Surgical outcome of modified Karydakis flap and modified Limberg flab in the management of sacroccygeal pilonidal disease: a comparative study

Introduction: Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD) is a chronic suppurative condition of the sacrococcygeal region causing chronic sinus tract or cyst. It is an acquired complex disease more common in young adult males, causing considerable morbidity and long periods of interruption in work or education. From simple conservative techniques to complex flap reconstruction, many debatable treatment options are offered; however clear dynamics toward the widespread use of minimally invasive methods and off-midline flap reconstruction are suggested in all guidelines, which recommend the Karydakis and Limberg flap modification. The plethora of literature compares procedures for identification of a single best treatment approach, which has proven to be difficult. The surgical outcome of both techniques is compared in the present study. Objective: To compare the surgical outcomes of the modified Karydakis flap (MKF) versus the modified Limberg flap (MLF) in SPD. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at the general surgery department on SPD patients who were ≥18 years old. A total of 67 participants were included after obtaining the informed consent, with group A comprising 33 patients undergoing the MLF procedure and group B comprising 34 patients undergoing the MKF procedure. Results: The mean patient age was 28.85 (range, 18-44) years old. For the MKF and MLF methods, the average operating duration was 32.5 (range, 25-40) and 54.5 (range, 45-65) minutes, respectively. The MKF approach was found to significantly improve pain score, mean sitting painless time, return to normal activity, wound healing time, and patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Comparative outcomes were seen between both MKF and MLF; however, our findings show that MKF is a more favourable method than MLF with superior outcomes. (AU)

Sacrococcygeal teratoma: evaluation of its approach, treatment and follow-up in two reference children cancer centers in Brazil / Rio de Janeiro.

INTRODUCTION: sacrococcygeal teratoma (TSC) is the most common tumor of the neonatal period. Alphafetoprotein is an important tumor marker and is used in the follow-up period as a marker of malignancy. The complete surgical resection of the tumor associated with coccygectomy is the standard treatment and chemotherapy in different stages are necessary. Follow-up consists of serial exam: tumor markers, imaging searching to possible metastasis sites, in addition to a complete physical examination. METHODOLOGY: a descriptive, retrospective, study was carried out by analyzing a chart of 25 patients of two different reference children cancer center; with TSC in the State of Rio de Janeiro from 2004 to 2019. The clinical and epidemiological data collected were described and a comparison was made between these two centers studied. RESULTS: the sociodemographic characteristics found were similar to those described in the medical literature. Data related to treatment and follow-up, such as the use of chemotherapy, use of specific imaging tests, digital rectal examination, and outpatient follow-up, differed between the two centers studied. There was a 25% loss of follow-up. CONCLUSION: the characteristic of being a non-cancer center can interfere with the full application of the current protocol for the treatment of sacrococcygeal teratoma. The knowledge of the data of the studied cases can allow the optimization of the approach of the patients with this pathology and generate discussions about the integral application of the specific therapeutic protocol in the medical centers that are qualified for such treatment.

Reparación plástica con colgajo de Limberg en seno pilonidal sacrococcigeo / Plastic repair with Limberg flap in sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus

En este trabajo se presenta la técnica quirúrgica descrip-ta por Limberg para las reparaciones plásticas, su uso para el tratamiento del seno pilonidal sacro coccígeo junto con sus resultados, tasas de éxito, complicaciones y recaídas. Para ello se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre el tema y se analizaron los resultados para determinar con-clusiones sobre la misma.La elección del tema la realicé en base a mi interés sobre la patología. El mismo surge a partir de mi observación en la práctica clínica de pacientes sometidos a técnicas no resectivas, abiertas, con una alta tasa de lechos cruentos, cicatrizaciones lentas y recaídas que podrían beneficiar-se de los principios que la reparación de Limberg ofrece. La técnica se describe como algo simple y fácilmente re-producible mientras se respeten sus principios, lo cual la vuelve una opción viable y atractiva. Lo antedicho sumado al respaldo bibliográfico hallado han sido los motores de la investigación actual.

BRAZILIAN AND ARGENTINEAN MULTICENTRIC STUDY IN THE SURGICAL MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT OF PILONIDAL CYST.

BACKGROUND: The pilonidal cyst is an infection of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue, secondary to a chronic inflammation with a greater frequency in the sacrococcygeal region, and associated to the presence of hair. The treatment is eminently surgical. AIM: To demonstrate the endoscopic treatment of pilonidal cyst. METHOD: Prospective study with 67 patients who had as surgical indication the diagnosis of pilonidal cyst. They were submitted to a surgical procedure from June 2014 to March 2018. The equipment used was the Meinero fistuloscope, a shutter, a monopolar electrode, a brush and endoscopic forceps. RESULTS: Of the 67 patients, 67% (n=45) were male and 33% (n=22) female, with a mean age of 25 years (17-45). Surgical time in average was 40 min (20-120) and mean healing time of four weeks (3-12). Surgical complications were presented in 7% cases (n=5) and recurrences in 9% (n=6). CONCLUSION: The endoscopic treatment of the pilonidal cyst is feasible and presents good surgical results.

Brazilian and argentinean multicentric study in the surgical minimally invasive treatment of pilonidal cyst / Estudo multicêntrico brasileiro e argentino no tratamento cirúrgico do cisto pilonidal por técnica minimamente invasiva

ABSTRACT Background: The pilonidal cyst is an infection of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue, secondary to a chronic inflammation with a greater frequency in the sacrococcygeal region, and associated to the presence of hair. The treatment is eminently surgical. Aim: To demonstrate the endoscopic treatment of pilonidal cyst. Method: Prospective study with 67 patients who had as surgical indication the diagnosis of pilonidal cyst. They were submitted to a surgical procedure from June 2014 to March 2018. The equipment used was the Meinero fistuloscope, a shutter, a monopolar electrode, a brush and endoscopic forceps. Results: Of the 67 patients, 67% (n=45) were male and 33% (n=22) female, with a mean age of 25 years (17-45). Surgical time in average was 40 min (20-120) and mean healing time of four weeks (3-12). Surgical complications were presented in 7% cases (n=5) and recurrences in 9% (n=6). Conclusion: The endoscopic treatment of the pilonidal cyst is feasible and presents good surgical results.

RESUMO Racional: O cisto pilonidal é infecção da pele e do tecido subcutâneo, secundário à inflamação crônica, com maior frequência na região sacrococcígea, e associado à presença de pelos nesta região. O tratamento é eminentemente cirúrgico. Objetivo: Demonstrar os resultados do tratamento endoscópico de cisto pilonidal. Método: Estudo prospectivo, com 67 pacientes que tiveram como indicação cirúrgica o diagnóstico de cisto pilonidal. Os equipamentos utilizados foram o fistuloscópio Meinero, um obturador, um eletrodo monopolar, uma escova e pinça endoscópica. Resultados: Dos 67 pacientes 67% (n=45) eram homens e 33% (n=22) mulheres, com média de idade de 25 anos (17-45). O tempo cirúrgico teve com média 40 min (20-120) e o tempo médio de cicatrização de quatro semanas (3-12). Complicações cirúrgicas ocorreram em 7% da amostra (n=5) e recidivas da doença em 9% (n=6). Conclusão: O tratamento endoscópico do cisto pilonidal é viável e apresenta bons resultados cirúrgicos.

Extrusão de disco intervertebral caudal (coccígea) em um Basset Hound: primeiro relato de caso / First report of caudal intervertebral disk extrusion in a Basset Hound

Relata-se o primeiro caso no Brasil de doença do disco intervertebral (Hansen tipo I) entre as vértebras caudais (coccígeas) em uma cadela Basset Hound com seis anos de idade, castrada, pesando 16kg e com histórico de dor durante defecação e manipulação da região pélvica associada à inabilidade de mover, elevar ou abanar a cauda. Na radiografia simples, observou-se opacidade do forame intervertebral entre a quarta e a quinta vértebra caudal. O animal foi submetido à laminectomia dorsal modificada, seguida de fenestração do disco intervertebral afetado. Decorridos 15 dias da cirurgia, a paciente não demonstrava sinais de dor ao defecar e realizava movimentos de abano de cauda, mas ainda com desconforto na palpação e sem elevação da cauda acima da coluna vertebral, o que foi resolvido após 30 dias do procedimento cirúrgico. A relevância do caso está na inclusão, mesmo que rara, da doença do disco intervertebral caudal no diagnóstico diferencial em cães com dor durante a defecação e manipulação da cauda, sendo o exame radiográfico uma ferramenta auxiliar importante para o diagnóstico definitivo e o plano terapêutico.(AU)

We report here the first case in Brazil of an intervertebral disc disease (Hansen type I) between the caudal vertebrae (coccygeal) in a six-year-old Basset Hound dog, castrated, weighing 16 kg and history of pain during defecation and manipulation of the pelvic region, associated with the inability to move, raise and shake its tail. In the radiography survey, an opacity of the intervertebral foramen between the fourth and fifth caudal vertebra was observed. The animal underwent a modified dorsal laminectomy followed by fenestration of the affected intervertebral disc. After 15 days following surgery, the patient showed no signs of pain when defecating and was able to perform the tail wag movements, but with discomfort on palpation and could not rise the tail high up the spine, which was resolved after 30 days of surgery. The relevance of this report is the inclusion, even if rare, of the caudal intervertebral disc disease in the differential diagnosis in dogs with pain during defecation and handling of the tail, and the radiographic survey is an important auxiliary tool for definitive diagnosis and treatment plan for this disease.(AU)

Extrusão de disco intervertebral caudal (coccígea) em um Basset Hound: primeiro relato de caso / First report of caudal intervertebral disk extrusion in a Basset Hound

Relata-se o primeiro caso no Brasil de doença do disco intervertebral (Hansen tipo I) entre as vértebras caudais (coccígeas) em uma cadela Basset Hound com seis anos de idade, castrada, pesando 16kg e com histórico de dor durante defecação e manipulação da região pélvica associada à inabilidade de mover, elevar ou abanar a cauda. Na radiografia simples, observou-se opacidade do forame intervertebral entre a quarta e a quinta vértebra caudal. O animal foi submetido à laminectomia dorsal modificada, seguida de fenestração do disco intervertebral afetado. Decorridos 15 dias da cirurgia, a paciente não demonstrava sinais de dor ao defecar e realizava movimentos de abano de cauda, mas ainda com desconforto na palpação e sem elevação da cauda acima da coluna vertebral, o que foi resolvido após 30 dias do procedimento cirúrgico. A relevância do caso está na inclusão, mesmo que rara, da doença do disco intervertebral caudal no diagnóstico diferencial em cães com dor durante a defecação e manipulação da cauda, sendo o exame radiográfico uma ferramenta auxiliar importante para o diagnóstico definitivo e o plano terapêutico.(AU)

We report here the first case in Brazil of an intervertebral disc disease (Hansen type I) between the caudal vertebrae (coccygeal) in a six-year-old Basset Hound dog, castrated, weighing 16 kg and history of pain during defecation and manipulation of the pelvic region, associated with the inability to move, raise and shake its tail. In the radiography survey, an opacity of the intervertebral foramen between the fourth and fifth caudal vertebra was observed. The animal underwent a modified dorsal laminectomy followed by fenestration of the affected intervertebral disc. After 15 days following surgery, the patient showed no signs of pain when defecating and was able to perform the tail wag movements, but with discomfort on palpation and could not rise the tail high up the spine, which was resolved after 30 days of surgery. The relevance of this report is the inclusion, even if rare, of the caudal intervertebral disc disease in the differential diagnosis in dogs with pain during defecation and handling of the tail, and the radiographic survey is an important auxiliary tool for definitive diagnosis and treatment plan for this disease.(AU)

Dufourmentel rhomboid flap for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus: technical details / Técnica quirúrgica del colgajo de Dufourmentel para el tratamiento de la enfermedad pilonidal sacro-coccígea

Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD) is a chronic an uncommon entity with a variety of alternatives for treatment. One of those is the excision of the sinus tract followed by a reconstruction with the rhomboid flap described by Dufourmentel. The aim of this paper is to describe the main phases of the technique. A detailed explanation of the key steps for the implementation of Dufourmentel flap for the treatment of SPD is exposed. Excision of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus followed by Dufourmentel rhomboid flap is an alternative to consider in the treatment of pilonidal disease.

La enfermedad pilonidal sacrococcígea (EPS) es una entidad clínica crónica e infrecuente. Para su tratamiento se han descrito numerosas alternativas. Una de ellas es la exéresis de la zona afectada seguida de un cierre primario sin tensión, por medio de un colgajo romboidal descrito por Dufourmentel. El objetivo de este artículo es describir las fases más relevantes de la técnica. Se realiza una detallada explicación de los pasos clave para ejecutar la exéresis romboidal de la zona afectada, con la ulterior rotación de un colgajo de Dufourmentel para el tratamiento de la EPS. La exéresis romboidal de EPS seguida de la rotación de un colgajo de Dufourmentel constituye una alternativa a considerar en el tratamiento de la EPS.

Coccigectomía subperióstica total en la coccigodínia traumática crónica refractaria / Total subperiosteal coccygectomy for chronic traumatic refractory coccygodynia

Fundamento: la coccigodínia o dolor a nivel del cóccix es una condición poco frecuente con una incidencia no bien definida, que afecta cinco veces más a mujeres que hombres entre 30 y 50 años de edad y se asocia a la obesidad. La causa más común es el trauma como resultado de una caída sobre los glúteos, microtraumas repetitivos o el parto.Objetivo: presentar un caso de coccigectomía subperióstica total para el tratamiento de la coccigodínia traumática crónica refractaria.Caso clínico: paciente femenina de 51 años de edad, que acude a consulta con dolor en la región del cóccix, de cinco años de evolución debido a una caída sobre sus glúteos que se incrementaba a la defecación y el coito. Recibió numerosos tratamientos conservadores, sin mejoría clínica evidente por lo que dos años después se le practicó una coccigectomía parcial sin éxito. A la exploración física se constató dolor a la palpación, a nivel de la proyección de cóccix y tacto rectal doloroso con esfínter anal con buen tono y ampolla rectal vacía. Se realizó Rx de cóccix que no fue conclusivo para diagnóstico, por lo que se practicó una tomografía axial computarizada de sacro-cóccix con reconstrucciones en tercera dimensión que confirmaron la presencia íntegra del cóccix. Se realizó coccigectomía subperióstica total.Conclusiones: la coccigectomía subperióstica total es una técnica quirúrgica segura y factible en los enfermos con coccigodínia crónica refractaria, que puede mejorar los síntomas con un escaso porciento de complicaciones, siempre y cuando se llegue al diagnóstico adecuado de la causa que la provoca(AU)

Background: coccygodynia or coccyx pain is an infrequent condition with an incidence that is not well defined. It affects women of 30 to 50 years of age five times more than men and it is associated with obesity. Trauma caused by falls, repetitive microtrauma or labor are the common causes.Objective: to present a case of total subperiosteal coccygectomy for the treatment for chronic traumatic refractory coccygodynia.Clinical case: a fifty-one year-old female patient, who attends a health center, with pain around the coccyx from five years of evolution due to a fall, increasing when defecating and having sexual intercourse. Numerous conservative treatments were given, without seeing evident clinical recovery. As a result, two years later, partial coccygectomy was performed. However, it did not have success. When examined physically, the patient felt pain in the coccyx projection and rectal examination with anal sphincter good tone and empty rectal ampulla. A coccyx X-ray that was not conclusive for diagnosis was carried out. Therefore, CT scans of sacrococcyx with 3D reconstructions which confirmed the complete presence of coccyx. Total subperiosteal coccygectomy was performed.Conclusions: total subperiosteal coccygectomy is a safe and feasible surgical technique in patients with chronic refractory coccygodynia, that can improve the symptoms with an scarce percentage of complications, as long as physicians give a right prognosis according to the cause that leads to it(AU)

Generalidades de los tumores de la región sacrococcígea / General aspects of sacrococcygeal tumors

Los tumores que se originan en la región sacrococcígea son raros, representan del uno al siete por ciento de los tumores espinales primarios. Sin embargo, su diagnóstico y tratamiento imponen un reto para el equipo quirúrgico, por la complejidad de las relaciones anatómicas y las características biológicas de las lesiones más frecuentes. Objetivo: Actualizar y sistematizar los conocimientos sobre las generalidades de los tumores de la región sacrococcígea. Desarrollo: Son más frecuentes en adultos jóvenes del sexo masculino, debutan con dolor inespecífico en la espalda baja, a lo que se suman progresivamente la debilidad muscular, el déficit sensitivo y los trastornos esfinterianos. Pueden ser epidurales o intradurales, primarios o secundarios, neoplásicos o no y originarse en las partes blandas o en las estructuras óseas. La edad y la localización deben ser consideradas para evaluar el potencial de malignidad. La tomografía axial computarizada y la resonancia magnética nuclear son los estudios confirmatorios y permiten la selección del abordaje quirúrgico. Las lesiones que con más frecuencia se reportan son el cordoma, el quiste óseo aneurismático y el tumor de células gigantes. La radioterapia y la quimioterapia pueden complementar la cirugía en dependencia de la histología. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico precoz necesita la sospecha ante síntomas inespecíficos. El tratamiento de los tumores de la región sacrococcígea debe ser multidisciplinario y multimodal, para garantizar un mejor pronóstico y mayor supervivencia de los pacientes(AU)

Tumors arising from sacrococcygeal region are weird and represent from one to seven percent of primary spinal tumors. However diagnosis and treatment are a challenge for the surgical staff because of the anatomic relations complexity and the more frequent lesions biological features. Objective: a review of the literature was done to update and systematize the knowledge about general aspects of sacrococcygeal tumors. Development: they are more frequent in male young adults, unspecific low back pain is the onset symptom and muscle weakness, sense deficit and sphincter disturbances join up later progressively. They can be epidural or intradural, primary or secondary, neoplastics or not and they could arise from soft tissues or bone structure. Age and location most be considered to evaluate malignant potential. CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging are the confirmatory tests and allow surgical approach selection. The most frequent affections are chordoma, aneurismal bone cyst and giant cell tumor. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can support surgery according to histology. Conclusions: precocious diagnosis needs to be suspected before unspecific symptoms. Sacrococcygeal tumors treatment most be multidisciplinary and multimodal to assure better prognosis and patient´s life expectancy increasing(AU)

Generalidades de los tumores de la región sacrococcígea / General aspects of sacrococcygeal tumors

Fundamento: Los tumores que se originan en la región sacrococcígea son raros, representan del uno al siete por ciento de los tumores espinales primarios. Sin embargo, su diagnóstico y tratamiento imponen un reto para el equipo quirúrgico, por la complejidad de las relaciones anatómicas y las características biológicas de las lesiones más frecuentes. Objetivo: Actualizar y sistematizar los conocimientos sobre las generalidades de los tumores de la región sacrococcígea. Desarrollo: Son más frecuentes en adultos jóvenes del sexo masculino, debutan con dolor inespecífico en la espalda baja, a lo que se suman progresivamente la debilidad muscular, el déficit sensitivo y los trastornos esfinterianos. Pueden ser epidurales o intradurales, primarios o secundarios, neoplásicos o no y originarse en las partes blandas o en las estructuras óseas. La edad y la localización deben ser consideradas para evaluar el potencial de malignidad. La tomografía axial computarizada y la resonancia magnética nuclear son los estudios confirmatorios y permiten la selección del abordaje quirúrgico. Las lesiones que con más frecuencia se reportan son el cordoma, el quiste óseo aneurismático y el tumor de células gigantes. La radioterapia y la quimioterapia pueden complementar la cirugía en dependencia de la histología. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico precoz necesita la sospecha ante síntomas inespecíficos. El tratamiento de los tumores de la región sacrococcígea debe ser multidisciplinario y multimodal, para garantizar un mejor pronóstico y mayor supervivencia de los pacientes.

Background: tumors arising from sacrococcygeal region are weird and represent from one to seven percent of primary spinal tumors. However diagnosis and treatment are a challenge for the surgical staff because of the anatomic relations complexity and the more frequent lesions biological features. Objective: a review of the literature was done to update and systematize the knowledge about general aspects of sacrococcygeal tumors. Development: they are more frequent in male young adults, unspecific low back pain is the onset symptom and muscle weakness, sense deficit and sphincter disturbances join up later progressively. They can be epidural or intradural, primary or secondary, neoplastics or not and they could arise from soft tissues or bone structure. Age and location most be considered to evaluate malignant potential. CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging are the confirmatory tests and allow surgical approach selection. The most frequent affections are chordoma, aneurismal bone cyst and giant cell tumor. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can support surgery according to histology. Conclusions: precocious diagnosis needs to be suspected before unspecific symptoms. Sacrococcygeal tumors treatment most be multidisciplinary and multimodal to assure better prognosis and patient´s life expectancy increasing.

[Moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma associated pilonidal cyst]. / Tumor epidermoide moderadamente diferenciado asociado con quiste pilonidal.

BACKGROUND: Malignant degeneration of pilonidal sinus is a rare complication observed mainly in recurrent chronic cases of the disease, associated to a very bad prognosis. In the world's literature we find it like an infrequent entity. In Spain had reviewed 367 patients with simple and complicated pilonidal cysts. We found three cases (0.81%) of epidermoid carcinoma. CLINICAL CASE: Men's 60 years of age, with clinical picture of 50 years of evolution with the presence of sacral tumor, is resection and histopathological reporting of pilonidal cyst; taking evolution at healing, with necrotic edges; resection of these will decide and report is squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Pilonidal sinus epidermoid carcinoma is an infrequent disease predicting for very poor outcome.

Antecedentes: la degeneración maligna es una complicación rara, observada principalmente en enfermedad pilonidal crónica recurrente y se asocia con muy mal pronóstico. En la bibliografía mundial se encuentra como una entidad poco frecuente. En España se revisaron 367 pacientes afectados de quiste pilonidal, simple o complicado. Entre ellos se encontraron tres casos (0.81%) de carcinoma epidermoide con quiste pilonidal. Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 60 años de edad, con cuadro clínico de 50 años de evolución de un tumor sacro. Luego de la exéresis el reporte histopatológico fue de quiste pilonidal; la evolución fue tórpida en la cicatrización, con bordes necróticos que se resecaron y el reporte fue: carcinoma epidermoide. Conclusión: el carcinoma epidermoide de sinus pilonidal es una enfermedad infrecuente asociada con muy mal pronóstico.

Resultados a corto y largo plazo con la técnica de Karydakis para la enfermedad pilonidal sacrocoxígea / Short-and long-term results with Karydaki’s technique for sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease

Introduction: Sacrococcygeal pilonidal cyst or sinus is a common condition in young people. There is still discussion about which of the many existing techniques is best suited to resolve this condition. Objective: To analyze the short-and long-term use of Karydaki's technique in our Hospital. Material and Methods: We analyzed prospective protocols from patients with pilonidal cyst with Karydaki's technique from June 2005 to August 2010. Clinical and telephonic follow-up was done to all patients and a satisfaction survey done to a random sample of the series. Results: We analyzed 62 patients with mean age of 24.5 years (15-45), being 33 men (53 percent). Cysts were previously relapsed in 20.9 percent of cases. The average hospital stay was 2.5 days (1-3). Early complications occurred in 14.3 percent of patients being the most common seroma in 8 percent and dehiscence in 6.4 percent. At a mean follow up of 38 months (12-62), relapse occurred in two patients (3.2 percent), one at 6 months and the other at 3 years, being resolved one by a new Karydaki's technique and the other with marsupialization. Among the group surveyed for satisfaction, 75 percent found the technique satisfactory or very satisfactory in terms of aesthetics and 95 percent would recommend this technique. Conclusions: Karydaki's operation achieves with a simple and aesthetic technic a low recurrence and morbidity and a complete recovery after 15 days in most patients.

Introducción: El quiste o seno pilonidal sacrocoxígeo es una patología frecuente en gente joven. Aún hay discusión sobre cual de las múltiples técnicas existentes es la más adecuada para resolver esta patología. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados a corto y largo plazo con la utilización de la técnica de Karydakis en nuestro medio. Material y Método: Se analizan los protocolos prospectivos de pacientes intervenidos por quiste pilonidal con la técnica de Karydakis desde junio de 2005 hasta agosto de 2010. Se realizó seguimiento clínico y telefónico de los pacientes y una encuesta de satisfacción a una muestra aleatoria de la serie. Resultados: Se analizan 62 pacientes con promedio de edad de 24,5 años (15-45), siendo de ellos 33 hombres (53 por ciento). En un 20,9 por ciento de los casos eran quistes recidivados. La hospitalización promedio fue de 2,5 días (1-3). Un 14,3 por ciento presentó complicaciones precoces siendo las más frecuentes el seroma (8 por ciento) y dehiscencia de sutura (6,4 por ciento). El seguimiento promedio fue de 38 meses (i: 12-62). Dos pacientes tuvieron recidivas (3,2 por ciento), a los 6 meses y a los 3 años, resolviéndose una con nueva técnica de Karydakis y la otra con marsupialización. Del grupo encuestado, el 75 por ciento consideró que la técnica fue satisfactoria o muy satisfactoria (estética) y el 95 por ciento de los pacientes la recomendaría. Conclusiones: La operación de Karydakis logra con una técnica simple y estética una baja recidiva y morbilidad y una recuperación definitiva a los 15 días en la mayoría de los pacientes.

Sacrococcygeal hernia: a challenge for the coloproctologist

Sacrococcygeal hernia consists of the protrusion of abdominal and pelvic structures through the sacrococcygeal region, an uncommom complication of coccygectomy and sacral coccygectomy. Its surgical treatment is based on perineal hernia repair, by means of abdominal, perineal or abdominoperineal access. Perineal (local or sacrococcygeal) access avoids the laparotomy morbidity and is indicated to patients that are not exposed to radiation or those who had not undergone oncological surgery, allowing local tissue to reconstruct, as in myocutaneous advancement flaps, associated or not to prosthetic mesh, because of the low complication rates and favourable outcomes. The aim of this article is to report the case of a female patient who had undergone sacral coccygectomy due to refractory coccygodynia and developed a symptomatic sacrococcygeal hernia. She underwent polytetrafluoroethylene mesh herniorrhaphy followed by soft tissue closure and gluteal myocutaneous V-Y advancement flap. The authors emphasize technical details and the difficulty of the procedure itself. After three years of follow-up, no recurrence was found. (AU)

As hérnias sacrococcígeas são protrusões de estruturas pélvicas e abdominais pela topografia do sacro e cóccix, sendo complicação incomum após coccigectomias ou sacrococcigectomias. O tratamento é cirúrgico e baseado na correção das hérnias perineais, e pode ser realizado por acesso perineal, abdominal ou abdominoperineal. O perineal (local ou sacrococcígeo), sem a morbidade da laparotomia, é viável para os pacientes não submetidos à cirurgia oncológica ou radioterapia, permitindo a reconstrução com tecidos locais, como no avanço miocutâneo, associado ou não ao uso de telas, com baixa incidência de complicações e bons resultados. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o caso de uma paciente submetida à sacrococcigectomia por coccigodinia refratária ao tratamento clínico, que evoluiu com hérnia sacrococcígea sintomática tratada com a correção do defeito com tela de politetrafluoretileno e síntese das camadas suprajacentes, associada ao avanço miocutâneo bilateral tipo V-Y, com o glúteo maior. Serão enfatizados detalhes técnicos e o grau de dificuldade da reconstrução. Após seguimento de três anos, a paciente se encontra em acompanhamento ambulatorial sem recidiva. (AU)

Manejo de los tumores retrorrectales del adulto / Management of the retrorectal tumors of the adult

Antecedentes: Los tumores que asientan en el espacio virtual entre el mesorrecto y el sacrocoxis comprenden un grupo heterogéneo y poco frecuente cuya incidencia se estima en 1/40.000 ingresos. Se clasifican en congénitos, neurogénicos, óseos y misceláneas. Por ser asintomáticos u ocasionar síntomas inespecíficos su diagnóstico suele ser tardío y muchas veces cuando han alcanzado un gran tamaño o comprometido las estructuras vecinas. El diagnóstico y tratamiento, que requiere un equipo multidisciplinario, han evolucionado en los últimos años por el aporte de la resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN), las nuevas terapias quimiorradiantes y un abordaje quirúrgico más agresivo. Objetivo: Comunicar nuestra experiencia y sugerir la estrategia de manejo de estos tumores basada en esta serie y la de los centros internacionales de referencia. Pacientes y Métodos: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de los pacientes con tumores retrorrectales operados entre 1991 y 2006 en la División Cirugía del Hospital Juan A. Fernández. Se excluyeron procesos inflamatorios, tumores rectales localmente avanzados y metastásicos. Se registraron sexo, edad, síntomas/signos, tiempo de evolución, estudios preoperatorios, tamaño tumoral, compromiso sacro y/o de órganos vecinos, tratamiento quirúrgico, morbimortalidad inmediata, estadía postoperatoria, secuelas, histopatología, recurrencia y supervivencia. Además se evaluó la utilidad de la tomografía axial computada (Te) y la RMN para establecer la estirpe tumoral, la posible malignidad, la invasión de estructuras vecinas y la vía de abordaje. Resultados: Hubo 7 pacientes (5 mujeres), edad promedio 37,5 (23-54) años. Congénitos: 2 (cordoma 1, hamartoma quístico 1), neurogénicos: 2 (neurofibroma plexiforme 1, schwanoma maligno 1), óseos: 1 (tumor de células gigantes del sacro) y misceláneas: 2 (liposarcoma 1, fibroma extrapleural maligno 1)...

Background: Tumors occupying the virtual space between the mesorectum and sacro-coccyx are heterogeneous and infrequent, with an estimated incidence of 1/40.000 hospitalizations. They are classified as congenital, neurogenic, osseous, and miscellaneous. Because they are asymptomatic or cause non-specific symptoms diagnosis is usually delayed, and very often done when have reached a great dimension or involved adjacent structures. Diagnosis and treatment, that required a multidisciplinary team, has evolved in recent years due to the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), new chemo-radiation therapies and a more aggressive surgical approach. Objective: Report on our experience, and suggest the management strategy for these tumors based on this series and that of international referral centers. Patients and Methods: Clinical records of patients with retrorectal tumors operated on, between 1991 and 2006 in the Division of Surgery of the Hospital Juan A. Fernández were retrospectively reviewed. Inflammatory processes, locally advanced rectal tumors and metastatic lesions were excluded. Registe red data included gender, age, symptom/signs, time of evolution, preoperative studies, size of tumors, involvement of sacrum and/or adjacent viscera, surgical treatment, 30-day morbidity and mortality, postoperative hospital stay, secuela, histopathology, recurrence and survival. Besides, the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) and MRI to establish the histologic tumor type, possible malignancy, invasion of adjacent structures, and operative approach was assessed. Results: Seven patients (5 women), mean age 37.5 (23-54) years, were treated. Congenital: 2 (chordoma 1, tailgut cyst 1), neurogenic: 2 (plexiform neurotibroma 1, malignant schwannoma 1), osseous: 1 (gigant cell tumor of the sacrum) and miscellaneous: 2 (liposarcoma 1, extrapleural malignant fibroma 1)...

Operación de Karydakis ambulatoria en el manejo de la enfermedad pilonidal sacrococcígea / Ambulatory Karydakis procedure for sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease

Background: Asymmetrical closed techniques have comparative benefits for the treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease. Aim: To assess the results of Karydakis asymmetrical excision, performed on an ambulatory basis. Patients and Methods: Prospective evaluation of 29 females and 21 males aged 15 to 44 years operated using Karydakis procedure on an ambulatory basis. Results: The body mass Index of patients fluctuated between 19 and 47 kg/m². Thirty eight percent were overweight and 28 percent were obese. Sixty two percent were hirsute. The form of presentation of the disease was the spontaneous or surgical drainage of an abscess with chronic suppuration in 92 percent of cases. Surgical time fluctuated between 25 and 45 minutes. All patients were discharged four to six hours after the procedure. There were no re-operations and the rate of complications was 10 percent. Ninety percent of patients did not have a local complications and a complete healing was achieved three weeks after the operation. After a follow up of 3 to 65 months, no relapses have been observed. Conclusions: Karydakis procedure, performed on an ambulatory basis, is safe, feasible and has excellent results.

Antecedentes: Las técnicas cerradas asimétricas tienen ventajas comparativas en el manejo de la enfermedad pilonidal sacrococcígea (EPSC). El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar los resultados de la resección asimétrica de Karydakis programada como cirugía mayor ambulatoria. Pacientes y Método: Estudio prospectivo de 100 pacientes intervenidos en forma electiva desde abril de 2001; 84 con la técnica de Karydakis y, de ellos, 50 pacientes en forma ambulatoria. Se utilizó la técnica clásica descrita por el autor, con pequeñas modificaciones que intentan alejar la cicatriz de la línea media. Resultados: Se trata de 29 mujeres y 21 hombres, con un promedio de edad de 21,2 años (extremos 15-44). El IMC promedio fue de 27,28 (extremos 19-47), sin diferencias estadísticas según el género. El 38 por ciento de los pacientes tenían sobrepeso y el 28 por ciento eran obesos. El 62 por ciento de los pacientes fue catalogado como hirsutos, con claro predominio de los pacientes varones (p = 0,012). La forma clínica de presentación fue el drenaje espontáneo o quirúrgico de un absceso con supuración crónica intermitente en el 92 por ciento de los casos. El tiempo operatorio promedio de 34 minutos (extremos 25-45). Todos los pacientes fueron dados de alta entre 4 y 6 horas luego del procedimiento, no hubo reoperaciones y la morbilidad global fue 10 por ciento. El 90 por ciento de los pacientes no tuvo complicaciones locales logrando una cicatrización completa antes de 3 semanas de la intervención. El seguimiento promedio de la serie es 30 meses (extremos 3-65) sin casos de recidiva (1,19 por ciento - 1/84) en la serie global con un período de observación promedio de 49 meses (extremos 6-88). Conclusión: La operación de Karydakis realizada en forma ambulatoria es factible, segura y muestra excelentes resultados en tiempo de cicatrización, morbilidad y recidiva. Se propone como la técnica de elección en el manejo de la mayoría de los casos de EPSC.