Vitrification of canine ovarian tissue using the Ovarian Tissue Cryosystem (OTC) device.

The present study evaluated the effect of Ovarian Tissue Cryosystem (OTC) on follicular morphology and density, as well as on stromal cell density of vitrified canine ovarian tissue. Canine ovarian fragments collected from adult female dogs in stages of the random oestrous cycle were fixed (FC, fresh control) or vitrified (VIT) with an OTC device. After vitrification and warming, the fragments were fixed for histological analysis. Overall, the mean percentage of normal pre-antral follicles decreased after vitrification procedure (FC: 74.5% ± 1.6% vs. VIT: 52.05% ± 1.5%). Although the rates of normal primordial (71.1% ± 1.8%) and secondary (0.7% ± 0.4%) follicles vitrified showed a reduction (p < .05), vitrification using OTC showed considerable preservation of follicles, when compared to the fresh control (81.1% ± 1.5% and 2.3% ± 0.6%, respectively). The mean follicular density was maintained after vitrification (FC: 199.65 ± 12.8 vs. VIT: 199.68 ± 10.8), whereas the stromal cell density decreased in the VIT group. Based on the results, we recommend the use of OTC for vitrification of canine ovarian tissue.

Comparative study between fructose 1-6 bisphosphate and histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate in liver preservation in rats submitted to total cold ischemia

Purpose To compare Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate (FBP) to Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate (HTK) in liver preservation at cold ischemia. Methods Male rats (Sprague-Dawley: 280-340g) divided into three groups (n=7): Control; Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP); Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate (HTK). Animals underwent laparotomy-thoracotomy for perfusion of livers with saline. Livers were removed and deposited into solutions. Mitochondria were isolated to determine State 3 (S3), State 4 (S4), Respiratory Control Ratio (RCR) and Swelling (S). Liver enzymes (AST, ALT, LDH) were determined in solution. At tissue, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nitrate (NOx) were determined. All parameters were analyzed at 0.6 and 24 hours of hypothermic preservation. Statistics analysis were made by Mann-Whitney test (p 0.05). Results Regarding ALT, there was a difference between FBP-6h/HTK-6h, lower in HTK. Regarding AST, there was a significant difference between FBP-24h/HTK-24h, lower in FBP. Regarding NOx, there was a difference between 0h and 6h, as well as 0h and 24h for both solutions. Regarding S3, there was a significant difference in 24h compared to Control-0h for both solutions, and a significant difference between FBP-6h/FBP-24h. Regarding S4, there was a difference between Control-0h/HTK-24h and FBP-24h/HTK-24h, higher in HTK. There was a difference between Control-0h/FBP-24h for Swelling, higher in FBP. Conclusion Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate showed better performance at nitrate and aspartate aminotransferase compared to histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate.(AU)

A new organ preservation solution for static cold storage of the liver. Amniotic fluid

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of amniotic fluid in liver preservation in organ transplantation, and compare it with standard preservation solutions. Methods: The groups consisted of Group 1: Ringer Lactate (RL) group, Group 2: HTK group, Group 3: UW group, Group 4: AF group. The livers of rats from Group 1, 2, 3, and 4 were perfused and placed into falcon tubes containing RL, HTK, UW, and AF solutions at +4°C, respectively. The tubes were stored for 12 hours in the refrigerator at +4°C. Tissue samples were taken at the 6th and 12th hours for histopathological examinations of the perfused livers, and storage solutions for biochemical analyzes at 6th and 12th hours. Results: AF was shown to maintain organ viability by reducing the number of cells undergoing apoptosis. Histopathological changes such as sinusoidal dilatation, hydropic degeneration, and focal necrosis were found to be similar to the groups in which the standard organ preservation solutions were used. Additionally, the results of INOS, IL-10, and TNF-,which were evaluated immunohistochemically, have been shown to be similar to the UW and HTK groups. Conclusions: AF provided conservation similar to UW and HTK in the 12-hour liver SCS process. The fact that apoptosis values are comparable to standard preservation solutions supports the success of AF in the cold storage of the liver.(AU)

Utilização de pericárdio bovino conservado em glicerina 98% em ferida pós cirúrgica de carcinoma de células escamosas em equino – relato de caso / Use of bovine pericardium preserved in glycerin 98% in post surgical wound squamous cell carcinoma in horses - case report(AU)

Um equino macho, com 6 anos de idade, foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário, com carcinoma de células escamosa, após o animal ter sido previamente tratado com quimioterápico 5 Fluorouracil tópico para reduzir a ferida, após o tratamento foi realizado a excisão cirúrgica do tumor, e na lesão resultante do procedimento cirúrgico, foi realizado o curativo com pericárdio bovino conservado em glicerina a 98%, o tratamento durou 30 dias com boa remissão da ferida, apresentando boa contração da ferida, sem produção de secreção. O pericárdio bovino é uma opção barata e de fácil conservação em feridas extensas em equinos.

A 6-year-old male horse was treated at the Veterinary Hospital with squamous cell carcinoma after the animal had been previously treated with topical Fluorouracil 5 to reduce the wound, after the treatment the tumor was excised surgically, and in the lesion resulting from the surgical procedure, the dressing was performed with 98% glycerin preserved bovine pericardium, the treatment lasted for 30 days with good wound remission, showing good contraction of the wound, without secretion. The bovine pericardium is an inexpensive and easy-care option in extensive wounds on horses.

Utilização de pericárdio bovino conservado em glicerina 98% em ferida pós cirúrgica de carcinoma de células escamosas em equino relato de caso / Use of bovine pericardium preserved in glycerin 98% in post surgical wound squamous cell carcinoma in horses - case report(AU)

Um equino macho, com 6 anos de idade, foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário, com carcinoma de células escamosa, após o animal ter sido previamente tratado com quimioterápico 5 Fluorouracil tópico para reduzir a ferida, após o tratamento foi realizado a excisão cirúrgica do tumor, e na lesão resultante do procedimento cirúrgico, foi realizado o curativo com pericárdio bovino conservado em glicerina a 98%, o tratamento durou 30 dias com boa remissão da ferida, apresentando boa contração da ferida, sem produção de secreção. O pericárdio bovino é uma opção barata e de fácil conservação em feridas extensas em equinos.(AU)

A 6-year-old male horse was treated at the Veterinary Hospital with squamous cell carcinoma after the animal had been previously treated with topical Fluorouracil 5 to reduce the wound, after the treatment the tumor was excised surgically, and in the lesion resulting from the surgical procedure, the dressing was performed with 98% glycerin preserved bovine pericardium, the treatment lasted for 30 days with good wound remission, showing good contraction of the wound, without secretion. The bovine pericardium is an inexpensive and easy-care option in extensive wounds on horses.(AU)

O uso da glicerina residual na conservação de rins de bovinos / Use of residual glycerin in bovine kidney conservation

Com o aumento na produção do biodiesel, uma grande quantidade de glicerina bruta foi lançada no mercado derrubando seus preços, e por ter alto impacto ambiental, não pode ser descartada no meio ambiente. Uma das formas de se absorver o excedente de glicerina produzida é a sua utilização na conservação de peças anatômicas. O uso da glicerina purificada nos laboratórios de anatomia animal têm mostrado excelentes resultados quando comparados a outros métodos de conservação. Frente ao exposto, o presente trabalho visa empregar o uso da glicerina bruta na conservação de peças anatômicas em substituição a glicerina purificada, sem perder a qualidade de conservação das peças viabilizando seu uso nos laboratórios de anatomia e reduzindo assim o descarte de produtos nocivos ao meio ambiente.

With the increase in the production of biodiesel a lot of crude glycerin was launched on the market dropping their prices and have high environmental impact cannot be discarded in the environment. One of the ways to absorb the glycerin produced surplus is its use in the preservation of anatomical parts. The use of purified glycerin in animal anatomy laboratories has shown excellent results when compared to other conservation methods. Based on these this paper aims to employ the use of crude glycerin in the preservation of anatomical parts in the purified glycerin replacement without losing the quality of conservation of parts enabling its use in anatomy laboratories and thus reducing the disposal of products harmful to the environmental preservation.

O uso da glicerina residual na conservação de rins de bovinos / Use of residual glycerin in bovine kidney conservation

Com o aumento na produção do biodiesel, uma grande quantidade de glicerina bruta foi lançada no mercado derrubando seus preços, e por ter alto impacto ambiental, não pode ser descartada no meio ambiente. Uma das formas de se absorver o excedente de glicerina produzida é a sua utilização na conservação de peças anatômicas. O uso da glicerina purificada nos laboratórios de anatomia animal têm mostrado excelentes resultados quando comparados a outros métodos de conservação. Frente ao exposto, o presente trabalho visa empregar o uso da glicerina bruta na conservação de peças anatômicas em substituição a glicerina purificada, sem perder a qualidade de conservação das peças viabilizando seu uso nos laboratórios de anatomia e reduzindo assim o descarte de produtos nocivos ao meio ambiente. (AU)

With the increase in the production of biodiesel a lot of crude glycerin was launched on the market dropping their prices and have high environmental impact cannot be discarded in the environment. One of the ways to absorb the glycerin produced surplus is its use in the preservation of anatomical parts. The use of purified glycerin in animal anatomy laboratories has shown excellent results when compared to other conservation methods. Based on these this paper aims to employ the use of crude glycerin in the preservation of anatomical parts in the purified glycerin replacement without losing the quality of conservation of parts enabling its use in anatomy laboratories and thus reducing the disposal of products harmful to the environmental preservation. (AU)

Diferentes aplicações do pericárdio bovino preservado em 98% em cães (relato de 22 casos) / Different applications of bovine pericardium preserved in glycerol 98% in dogs - report of 22 cases / Diferentes aplicaciones do pericardio bovino conservado em glicerol 98% en perros - informe de 22 casos

As membranas biológicas e implantes sintéticos vêm sendo pesquisados com o objetivo de avaliar sua eficiência e ausência de efeitos indesejáveis, (como rejeição e resposta inflamatória exacerbada)na reparação de alterações anatômicas congênitas ou adquiridas. Dentre as membranas biológicas utilizadas, o pericárdio bovino é utilizado devido a algumas características desejáveis, como baixo custo e um nível insignificante de complicações. A glicerina a 98% é bastante utilizada para a preservação do pericárdio bovino devido a suas características químicas e biológicas. Assim sendo, este trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar a diversidade de indicação da utilização do pericárdio bovino conservado em glicerina 98% em 22 pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos em cães. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, não observando rejeição ao implante.(AU)

The biological membranes and synthetic implants have been studied aiming to evaluate it sefficiency and absence of un desirable effects such as rejection and exacerbated inflammatory response in the repair of congenital or acquired anatomical changes. Among the biological membranes used bovine pericardium is used mainly due to some desirable characteristics such as low cost and negligible level of complications. A 98% glycerin is widely used for the preservation of bovine pericardium because of its chemical and biological characteristics. Thus, this work aims to show the diversity of indication of theuse of bovine pericardium preserved in glycerol 98% in 22 patients undergoing surgical procedures indogs. The results observed is satisfactory and don't see rejection of the implant ar another undesirable complications.(AU)

Las membranas biológicas y los implantes sintéticos han sido estudiados con el objetivo de evaluar su eficacia y falta de efectos indeseables, tales como rechazo y exacerbada respuesta inflamatoria en la reparación de los cambios anatómicos congénitos o adquiridos. Entre las membranas biológicas utilizadas pericardio bovino se utiliza principalmente debido ai bajo costo y las un nivel insignificante de complicaciones. Un glicerina 98% es ampliamente utilizado para la preservación de pericardio bovino para dividir sus características químicas y biológicas. Para tanto, este trabajo pretende mostrar la diversidad de la indicación dei uso de pericardio bovino conservado en glicerol ai 98% en 22 pacientes sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos en los perros. Los resultados fureran buenos y no observaron rechazo dei implante.(AU)

Diferentes aplicações do pericárdio bovino preservado em 98% em cães (relato de 22 casos) / Different applications of bovine pericardium preserved in glycerol 98% in dogs - report of 22 cases / Diferentes aplicaciones do pericardio bovino conservado em glicerol 98% en perros - informe de 22 casos

As membranas biológicas e implantes sintéticos vêm sendo pesquisados com o objetivo de avaliar sua eficiência e ausência de efeitos indesejáveis, (como rejeição e resposta inflamatória exacerbada)na reparação de alterações anatômicas congênitas ou adquiridas. Dentre as membranas biológicas utilizadas, o pericárdio bovino é utilizado devido a algumas características desejáveis, como baixo custo e um nível insignificante de complicações. A glicerina a 98% é bastante utilizada para a preservação do pericárdio bovino devido a suas características químicas e biológicas. Assim sendo, este trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar a diversidade de indicação da utilização do pericárdio bovino conservado em glicerina 98% em 22 pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos em cães. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, não observando rejeição ao implante.

The biological membranes and synthetic implants have been studied aiming to evaluate it sefficiency and absence of un desirable effects such as rejection and exacerbated inflammatory response in the repair of congenital or acquired anatomical changes. Among the biological membranes used bovine pericardium is used mainly due to some desirable characteristics such as low cost and negligible level of complications. A 98% glycerin is widely used for the preservation of bovine pericardium because of its chemical and biological characteristics. Thus, this work aims to show the diversity of indication of theuse of bovine pericardium preserved in glycerol 98% in 22 patients undergoing surgical procedures indogs. The results observed is satisfactory and don't see rejection of the implant ar another undesirable complications.

Las membranas biológicas y los implantes sintéticos han sido estudiados con el objetivo de evaluar su eficacia y falta de efectos indeseables, tales como rechazo y exacerbada respuesta inflamatoria en la reparación de los cambios anatómicos congénitos o adquiridos. Entre las membranas biológicas utilizadas pericardio bovino se utiliza principalmente debido ai bajo costo y las un nivel insignificante de complicaciones. Un glicerina 98% es ampliamente utilizado para la preservación de pericardio bovino para dividir sus características químicas y biológicas. Para tanto, este trabajo pretende mostrar la diversidad de la indicación dei uso de pericardio bovino conservado en glicerol ai 98% en 22 pacientes sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos en los perros. Los resultados fureran buenos y no observaron rechazo dei implante.

Novel wide-capacity method for vitrification of caprine ovaries: Ovarian Tissue Cryosystem (OTC).

In this study we aimed testing the efficiency of a newly developed device for vitrification of ovaries without contact with liquid nitrogen, Ovarian Tissue Cryosystem (OTC). From each ovarian pair, fragments were recovered and immediately fixed for analysis (fresh control) or submitted to vitrification (fragments, hemi-ovary or whole ovary), either or not followed by in vitro culture for two days. Vitrification was performed using the OTC system. The OTC is a cylindrical structure made by stainless steel and composed by three pieces (basis, insert and cover), which can be hermetically closed avoiding contact of the tissue with liquid nitrogen during vitrification. Before and after culture, the ovarian tissue was histologically evaluated. Independently from the size of the ovarian tissue, it was observed a decrease (P<0.05) in the rates of normal preantral follicles when fragments (58.1%), hemi-ovary (54.4%) and whole ovary (54.3%) were vitrified, in comparison with fresh control (68.1%). These data were confirmed by ultrastructural analysis, which showed a great extension of degeneration in follicles vitrified in the whole ovary. Follicular survival after vitrification followed by culture was higher (P<0.05) when ovarian fragments were vitrified (36.1%) than in those enclosed in vitrified hemi-ovary (22.3%) or whole ovary (18.4%). In conclusion, the Ovarian Tissue Cryosystem (OTC) opens a new possibility for successful vitrification of caprine ovarian fragments.

Goat and sheep ovarian tissue cryopreservation: Effects on the morphology and development of primordial follicles and density of stromal cell.

The effect of exposure to cryoprotectant and cryopreservation of goat and sheep ovarian cortical fragments on the morphology of primordial follicles, stromal cell density and follicular development was performed. Goat and sheep ovarian fragments were exposed to 1.0 or 1.5M ethylene glycol (EG) for 5, 10 or 20min, followed or not by conventional cryopreservation. Follicular morphology and stromal cell density were evaluated by means of classical histological analysis. In addition, ovarian fragments were cultured for 1 or 7 days after cryopreservation to evaluate follicular development. Both exposure to cryoprotectant and cryopreservation of goat and sheep ovarian tissue did affect the morphology of primordial follicles and stromal cell density, except when goat ovarian tissue was exposed to EG for 5min. Although exposure time did not influence follicular morphology in both species, increase in the exposure time from 5 to 20min did reduce goat stromal cell density. Increase in EG concentration from 1.0 to 1.5M did result in the decrease of the percentage of goat morphologically normal primordial follicles evaluated after exposure only. In vitro culture of frozen-thawed goat and sheep ovarian tissue showed that exposure to 1.0M, for 10min, before freezing of goat and sheep ovarian tissue does not impair follicular developmental capacity. In addition, stromal cell density may play a role in follicular survival and development after cryopreservation of ovarian tissue.

Short-term preservation of canine preantral follicles: Effects of temperature, medium and time.

The use of the large pool of preantral follicles is a promising alternative to provide high numbers of fertilizable oocytes to reproductive biotechnology. This issue is particularly important to canids, since current rates of success of in vitro techniques using oocytes are very limited, and many species within this family are threatened by extinction. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of temperature, medium and time on morphology and viability of canine preantral follicles during short-term preservation. Canine ovaries were cut into fragments which were incubated in 0.9% NaCl solution or in minimum essential medium (MEM) at 4, 20 or 38 degrees C for 2, 6, 12 or 24 h. Afterwards, preantral follicles were analyzed by histology, transmission electron microscopy and viability testing using trypan blue, calcein-AM and ethidium homodimer-1. Percentages of morphological normal and viable follicles were maintained similar to control (time 0 h) after incubation in 0.9% NaCl at 4 or 20 degrees C for up to 6h and at 38 degrees C for 2 h. Using MEM, such preservation was possible for 12h at 4 or 20 degrees C, and for 6h at 38 degrees C. These results indicate that preservation of canine preantral follicles might be better accomplished through hypothermic (4 or 20 degrees C) storage in MEM, which ensures maintenance of morphology and viability for up to 12h.

Niveles de peroxidación lipídica en rebanadas de corteza de riñones de rata preservadas a 4°C en solución de fosfatidilcolina de soya (FC) / Levels of lipid peroxidation in slices of rat kidneys crust preserved at 4 °C in solution of soybean phosphatidylcholine (FC)

Se ha descrito que la peroxidación lipídica (PL) conduce a una pérdida de la integridad estructural y funcional de las membranas celulares y a una disminución de su fluidez. Estos hallazgos biofísicos se correlacionan con trastornos en el funcionamiento de numerosas proteínas integrales de membrana, entre ellas, diversos sistemas ATPásicos. Trabajos previos han demostrado que la fosfatidilcolina de soya (FC de soya), rica en ácidos grasos poli-insaturados, ejerce un efecto protector sobre la inhibición del funcionamiento de la ATPasa de Na-K renal y una significvativa disminución de la PL inducida por la isquemia-reperfusión tisular. En el presente trabajo se reportan los niveles de PL y valores de la ATPasa de Na-K, obtenidos en rebanadas de corteza renal de ratas de las cepa Spargue-Dawley, preservadas las rebanadas a 4°C por 48 horas en solución buffer en presencia o no de FC de soya al 0,5%. Luego de almacenamiento las membranas eran extraídas y homogeneizadas para la cuantificación de los niveles de Sustancias Reactivas al Acido Tiobarbitúrico (SRAT) y de la actividad ATPásica de Na-K. El análisis de los datos fue ralizado utilizando la prueba de t-Student para datos agrupados. Los resultados indican que en rebanadas preservadas a 4°C incluidas en solución buffer sin FC de soya, los niveles de PL alcanzaron valores superiores al 50% respecto a aquellas que si fueron incluidas en solución con FC de soya al 0,5%. Estos resultados se correlacionaron con una significativa disminución en la actividad ATPásica de Na-K en las rebanadas de corteza renal no incluidas en soluci¢n de FC de soya. Los datos obtenidos indican que la FC de soya ejerce un efecto inhibidor sobre el incremento de los niveles de PL, previniendo la disminución de la actividad ATP sica de Na-K, abriendo nuevas posibilidades y metodologías experimentales para estudiar la generación de radicales libres in vitro.

Músculo diafragma homólogo conservado em soluçäo supersaturada de açúcar para reparaçäo de grande defeito no diafragma de cäo / Homologous diaphragm muscle conserved in supersaturated sugar solution to repar large defects in diaphragm of dogs

O comportamento cicatricial de um segmento muscular homólogo, conservado em soluçäo supersaturada de açúcar a 300 por cento, foi pesquisado no músculo diafragma de cäo. Foram utilizados nove cäes, adultos, três machos, sem raça definida com peso variando de 10,4 a 21,0kg, separados em três grupos de igual número denominados de I, II e III. Foi criado um defeito no hemidiafragma direito na porçäo muscular de dimensöes 9,0 x 6,0cm, através de torocotomia no 10§ espaço intercostal direito para fixaçäo do implante muscular com fio poliglactina 910 3-0, por meio de pontos de Wolff com sobreposiçäo de bordas. Os cäes foram observados por um período de 30 dias (grupo I), 75 dias (grupo II) e 120 dias (grupo III) de pös-operatörio, quando foram reoperados para observaçäo macroscópica e coleta de amostras para avaliaçäo histológica. Foi verificado nos animais do grupo I, substituiçäo parcial e nos grupos II e III, substituiçäo total da porçäo muscular do diagragma enxertado por tecido fibrovascular, que ocluía o defeito diafragmático, sendo observado com a evoluçäo pós-operatória, um tecido de menor espessura, quase transparente. O emprego de segmento de músculo diafragma, conservado em soluçäo supersaturada de açúcar a 300 por cento, em temperatura ambiente, para reparaçäo de grande defeito no músculo diafragma de cäo, é substituído por uma fina camada de tecido conjuntivo fibroso.

Desarrollo de un modelo canino de experimentación crónica en transplante unilateral de pulmón / Canine experimental model of single lung transplant

El modelo experimental canino de transplante unilateral de pulmón, constituye un método ampliamente difundido para el entrenamiento, estudio e investigación, de los distintos aspectos relacionados con este procedimiento terapéutico. Se desarrolla un programa de transplante a nivel experimental, con el objeto de estudiar desde el punto de vista clínico, quirúrgico y anatomopatológico la evolución de las primeras 6 semanas posteriores al injerto. Dicho programa fue dividido en tres etapas: 1a) autoinjerto pulmonar (7 animales) ; 2a) trasplante sin inmunosupresión (3 animales); 3a) trasplante con inmunosupresión (10 animales). En el grupo transplantado con inmunosupresión, 5 animales fallecieron antes del período preestablecido, mientras que los 5 restantes sobrevivieron 6 o más semanas. En todos los casos se efectuaron rediografías de tórax, gases en sangre y ciclosporinemia en forma seriada. El estudio anatomopatológico demostró rechazo agudo en 3 casos, histoplasmosis diseminada en 2, infarto hemorrágico del transplante en 2, mientras que 1 animal presentó pulmón normal a la 6a semana. Dos animales fallecieron en el postoperatorio inmediato. El rechazo agudo temprano fue un evento frecuente. No se observaron complicaciones con la anastomosis bronquial

Desarrollo de un modelo canino de experimentación crónica en transplante unilateral de pulmón / Canine experimental model of single lung transplant

El modelo experimental canino de transplante unilateral de pulmón, constituye un método ampliamente difundido para el entrenamiento, estudio e investigación, de los distintos aspectos relacionados con este procedimiento terapéutico. Se desarrolla un programa de transplante a nivel experimental, con el objeto de estudiar desde el punto de vista clínico, quirúrgico y anatomopatológico la evolución de las primeras 6 semanas posteriores al injerto. Dicho programa fue dividido en tres etapas: 1a) autoinjerto pulmonar (7 animales) ; 2a) trasplante sin inmunosupresión (3 animales); 3a) trasplante con inmunosupresión (10 animales). En el grupo transplantado con inmunosupresión, 5 animales fallecieron antes del período preestablecido, mientras que los 5 restantes sobrevivieron 6 o más semanas. En todos los casos se efectuaron rediografías de tórax, gases en sangre y ciclosporinemia en forma seriada. El estudio anatomopatológico demostró rechazo agudo en 3 casos, histoplasmosis diseminada en 2, infarto hemorrágico del transplante en 2, mientras que 1 animal presentó pulmón normal a la 6a semana. Dos animales fallecieron en el postoperatorio inmediato. El rechazo agudo temprano fue un evento frecuente. No se observaron complicaciones con la anastomosis bronquial