Efecto de una intervención educativa de enfermería para reducir el dolor en el paciente con revascularización miocárdica durante el posoperatorio ambulatorio / Effect of an educational nursing intervention to reduce pain in patients with myocardial revascularization during the outpatient postoperative period

Introducción: Las necesidades que experimentan los pacientes en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca van desde lo fisiológico hasta la esfera emocional. A nivel fisiológico el dolor es una necesidad insatisfecha, que repercute en otras necesidades como el sueño y la actividad física, el estado de ánimo, la adherencia terapéutica y la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de una intervención educativa de Enfermería comparada con el cuidado de enfermería convencional, para reducir el dolor del paciente de cirugía cardiaca en el posoperatorio ambulatorio en una Institución de alta complejidad en Cúcuta durante el II semestre del año 2020 y el I semestre del año 2021. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, cuasi experimental, con medición preprueba en el control posoperatorio realizado al tercer día y posprueba, con grupo de comparación, en pacientes con revascularización miocárdica de una institución de alta complejidad en Cúcuta, con muestreo probabilístico, aleatorio simple, con una muestra estimada de 40 pacientes para cada grupo. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó el cuestionario del dolor McGill (índice de valoración del dolor) (Cibersam, 1994) y el Inventario de la Ansiedad Rasgo, IDARE, previo diligenciamiento del consentimiento informado, se realizaron mediciones del dolor al tercer día de posoperatorio ambulatorio, a los 15 y 30 días de entrega de la intervención educativa, para determinar el efecto de la intervención entre grupos e intragrupo frente al cuidado convencional. Resultados: El grupo experimental exhibió una reducción estadísticamente significativa de los niveles del dolor para cada una de las dimensiones y a nivel general luego de la intervención educativa (p< 0.05) mientras que en el grupo de comparación no hubo cambios importantes en los niveles de dolor entre ambas mediciones (p > 0.05). También se pudo establecer que el grupo experimental exhibió una reducción estadísticamente significativa de los niveles de ansiedad para cada una de las dimensiones y a nivel general luego de la intervención educativa (p< 0.05) contrario al grupo de comparación, donde se evidenció un aumento en el nivel de ansiedad, aunque sin diferencias importantes respecto de la medición inicial (p > 0.05). (AU)

Manual educativo de cuidados no pós-operatório de revascularização miocárdica: uma ferramenta para pacientes e familiares / Educational manual for the care of patients in the post-operative period of myocardial revascularization: a tool for patients and families

Elaborou-se um manual educativo para o autocuidado de pacientes revascularizados após a alta hospitalar. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico cuja coleta ocorreu entre fevereiro e abril de 2012 junto a oito peritos em cardiologia e 35 pacientes/familiares. Realizou-se a validação de conteúdo e de face junto a oito pacientes/familiares e oito peritos. Dos 46 itens propostos, os pacientes/familiares classificaram 26 itens (57%) como muito importante (concordância entre 91,4% e 100%) e os peritos 29 itens (63%) como muito importante (concordância igual ou superior a 75%). Selecionaram-se 36 itens distribuídos em 26 categoriais para o manual final. Houve 100% de concordância de pacientes/familiares e peritos quanto ao conteúdo, linguagem e ilustrações. A ferramenta apresentou validade semântica e adequação de conteúdo para a população, sendo capaz de reduzir complicações decorrentes do despreparo para o autocuidado, reduzindo o número de reinternações e os custos hospitalares, além de sistematizar o ensino pós-operatório.

An educational manual for the self-care of revascularized patients after hospital discharge was created. It is a methodological study whose data collection occurred between February and April, 2012, with eight cardiology experts and 35 patients/families. Content and face validation were conducted with eight patients/families and eight experts. Of the proposed 46 items, patients/families rated 26 items (57%) as very important (agreement between 91.4% and 100%) and experts rated 29 items (63%) as very important (agreement equal to or over 75%). Thirty-six items, distributed in 26 categories, were selected for the final manual. There was 100% agreement between patients/families regarding content, language, and illustrations. The tool presented semantic validity and content adequacy for the population, because it was able to reduce complications resulting from lack of training for self-care, thus reducing the number of readmissions and hospital costs, in addition to systematizing post-operative teaching.

Effectiveness of video resources in nursing orientation before cardiac heart surgery.

OBJECTIVE:: To evaluate the effectiveness of video resources in increasing patient knowledge during preoperative orientation for cardiac surgery compared to standard orientation. METHOD:: Randomized clinical trial. Patients in the intervention group (IG) received bedside orientation with the aid of a short video and a slide presentation on the day prior to surgery. Patients in the control group (CG) received standard orientation. Allocation and analysis of knowledge were blinded. Analysis was performed according to the intention to treat principle. RESULTS:: We included 90 patients, 45 in each group; 27.8% had incomplete primary education. There were no differences between groups in the baseline. After orientation, IG scored 7.20 (±1.56) and scored CG 2.71 (±1.96, p<0,001). The topic "surgical room" had the lowest proportion of correct answers in CG (6.7%), compared to IG (68.9%). The question about "postoperative unit" was the one with the highest proportion of correct answers in IG (93.3%), while in CG the proportion was 22.2%. "Ventilatory support" had a low proportion of correct answers in IG (60%), but still much higher than the correct answers in CG (17.8%). CONCLUSION:: Orientation performed with the aid of video resources is more effective for knowledge retention in preoperative patients, compared to verbal orientation alone.

Effectiveness of video resources in nursing orientation before cardiac heart surgery / Recursos audiovisuais na orientação pré-operatória de cirurgia cardíaca

Summary Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of video resources in increasing patient knowledge during preoperative orientation for cardiac surgery compared to standard orientation. Method: Randomized clinical trial. Patients in the intervention group (IG) received bedside orientation with the aid of a short video and a slide presentation on the day prior to surgery. Patients in the control group (CG) received standard orientation. Allocation and analysis of knowledge were blinded. Analysis was performed according to the intention to treat principle. Results: We included 90 patients, 45 in each group; 27.8% had incomplete primary education. There were no differences between groups in the baseline. After orientation, IG scored 7.20 (±1.56) and scored CG 2.71 (±1.96, p<0,001). The topic "surgical room" had the lowest proportion of correct answers in CG (6.7%), compared to IG (68.9%). The question about "postoperative unit" was the one with the highest proportion of correct answers in IG (93.3%), while in CG the proportion was 22.2%. "Ventilatory support" had a low proportion of correct answers in IG (60%), but still much higher than the correct answers in CG (17.8%). Conclusion: Orientation performed with the aid of video resources is more effective for knowledge retention in preoperative patients, compared to verbal orientation alone.

Resumo Objetivo: verificar a efetividade do uso de recursos audiovisuais para orientação pré-operatória de revascularização do miocárdio sobre o conhecimento a respeito do procedimento, quando comparado à orientação usual. Método: ensaio clínico randomizado. Os pacientes do grupo intervenção (GI) receberam, na véspera da cirurgia, orientações audiovisuais à beira do leito, através de um vídeo explicativo e diapositivos, enquanto o grupo controle (GC) recebeu orientações de rotina da unidade. A randomização foi oculta e a análise do conhecimento foi cegada em relação ao grupo. A análise foi realizada por intenção de tratar. Resultados: foram incluídos 90 pacientes, 45 em cada grupo; 27,8% dos pacientes incluídos apresentavam ensino fundamental incompleto. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos na linha de base. Após a orientação, o GI apresentou 7,20 (±1,56) acertos, enquanto o GC teve uma média de 2,71 (±1,96) acertos (p<0,001). O "bloco cirúrgico" foi o tópico que obteve o menor percentual de acertos no GC (6,7%), quando comparado ao GI, com 68,9% de acertos. A questão sobre a "unidade de pós-operatório" foi a mais acertada pelo GI, representando 93,3% de acertos, enquanto o GC teve apenas 22,2% de acertos. O tópico "suporte ventilatório" apresentou baixo percentual de acertos em ambos os grupos, 60% no GI e 17,8% no GC. Conclusão: orientações realizadas com recursos audiovisuais são mais efetivas para retenção do conhecimento quando comparadas a orientações verbais.

Caracterización de pacientes en posoperatorio de revascularización miocárdica según eventos clínicos de cuidado de enfermería / Characterization of patients in postoperative period of myocardial revascularization according to clinical nursing care events", "_e": "n

Antecedentes: las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la primera causa de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial y nacional; sobresale la enfermedad coronaria. Esto ha contribuido para que el tratamiento quirúrgico de revascularización miocárdica sea considerado como un procedimiento de rutina. Éste es uno de los avances más importantes de la medicina durante el siglo XX. En Bogotá, los registros estadísticos muestran que más del 50% del total de cirugías cardiovasculares corresponde a ella. Objetivo: realizar la caracterización de pacientes que se encuentran en posoperatorio temprano de revascularización miocárdica, quienes presentan cambios fisiológicos en su esfera biológica, secundarios al procedimiento, a nivel neurológico, cardiovascular, respiratorio, gastrointestinal, de eliminación y de la piel. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de seguimiento prospectivo. Se observaron y revisaron las historias clínicas de 151 pacientes en posoperatorio de 48 a 96 horas. La revisión de la historia clínica se realizó por el investigador. Se consignó la información en una hoja de registro de información y se procesó mediante métodos de análisis exploratorio multidimensional: análisis factorial de correspondencias múltiples combinado con el Método Cluster de Clasificación. Resultados: estuvieron relacionados con clases de pacientes de acuerdo con los eventos clínicos presentes en cada uno de los sistemas estudiados donde se evidencia que presentan alteración de los sistemas neurológico, cardiovascular, respiratorio y de la piel. Conclusión: la caracterización de los pacientes en posoperatorio de una revascularización miocárdica permite que el cuidado de enfermería sea enfocado hacia la solución de problemas de los sistemas antes mencionados.

Background: cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality at global and national level; stands out coronary disease. This has contributed to make the surgical treatment of coronary artery bypass grafting being considered a routine procedure. This is one of the most important advances in medicine during the twentieth century. In Bogota, statistical records show that more than 50% of all cardiovascular surgeries corresponds to it. Objective: to characterize patients who are in early postoperative myocardial revascularization, who present physiological changes secondary to procedure, in the biological area at neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal level, elimination system and skin. Methodology: a descriptive study was performed and followed prospectively. The medical records of 151 patients in postoperative 48 to 96 hours were seen and reviewed. The review of the medical history was performed by the researcher. The information was collected on a recording sheet and then recorded and processed by methods of multidimensional exploratory analysis: Multiple correspondence analysis combined with Cluster Classification Method. Results: they were related to the kind of patient according to clinical events present in each of the studied systems where there is evidence of alteration of the neurological, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and skin. Conclusion: the characterization of patients in postoperative of myocardial revascularization allows nursing care to be focused on solving problems of the aforementioned systems.

Gender-based issues in interventional cardiology: a consensus statement from the Women in Innovations (WIN) Initiative.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in women, yet studies have suggested that it is often under-recognized. Of particular concern is the apparent suboptimal treatment of women in comparison to men, with less revascularization and use of evidence-based medications. The Women in Innovations group of cardiologists aims to highlight these issues and change perceptions to optimize the treatment of female patients with CVD, to support future research, and to encourage and guide the training of female interventional cardiologists.

Internet-based virtual classroom and educational management software enhance students' didactic and clinical experiences in perfusion education programs.

A challenge faced by many university-based perfusion education (PE) programs is the need for student clinical rotations at hospital locations that are geographically disparate from the main educational campus. The problem has been addressed through the employment of distance-learning environments. The purpose of this educational study is to evaluate the effectiveness of this teaching model as it is applied to PE. Web-based virtual classroom (VC) environments and educational management system (EMS) software were implemented independently and as adjuncts to live, interactive Internet-based audio/video transmission from classroom to classroom in multiple university-based PE programs. These Internet environments have been used in a variety of ways including: 1) forum for communication between the university faculty, students, and preceptors at clinical sites, 2) didactic lectures from expert clinicians to students assigned to distant clinical sites, 3) small group problem-based-learning modules designed to enhance students analytical skills, and 4) conversion of traditional face-to-face lectures to asynchronous learning modules. Hypotheses and measures of student and faculty satisfaction, clinical experience, and learning outcomes are proposed, and some early student feedback was collected. For curricula that emphasize both didactic and clinical education, the use of Internet-based VC and EMS software provides significant advancements over traditional models. Recognized advantages include: 1) improved communications between the college faculty and the students and clinical preceptors, 2) enhanced access to a national network of clinical experts in specialized techniques, 3) expanded opportunity for student distant clinical rotations with continued didactic course work, and 4) improved continuity and consistency of clinical experiences between students through implementation of asynchronous learning modules. Students recognize the learning efficiency of on-line information presentation but still prefer the traditional face-to-face classroom environment. Traditional paradigms impose limitations that are rooted in dependence upon the students and instructors being physically located in the same place at the same time. These represents significant impediments for PE programs that use geographically separate clinical sites to provide clinical experience. Historically this has led to a disintegration of the presentation of theory, and a reduction in the quantity or quality of clinical experience opportunities. New PE models help to eliminate limitations and improve the quality of education especially in the face of economic challenges. Perfusion education students and faculty will have to work together to find computer-based offerings that are equivalent to traditional classroom methods.

[Totally artificial training model for coronary heart surgery: the renunciation of animal experiments?]. / Vollsynthetisches Trainingsmodell fü r die Koronarchirurgie: die Abkehr von Tierversuchen?

AIM: Animal protection laws will lead to stricter and more selective criteria thus resulting in a decline of available animals. Yet to train cardiac surgical skills a totally artificial training model was developed. DESCRIPTION OF THE TRAINING MODEL: The model is based on differently hardened polyurethane. Cover is a 1:1 replica of the human thoracic wall. Disposable coronaries are integrated in the heart-model. Vessels and part of the ascending aorta can be rinsed. By means of a newly designed air-pump stroke volume, heart-rate and rhythm can be adjusted. EXPERIENCES: Set-up of the model is easy and quick. Accustomed instruments can be used. Handling of artificial tissue is nature-like. Degree of difficulty is dependent on stroke volume, heart rate, arrhythmia, vessel-size and vessel-quality. CONCLUSION: The phantom helps to achieve confidence in coronary revascularisation. It facilitates an accompanying training for the less-trained as well as the skilled surgeon. The nature-like characteristics will help to reduce animal experiments in future.