becomes more difficult when both plantar and dorsal soft tissues are involved. The options for the reconstruction were variable, in 2016 Hao Wu et al. presented a combined flap for coverage of combined fore-foot plantar and dorsal soft tissue defects. We used combined flaps in two cases and present our experience in this article.

Free vascularized medial femoral condyle periosteal flaps in the ankle and foot region: A narrative review.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the role and reliability of the free medial femoral condyle (MFC) flap (MFCF) in demanding foot and ankle reconstruction procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of the MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase electronic databases was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines between January 2008 and September 2023. Articles concerning free MFC bone flaps for reconstruction of the foot and ankle regions were included. Outcomes of interest included flap failure, complications, union rate, time to union, and functional scores. RESULTS: Twenty studies involving 131 patients met the inclusion criteria. The most common clinical indications for the free MFCF were nonunion, avascular necrosis, and osteomyelitis. The most common sites of nonunion were tibiotalar arthrodesis (50%) and subtalar arthrodesis (33%). Overall, the bony union rate was 93.1%, with a mean time to union of 14.6±0.1 weeks. There were no flap failures reported. Postoperative complications were observed in 39 (29.7%) cases (e.g., delayed donor site wound healing, flap debulking, medial condyle osteonecrosis, and donor site numbness), with 21 (16%) patients requiring further operative intervention. No major donor or recipient site morbidity occurred, except for one case. CONCLUSION: Free MFCFs offer a versatile and dependable choice for cases of foot and ankle reconstruction, displaying favorable rates of bone fusion and acceptable complication rates. Existing literature indicates that MFC reconstruction in the foot and ankle is not associated with significant morbidity at the donor or recipient sites. The pooled data demonstrated a 93% success rate in achieving bone fusion in the foot and ankle region, supporting the view that it can be considered another option of treatment.

Effectiveness of synthetic versus autologous bone grafts in foot and ankle surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: All orthopaedic procedures, comprising foot and ankle surgeries, seemed to show a positive trend, recently. Bone grafts are commonly employed to fix bone abnormalities resulting from trauma, disease, or other medical conditions. This study specifically focuses on reviewing the safety and efficacy of various bone substitutes used exclusively in foot and ankle surgeries, comparing them to autologous bone grafts. METHODS: The systematic search involved scanning electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane online library, and Web of Science, employing terms like 'Bone substitute,' 'synthetic bone graft,' 'Autograft,' and 'Ankle joint.' Inclusion criteria encompassed RCTs, case-control studies, and prospective/retrospective cohorts exploring different bone substitutes in foot and ankle surgeries. Meta-analysis was performed using R software, integrating odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Cochrane's Q test assessed heterogeneity. RESULTS: This systematic review analyzed 8 articles involving a total of 894 patients. Out of these, 497 patients received synthetic bone grafts, while 397 patients received autologous bone grafts. Arthrodesis surgery was performed in five studies, and three studies used open reduction techniques. Among the synthetic bone grafts, three studies utilized a combination of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor BB homodimer (rhPDGF-BB) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) collagen, while four studies used hydroxyapatite compounds. One study did not provide details in this regard. The meta-analysis revealed similar findings in the occurrence of complications, as well as in both radiological and clinical evaluations, when contrasting autografts with synthetic bone grafts. CONCLUSION: Synthetic bone grafts show promise in achieving comparable outcomes in radiological, clinical, and quality-of-life aspects with fewer complications. However, additional research is necessary to identify the best scenarios for their use and to thoroughly confirm their effectiveness. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Level II.

Comparing the Efficacy of Foot Reflexology and Benson's Relaxation on Anxiety and Physiologic Parameters After Cesarean Surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of foot reflexology and Benson's relaxation on anxiety and physiologic parameters after cesarean surgery. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial with three parallel arms. SETTING: Gynecologic ward of the Persian Gulf Martyrs Hospital in Bushehr, Iran, in 2020. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Women undergoing cesarean surgery (n = 135) were selected by convenience sampling and divided via block randomization into three groups of foot reflexology, Benson's relaxation interventions, and control group (n = 45 in each group). Interventions were performed 2 hours after cesarean surgery. MEASUREMENTS: Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, mercury sphygmomanometer, and pulse oximeter were used to collect the data. Anxiety was measured before and 30 minutes after the intervention. Physiologic parameters were measured before the intervention and immediately, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes after the intervention. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics. RESULTS: The mean score of situational anxiety after the intervention was significantly lower than before the intervention in the reflexology (t = 6.171; 95% confidence interval [CI] [5.66, 11.14]) and Benson's relaxation groups (t = 7.362; 95% CI [5.91, 9.85]). However, changes in the control group were not significant (t = 1.674; 95% CI [-0.24, 2.55]). Decreases in anxiety scores were similar in the two intervention groups. After intervention, in most measurement times, respiratory rate and pulse rate decreased in the two intervention groups compared to the control group, and arterial oxygen saturation and systolic blood pressure increased. CONCLUSION: Considering the effect of both interventions on decreasing anxiety and improving most physiologic parameters, it seems that foot reflexology and Benson's relaxation can be recommended after cesarean surgery.

The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Pain and Kinesiophobia in Patients Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study.

Nonpharmacological methods are used in the management of pain and kinesiophobia following total knee arthroplasty. The aim of this double-blind randomized controlled trial was to examine the effect of foot reflexology on pain and kinesiophobia in patients following total knee arthroplasty. A total of 40 patients (20 in the control group and 20 in the intervention group) were randomly assigned to either of two groups for the study. The intervention group was exposed to foot reflexology. Postoperative Visual Analog Scale scores decreased faster in the intervention group compared to the control group (F = 80.417; p < .001; η2 = 0.685). The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores decreased in the intervention group over time, while they increased in the control group (p < .05). While a gradual increase was observed in the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia scores in the control group, there was a decrease in the intervention group (F = 84.860; p < .001; η2 = 0.696). The amount of analgesics used was lower in the intervention group (p < .05). Foot reflexology can be applied as an effective and safe method to manage pain and kinesiophobia in total knee arthroplasty patients.

Angioleiomyoma of the Foot: Clinical and Functional Outcomes of Surgical Treatment in a Case Series.

BACKGROUND: Angioleiomyoma is a benign soft-tissue tumor that arises from the smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of the blood vessels. Although the most common location for these neoplasms is the uterine wall, they can also originate from lower limbs. Altogether, these neoplasms account for 0.2% of all those located in the foot and ankle region. Signs and symptoms of foot angioleiomyoma can be a localized pain, swelling, and functional impairment. To date, only case reports and case series with small populations have been reported in the literature to describe the clinical picture of these neoplasms and the effectiveness of surgical treatment. In this study, we report our results of surgical treatment for angioleiomyomas of the foot. METHODS: Thirteen cases suffering from angioleiomyoma of the foot underwent surgical resection in our institution between January of 2017 and January of 2022. For each case, we recorded preoperative and postoperative symptoms, and their preoperative and postoperative functional status according to both Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (MSTS) and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS). Eventual complications and local recurrence were reported. RESULTS: Each patient had at least mild pain before surgical treatment. The mean preoperative MSTS and AOFAS were 22.1 and 76.8, respectively. The mean tumor size was 17.7mm. Preoperatively, each patient underwent resection with wide margins. None had local recurrences or major complications at their latest follow-up. After surgery, the mean postoperative MSTS and AOFAS increased to 29.5 and 98.8, respectively. Each case had a marked increment of their functionality and a reduction of their pain after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that surgical approach with tumor resection should be considered a safe and reliable treatment for foot angioleiomyomas in light of the extremely low risk of local recurrence and because of the good postoperative pain relief and functional restoration that can be obtained after the treatment.

Design of 3D printing osteotomy block for foot based on triply periodic minimal surface.

The ankle joint, which connects the lower limbs and the sole of the foot, is prone to sprain during walking and sports, which leads to ankle arthritis. Supratroleolar osteotomy is an ankle preserving operation for the treatment of ankle arthritis, in which the osteotomy is an important fixing and supporting part. In order to avoid stress shielding effect as much as possible, the osteotomy block is designed as a porous structure. In this study, the osteotomy block was designed based on three-period minimal surface, and the designed structure was manufactured by 3D printing. The mechanical properties of different structures were studied by mechanical test and finite element simulation. In mechanical tests, the Gyroid structure showed a progressive failure mechanism from bottom to bottom, while the Diamond structure showed a shear failure zone at 45° Angle, which was not conducive to energy absorption and was more prone to brittle fracture than the Gyroid structure. Therefore, the Gyroid structure is valuable for further research in the development of porous osteotomy.

Perfusion increase in foot angiosomes: Comparison between direct and indirect revascularization of crural arteries.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In retrospective studies, wound healing and leg salvage have been better if revascularization is targeted to the crural artery supplying arterial flow to the wound angiosome. No data exist on how revascularization changes the blood flow in foot angiosomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in perfusion after infrapopliteal artery revascularization in all foot angiosomes and to compare directly revascularized (DR) angiosomes to the indirectly revascularized (IR) angiosomes. METHODS: In this prospective study, foot perfusion was measured with indocyanine green fluorescence imaging (ICG-FI) before and after either surgical or endovascular below-knee revascularization. According to angiograms, we divided the foot angiosomes into DR and IR angiosomes. Furthermore, in a subanalysis, the IR angiosomes were graded as IR_Coll+ angiosomes if there were strong collaterals arising from the artery which was revascularized, and as IR_Coll- angiosomes if strong collaterals were not seen. RESULTS: A total of 72 feet (28 bypass, 44 endovascular revascularizations) and 282 angiosomes were analyzed. Surgical and endovascular revascularization increased perfusion significantly in both DR and IR angiosomes. After bypass surgery, the increase in DR angiosomes was 55 U and 53 U in IR angiosomes; there were no significant difference in the perfusion increase between IR and DR angiosomes. After endovascular revascularization, perfusion increased significantly more, 40 U, in DR angiosomes compared to 26 U in IR angiosomes (p < 0.05). In the subanalysis of IR angiosomes, perfusion increased significantly after surgical bypass regardless of whether strong collaterals were present or not. After endovascular revascularization, however, a significant perfusion increase was noted in the IR_Coll+ but not in the IR_Coll- subgroup. CONCLUSION: Open revascularization increased perfusion equally in DR and IR angiosomes, whereas endovascular revascularization increased perfusion significantly more in DR than in IR angiosomes. Strong collateral network may help increase perfusion in IR angiosomes.

A finite element model of human hindfoot and its application in supramalleolar osteotomy.

BACKGROUND: The majority of the ankle osteoarthritis cases are posttraumatic and affect younger patients with a longer projected life span. Hence, joint-preserving surgery, such as supramalleolar osteotomy becomes popular among young patients, especially those with asymmetric arthritis due to alignment deformities. However, there is a lack of biomechanical studies on postoperative evaluation of stress at ankle joints. We aimed to construct a verifiable finite element model of the human hindfoot, and to explore the effect of different osteotomy parameters on the treatment of varus ankle arthritis. METHODS: The bones of the hindfoot are reconstructed using normal CT tomography data from healthy volunteers, while the cartilages and ligaments are determined from the literature. The finite element calculation results are compared with the weight-bearing CT (WBCT) data to validate the model. By setting different model parameters, such as the osteotomy height (L) and the osteotomy distraction distance (h), the effects of different surgical parameters on the contact stress of the ankle joint surface are compared. FINDINGS: The alignment and the deformation of hindfoot bones as determined by the finite element analysis aligns closely with the data obtained from WBCT. The maximum contact stress of the ankle joint surface calculated by this model increases with the increase of the varus angle. The maximum contact stresses as a function of the L and h of the ankle joint surface are determined. INTERPRETATION: The relationship between surgical parameters and stress at the ankle joint in our study could further help guiding the planning of the supramalleolar osteotomy according to the varus/valgus alignment of the patients.

Changes in Foot Width in Minimally Invasive Bunionectomy.

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive bunionectomy (MISB) has emerged as a popular approach to treat symptomatic hallux valgus deformity. Although previous studies focused on distal foot width changes postsurgery, this research introduces a novel midshaft measurement to evaluate proximal transverse midfoot width, aiming for a comprehensive understanding of foot changes post-MISB. METHODS: A retrospective review of 44 HV patients from an institutional registry was conducted. Demographic data, surgical details, radiographs, and foot width measurements were collected. Changes in hallux valgus angle (HVA) and intermetatarsal angle (IMA) were also measured. RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) demonstrated good to excellent interobserver reliability (all ICCs > 0.70) for all measurements. MISB resulted in a consistent reduction in distal foot width (P < .001). These reductions correlated with changes in HVA and IMA, suggesting that the extent of deformity correction influenced distal foot width: distal bone width decreased an average of 8 mm, P < .001). However, midshaft bony width increased an average of 4 mm, P < .001). Changes in midshaft foot width showed no correlation with HVA or IMA alterations. CONCLUSION: We found in this cohort of 44 patients that MISB for HV leads to an expected decrease in distal bony foot width but, on average, an increase in midshaft foot width.

The investigation of effect on foot plantar massage on functional recovery in older adults with general surgery, randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: Foot massage is known to be effective on the emotional state (anxiety, depression, etc.) in the postoperative period. However, studies on its effect on functional level are insufficient. AIM: The study aimed to investigate the impact of foot plantar massage on functional recovery in older adults undergoing general surgery, employing a randomized clinical trial design. METHODS: A total of 70 older adults aged 65 years and above who underwent abdominal surgery were included. Various assessments were conducted, including pain levels (Visual Analogue Scale), fear of mobility (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia), functional independence (Functional Independence Measure), balance (Berg Balance Scale), basic mobility (Rivermead Mobility Index), mental function status (Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination), and delirium (Nu-DESC). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed in some assessment parameters within the groups during the 2nd and 3rd measurement times, with the intervention group demonstrating significant mean differences. DISCUSSIONS: The literature underscores the increase in kinesiophobia scores post-general/abdominal surgery in older adults, emphasizing the importance of evaluating functional level and kinesiophobia to expedite discharge processes and potentially plan early post-discharge rehabilitation to mitigate readmissions for functional reasons. CONCLUSIONS: Ultimately, foot massage was found to be effective in reducing kinesiophobia, improving balance, mobility, daily living skills, and mental status in older adults post-abdominal surgery, thereby advocating for the facilitation of post-discharge rehabilitation programs or the reduction of readmission rates. THE CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER: NCT05534490.

Critical Portions of a Foot or Ankle Surgical Procedure From Patient and Surgeon Perspectives.

BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, overlapping procedures in orthopaedic surgery have come under increased public scrutiny. Central to this discussion is what should constitute a "critical portion" of any surgical procedure-a definition which may differ between patients and surgeons. This study therefore aimed to assess which components of three common foot and ankle procedures are considered "critical" from both the patient and surgeon perspectives. METHODS: For this survey-based study, questionnaires were administered to patients who presented to an orthopaedic foot and ankle clinic and separately administered to foot and ankle surgeons through e-mail. The questionnaires broached all steps involved in three common foot and ankle procedures: open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fracture, Achilles tendon repair, and ankle arthroscopy. Respondents were asked to characterize each step as "always critical," "often critical," sometimes critical," rarely critical," or "never critical." A combined "always critical" and "often critical" response rate of greater than 50% was used to define a step as genuinely critical. Patient and surgeon responses were thereafter compared using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests ( P -value <0.05 was considered significant). RESULTS: Notably, both patients and surgeons considered informed consent, preoperative marking of the surgical site, preoperative time-out, surgical soft-tissue dissection, and certain procedure-specific steps (critical portions) of these procedures. By contrast, only patients considered skin incision and wound closure to be critical steps. CONCLUSION: Patients and surgeons were largely in agreement as to what should comprise the critical portions of several common foot and ankle procedures. Certain discrepancies did exist, however, such as skin incision and closure, and both groups were also in general agreement regarding what was not considered a critical component of these operations. Such findings highlight a potential opportunity for improved preoperative patient education and patient-physician communication. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV: Evidence from well-designed case-control or cohort studies.

Anesthesia for the Patient Undergoing Foot and Ankle Surgery.

Modern anesthetic management for foot and ankle surgery includes a variety of anesthesia techniques including general anesthesia, neuraxial anesthesia, or MAC in combination with peripheral nerve blocks and/or multimodal analgesic agents. The choice of techniques should be tailored to the nature of the procedure, patient comorbidities, anesthesiologist skill level, intensity of anticipated postoperative pain, and surgeon preference.

Considerations Regarding Vitamin D in Foot and Ankle Treatment and Surgery.

Although the impact that vitamin D has on bone healing is uncertain in foot and ankle (F&A) surgery, there is support for vitamin D supplementation (2000 IU/day) with calcium (1 g/day) to promote bone healing. Although orthopedic F&A surgeons are frequently the first provider to detect the harbingers of osteoporosis by the occurrence of fragility fractures, this should trigger referral to the appropriate specialist for assessment and treatment. There is circumstantial evidence suggesting a role of hypovitaminosis D in bone marrow edema syndrome and possibly osteochondritis dissecans. There should be a low threshold for assessing vitamin D levels in such patients.

Effects of tendon elongation on plantar pressure and clinical outcomes: A comparative analysis between open repair and minimally invasive surgery.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess whether variances in Achilles tendon elongation are linked to dissimilarities in the plantar pressure distribution following two different surgical approaches for an Achilles tendon rupture (ATR). METHODS: All patients who were treated with open or minimally invasive surgical repair (MIS) and were over 2 years post their ATR were eligible for inclusion. A total of 65 patients with an average age of 43 ± 11 years were included in the study. Thirty-five patients were treated with open repair, and 30 patients were treated with MIS. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and ATR Score (ATRS). Achilles tendon elongation was measured using axial and sagittal magnetic resonance imaging scans. Plantar pressure measurements for the forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot during gait were divided into percentages based on total pressure, measured in g/cm2 for each area. RESULTS: The average AOFAS score was found 'excellent' (93 ± 2.8) in the MIS group, while it was found 'good' (87.4 ± 5.6) in the open repair group. In addition, the MIS group showed significantly superior ATRS scores (78.8 ± 7.4) compared to the open repair group (56.4 ± 15.4) (p < 0.001). The average tendon elongation in the MIS group was 11.3 ± 2 mm, while it was 17.3 ± 4.3 mm (p < 0.001) in the open repair group. While the open repair group showed significantly higher plantar pressure distribution in the initial contact and preswing phases compared to uninjured extremities, there was no significant difference between the uninjured extremities and the MIS group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrated that minimally invasive surgery was associated with less tendon elongation, more proximity to the plantar pressure distributions of the uninjured extremity and superior clinical outcomes compared to open surgical repair. Therefore, minimally invasive surgery may be considered a more suitable option for acute Achilles tendon repair to achieve overall better outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

[Minimally invasive intelligent innovative technologies in foot and ankle surgery: development status and prospects].

The rapid development of technology has ushered in a new era of minimally invasive and intelligent surgery.Minimally invasive surgeries, such as small incision, percutaneous surgery, arthroscopic surgery, and endoscopic surgery, have contributed to less invasive surgical trauma, better cosmesis, and faster recovery. Furthermore, the recent adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) has introduced new assistances and tools for minimally invasive foot and ankle surgery. By the help of advanced AI algorithms, surgeons can accurately make diagnose and personalized treatment strategies. Applications of computer-assisted navigation systems and robotics have facilitated precise surgical procedures and real-time confirmation of surgical outcomes. Foot and ankle surgery has lagged behind other surgical specialties in adopting these advancements. Currently, the integration of various forms of minimally invasive surgery and AI technology stand as the main trend in the development of foot and ankle surgery. It is believed that in the near future, intelligent minimally invasive surgery will become the mainstream in the domain of foot and ankle.

The effectiveness of ambulatory continuous popliteal sciatic nerve blockade on patient-reported overall benefit of analgesia in patients undergoing foot or ankle surgery (CAREFREE trial); a randomized, open label, non-inferiority trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Management of pain after foot and ankle surgery remains a concern for patients and healthcare professionals. This study determined the effectiveness of ambulatory continuous popliteal sciatic nerve blockade, compared to standard of care, on overall benefit of analgesia score (OBAS) in patients undergoing foot or ankle surgery. We hypothesized that usage of ambulatory continuous popliteal sciatic nerve blockade is non-inferior to standard of care. DESIGN: Single center, randomized, non-inferiority trial. SETTING: Tertiary hospital in the Netherlands. PATIENTS: Patients were enrolled if ≥18 years and scheduled for elective inpatient foot or ankle surgery. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomized to ambulatory continuous popliteal sciatic nerve blockade or standard of care. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was the difference in OBAS, which includes pain, side effects of analgesics, and patient satisfaction, measured daily from the first to the third day after surgery. A non-inferiority margin of 2 was set as the upper limit for the 90% confidence interval of the difference in OBAS score. Mixed-effects modeling was employed to analyze differences in OBAS scores over time. Secondary outcome was the difference in opioid consumption. MAIN RESULTS: Patients were randomized to standard of care (n = 22), or ambulatory continuous popliteal sciatic nerve blockade (n = 22). Analyzing the first three postoperative days, the OBAS was significantly lower over time in the ambulatory continuous popliteal sciatic nerve blockade group compared to standard of care, demonstrating non-inferiority (-1.9 points, 90% CI -3.1 to -0.7). During the first five postoperative days, patients with ambulatory continuous popliteal sciatic nerve blockade consumed significantly fewer opioids over time compared to standard of care (-8.7 oral morphine milligram equivalents; 95% CI -16.1 to -1.4). CONCLUSIONS: Ambulatory continuous popliteal sciatic nerve blockade is non-inferior to standard of care with single shot popliteal sciatic nerve blockade on patient-reported overall benefit of analgesia.

Tumours of the foot: A 10 years retrospective analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The foot is a complex structure composed of several tissues, each of which can be the origin of the proliferation and development of the tumour. Most lesions about the foot are reactive or inflammatory, but some are true neoplasms. METHOD: This is a retrospective analysis of 4997 patient records treated in the Orthopaedic Oncology Unit of University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia, between 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020. Demographic data of 195 patients with foot tumours were analysed out of 4997 neoplasm patients. RESULTS: There were 195 cases of foot tumours: 148 were benign, and 47 were malignant. 47 were bone tumours, 4 were metastases, and 144 were soft tissue tumours. Six patients succumbed to the disease, two cases of giant cell tumour (GCT) and one patient with synovial sarcoma had a recurrence. Treatment of foot tumours was wide resection in general. However, in metastasis cases, amputation was done. The majority of tumours were in the toes and dorsum of the foot. Soft tissue tumours of the foot occur in the elderly population in contrast to bone tumours, mainly in the second decade of life. The gender distribution was almost equal for foot tumours. Ganglion and Giant Cell Tumour of the bone are the commonest benign soft tissue and bone tumours. The most common malignant soft tissue and bone tumours are malignant melanoma and chondrosarcoma. The amputation rate is 5.64% the recurrence rate is 1.54%. Mortality rate is 3.08%. The MSTS score is 79%, and the TESS score is 76.23%. CONCLUSION: Foot tumours are relatively rare, mostly originating from soft tissue and exhibiting a benign nature. Nonetheless, a noteworthy proportion-approximately a quarter of these tumours-demonstrate malignancy. The surgical interventions undertaken in managing these tumours and associated functional outcomes generally yield acceptable results.