Mediation Analysis of Acute Carotid Stenting in Tandem Lesions: Effect on Functional Outcome in a Multicenter Registry.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Current evidence suggests that acute carotid artery stenting (CAS) for cervical lesions is associated with better functional outcomes in patients with acute stroke with tandem lesions (TLs) treated with endovascular therapy (EVT). However, the underlying causal pathophysiologic mechanism of this relationship compared with a non-CAS strategy remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether, and to what degree, reperfusion mediates the relationship between acute CAS and functional outcome in patients with TLs. METHODS: This subanalysis stems from a multicenter retrospective cohort study across 16 stroke centers from January 2015 to December 2020. Patients with anterior circulation TLs who underwent EVT were included. Successful reperfusion was defined as a modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scale ≥2B by the local team at each participating center. Mediation analysis was conducted to examine the potential causal pathway in which the relationship between acute CAS and functional outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale) is mediated by successful reperfusion. RESULTS: A total of 570 patients were included, with a median age (interquartile range) of 68 (59-76), among whom 180 (31.6%) were female. Among these patients, 354 (62.1%) underwent acute CAS and 244 (47.4%) had a favorable functional outcome. The remaining 216 (37.9%) patients were in the non-CAS group. The CAS group had significantly higher rates of successful reperfusion (91.2% vs 85.1%; p = 0.025) and favorable functional outcomes (52% vs 29%; p = 0.003) compared with the non-CAS group. Successful reperfusion was a strong predictor of functional outcome (adjusted common odds ratio [acOR] 4.88; 95% CI 2.91-8.17; p < 0.001). Successful reperfusion partially mediated the relationship between acute CAS and functional outcome, as acute CAS remained significantly associated with functional outcome after adjustment for successful reperfusion (acOR 1.89; 95% CI 1.27-2.83; p = 0.002). Successful reperfusion explained 25% (95% CI 3%-67%) of the relationship between acute CAS and functional outcome. DISCUSSION: In patients with TL undergoing EVT, successful reperfusion predicted favorable functional outcomes when CAS was performed compared with non-CAS. A considerable proportion (25%) of the treatment effect of acute CAS on functional outcome was found to be mediated by improvement of successful reperfusion rates.

Enhancing image quality in computed tomography angiography follow-ups after endovascular aneurysm repair: a comparative study of reconstruction techniques.

BACKGROUND: The image quality of computed tomography angiography (CTA) images following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is not satisfactory, since artifacts resulting from metallic implants obstruct the clear depiction of stent and isolation lumens, and also adjacent soft tissues. However, current techniques to reduce these artifacts still need further advancements due to higher radiation doses, longer processing times and so on. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the impact of utilizing Single-Energy Metal Artifact Reduction (SEMAR) alongside a novel deep learning image reconstruction technique, known as the Advanced Intelligent Clear-IQ Engine (AiCE), on image quality of CTA follow-ups conducted after EVAR. MATERIALS: This retrospective study included 47 patients (mean age ± standard deviation: 68.6 ± 7.8 years; 37 males) who underwent CTA examinations following EVAR. Images were reconstructed using four different methods: hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR), AiCE, the combination of HIR and SEMAR (HIR + SEMAR), and the combination of AiCE and SEMAR (AiCE + SEMAR). Two radiologists, blinded to the reconstruction techniques, independently evaluated the images. Quantitative assessments included measurements of image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), the longest length of artifacts (AL), and artifact index (AI). These parameters were subsequently compared across different reconstruction methods. RESULTS: The subjective results indicated that AiCE + SEMAR performed the best in terms of image quality. The mean image noise intensity was significantly lower in the AiCE + SEMAR group (25.35 ± 6.51 HU) than in the HIR (47.77 ± 8.76 HU), AiCE (42.93 ± 10.61 HU), and HIR + SEMAR (30.34 ± 4.87 HU) groups (p < 0.001). Additionally, AiCE + SEMAR exhibited the highest SNRs and CNRs, as well as the lowest AIs and ALs. Importantly, endoleaks and thrombi were most clearly visualized using AiCE + SEMAR. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison to other reconstruction methods, the combination of AiCE + SEMAR demonstrates superior image quality, thereby enhancing the detection capabilities and diagnostic confidence of potential complications such as early minor endleaks and thrombi following EVAR. This improvement in image quality could lead to more accurate diagnoses and better patient outcomes.

Endovascular treatment for 2 types of subclavian artery injury: A case report.

RATIONALE: Subclavian artery (SCA) injuries, though rare, carry significant morbidity and mortality risks due to significant blood loss causing hypovolemic shock. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment are crucial to minimize bleeding and associated morbidity. Recent advances in endovascular techniques offer faster and more accurate treatment options compared to traditional open surgical repair. This study demonstrates the efficacy of endovascular treatment in 2 cases of SCA injury and reviews its indications, limitations, and precautions. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 69-year-old man presented with a penetrating SCA injury from a steel bar, and a 38-year-old woman presented with a blunt SCA injury caused by a fall. Both patients were hemodynamically unstable upon presentation. DIAGNOSES: Both patients were diagnosed with SCA injuries. The man had a penetrating injury, while the woman had a blunt injury, both resulting in hemodynamic instability and significant risk of hypovolemic shock. INTERVENTIONS: Endovascular techniques, including the use of covered stent grafts, were employed to manage the injuries. These techniques allowed for rapid and efficient treatment, reducing the need for open surgical intervention. OUTCOMES: Both patients were successfully treated using endovascular methods and were discharged without any complications. The endovascular approach minimized blood loss, transfusion needs, and hospital stay. LESSONS: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of endovascular techniques in rapidly diagnosing, bridging, and definitively treating SCA injuries, suggesting their use as a first-line therapy.

Risk factors for recurrent biliary obstruction following endoscopic biliary stenting in patients with unresectable ampullary cancer: A multicenter retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: Unresectable ampullary cancer (AC) is a rare disease entity. The risk factors for recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) following endoscopic biliary stenting (EBS) for unresectable AC remain unknown. In this study we aimed to evaluate the cumulative RBO rate and to identify risk factors for RBO following palliative EBS in patients with unresectable AC. METHODS: This multicenter retrospective observational study enrolled consecutive patients with unresectable AC who had undergone palliative EBS between April 2011 and December 2021. The cumulative rate of and risk factors for RBO following palliative EBS were evaluated via multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The study analysis comprised 107 patients with a median age of 84 years (interquartile range 79-88 years). Plastic stents (PSs) and self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) were placed in 53 and 54 patients, respectively. Functional success was accomplished in 104 (97.2%) patients. Of these, RBO occurred in 62 (59.6%) patients, with obstruction and complete/partial migration occurring in 47 and 15 patients, respectively. The median time to RBO was 190 days. Multivariate analysis showed that PS was associated with a higher rate of RBO compared to SEMS (hazard ratio [HR] 2.48; P < 0.01) and that the presence of common bile duct stones/sludge immediately after EBS was an independent risk factor for RBO (HR 1.99; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The use of SEMS compared to PS during EBS reduced the time to RBO in patients with unresectable AC. Common bile duct stones/sludge immediately after EBS was a risk factor for RBO.

Exploring the biodegradability of candidate metallic intravascular stent materials using X-ray microfocus computed tomography: An in vitro study.

In vitro testing for evaluating degradation mode and rate of candidate biodegradable metals to be used as intravascular stents is crucial before going to in vivo animal models. In this study, we show that X-ray microfocus computed tomography (microCT) presents a key added value to visualize degradation mode and to evaluate degradation rate and material surface properties in 3D and at high resolution of large regions of interest. The in vitro degradation behavior of three candidate biodegradable stent materials was evaluated: pure iron (Fe), pure zinc (Zn), and a quinary Zn alloy (ZnAgCuMnZr). These metals were compared to a reference biostable cobaltchromium (CoCr) alloy. To compare the degradation mode and degradation rate evaluated with microCT, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) were included. We confirmed that Fe degrades very slowly but with desirable uniform surface corrosion. Zn degrades faster but exhibits localized deep pitting corrosion. The Zn alloy degrades at a similar rate as the pure Zn, but more homogeneously. However, the formation of deep internal dendrites was observed. Our study provides a detailed microCT-based comparison of essential surface and corrosion properties, with a structural characterization of the corrosion behavior, of different candidate stent materials in 3D in a non-destructive way.

Outcomes in acute carotid-related stroke eligible for mechanical reperfusion: SAFEGUARD-STROKE Registry.

BACKGROUND: Carotid-related strokes (CRS) are largely unresponsive to intravenous thrombolysis and are often large and disabling. Little is known about contemporary CRS referral pathways and proportion of eligible patients who receive emergency mechanical reperfusion (EMR). METHODS: Referral pathways, serial imaging, treatment data, and neurologic outcomes were evaluated in consecutive CRS patients presenting over 18 months in catchment area of a major carotid disease referral center with proximal-protected CAS expertise, on-site neurology, and stroke thrombectomy capability (Acute Stroke of CArotid Artery Bifurcation Origin Treated With Use oF the MicronEt-covered CGUARD Stent - SAFEGUARD-STROKE Registry; companion to SAFEGUARD-STROKE Study NCT05195658). RESULTS: Of 101 EMR-eligible patients (31% i.v.-thrombolyzed, 39.5% women, age 39-89 years, 94.1% ASPECTS 9-10, 90.1% pre-stroke mRS 0-1), 57 (56.4%) were EMR-referred. Referrals were either endovascular (Comprehensive Stroke Centre, CSC, 21.0%; Stroke Thrombectomy-Capable CAS Centre, STCC, 70.2%) or to vascular surgery (VS, 1.8%), with >1 referral attempt in 7.0% patients (CSC/VS or VS/CSC or CSC/VS/STCC). Baseline clinical and imaging characteristics were not different between EMR-treated and EMR-untreated patients. EMR was delivered to 42.6% eligible patients (emergency carotid surgery 0%; STCC rejections 0%). On multivariable analysis, non-tandem CRS was a predictor of not getting referred for EMR (OR 0.36; 95%CI 0.14-0.93, P=0.03). Ninety-day neurologic status was profoundly better in EMR-treated patients; mRS 0-2 (83.7% vs. 34.5%); mRS 3-5 (11.6% vs. 53.4%), mRS 6 (4.6% vs. 12.1%); P<0.001 for all. CONCLUSIONS: EMR-treatment substantially improves CRS neurologic outcomes but only a minority of EMR-eligible patients receive EMR. To increase the likelihood of brain-saving treatment, EMR-eligible stroke referral and management pathways, including those for CSC/VS-rejected patients, should involve stroke thrombectomy-capable centres with endovascular carotid treatment expertise.

[Effect and safety of self-draining ureteral stent with thread in kidney transplant reci-pients].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical safety and effectiveness of self-draining ureteral stent with thread in kidney transplant recipients in renal transplantation. METHODS: This study is a prospective cohort clinical study in the Department of Urology of Peking University People's Hospital from November 2022 to January 2024. The ureteral stent with thread group, in which a 2-0 Mersilene suture of 20-30 cm was used at the bladder end of the ureteral stent during the operation. On the 9th day after the operation, the suture attached to the end of the ureteral stent was expelled out of the urethral orifice with the urine when the catheter was removed. The ureteral stent could be removed along with the suture. As to the cystoscope group, a ureteral stent was routinely placed during kidney transplantation, and the ureteral stent was removed under local infiltration anesthesia through cystoscopy after the operation. The pain scores [numerical rating scale (NRS)-11] during catheter removal and the incidence of urinary tract infections were observed and compared between the two groups. t test was used to compare the pain scores of indwelling ureteral stents and ureteral stents removal between the two groups, and Chi-square test was used to compare the occurrence of urinary system complications within 3 months after operation between the two groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: As of March 2024, all the recipients were followed up for an average of 6 months (3 to 12 months) postoperatively. A total of 46 kidney transplantation patients were included, with 21 in the ureteral stent with thread group and 25 in the cystoscope group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in age distribution, male-to-female ratio, and deceased versus live donor grafts. Three months after renal transplantation, there were 15 cases of urinary tract infection in the cystoscope group and 4 cases in the ureteral stent with thread group (P=0.007). No significant urinary fistula, wound infection, or ureteral stenosis occurred in either group. No stent-related complications, stent migration, or stone formation were observed. The postoperative bladder spasm symptom scores for indwelling ureteral stents in the cystoscope group and the ureteral stent with thread group were 4.4±2.5 and 4.6±2.4, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (t=0.29, P=0.773). However, the pain scores during ureteral stent removal were 4.9±1.6 and 3.0±1.0 in the two groups, respectively, with a statistically significant diffe-rence (t=5.017, P < 0.001). The total costs of indwelling and removing ureteral stents in the cystoscopy group and the ureteral stent with thread group were 6 452.0 (5 539.5, 6 452.0) yuan and 3 225.0 (3 225.0, 3 225.0) yuan, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Compared with the conventional transplanted kidney ureteral stent, the self-discharge ureteral stent technique with sutures is simpler, has a shorter ureteral stent inlay time, reduces the symptoms of bladder spasms, significantly reduces the cost of catheterization, and has fewer postoperative urinary system complications. It is a worthy improved surgical method to be promoted.

Effect of perioperative tamsulosin on successful ureteral access sheath placement and stent-related symptom relief: A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effect of administering tamsulosin before surgery on the successful insertion of a 12/14 French (F) ureteral access sheath (UAS) during the procedure, as well as the impact of preoperative and postoperative tamsulosin use on symptoms related to the ureteral stent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a randomized, single-center, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial involving 200 patients who underwent unilateral retrograde intrarenal surgery. Patients received either tamsulosin (0.4 mg) or placebo 1 week before surgery until stent removal. Patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Group 1 received tamsulosin throughout the study period. Group 2 received tamsulosin before surgery and placebo after surgery. Group 3 received placebo before surgery and tamsulosin after surgery. Group 4 received placebo before and after surgery. The USSQ (Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire) was completed between postoperative days 7 and 14 immediately before stent removal. RESULTS: A total of 160 patients were included in this analysis. Their mean age was 55.0±11.0 years, and 48 patients (30.0%) were female. In the group that received preoperative tamsulosin, the success rate of 12/14F UAS deployment was significantly higher than that of the preoperative placebo group (88.0 vs. 75.3%, p=0.038). Preoperative and postoperative tamsulosin did not significantly alleviate symptoms related to the ureteral stent. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that preoperative administration of tamsulosin improved the success of larger-sized UAS, whereas preoperative and postoperative tamsulosin use did not significantly alleviate symptoms related to ureteral stents.

The role of ureteric indocyanine green fluorescence in colorectal surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Ureteric injury (UI) is an infrequent but serious complication of colorectal surgery. Prophylactic ureteric stenting is employed to avoid UI, yet its efficacy remains debated. Intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence imaging (ICG-FI) has been used to facilitate ureter detection. This study aimed to investigate the role of ICG-FI in identification of ureters during colorectal surgery and its impact on the incidence of UI. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study involving 556 consecutive patients who underwent colorectal surgery between 2018 and 2023 assessed the utility of routine prophylactic ureteric stenting with adjunctive ICG-FI. Patients with ICG-FI were compared to those without ICG-FI. Demographic data, operative details, and postoperative morbidity were analyzed. Statistical analysis included univariable regression. RESULTS: Ureteric ICG-FI was used in 312 (56.1%) patients, whereas 43.9% were controls. Both groups were comparable in terms of demographics except for a higher prevalence of prior abdominal surgeries in the ICG-FI group. Although intraoperative visualization was significantly higher in the ICG-FI group (95.3% vs 89.1%; p = 0.011), the incidence of UI was similar between groups (0.3% vs 0.8%; p = 0.585). Postoperative complications were similar between the two groups. Median stent insertion time was longer in the ICG-FI group (32 vs 25 min; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Ureteric ICG-FI improved intraoperative visualization of the ureters but was not associated with a reduced UI rate. Median stent insertion time increased with use of ureteric ICG-FI, but total operative time did not. Despite its limitations, this study is the largest of its kind suggesting that ureteric ICG-FI may be a valuable adjunct to facilitate  ureteric visualization during colorectal surgery.

Stent coating containing a charged silane coupling agent that regulates protein adsorption to confer antithrombotic and cell-adhesion properties.

The evolution of endovascular therapies, particularly in the field of intracranial aneurysm treatment, has been truly remarkable and is characterized by the development of various stents. However, ischemic complications related to thrombosis or downstream emboli pose a challenge for the broader clinical application of such stents. Despite advancements in surface modification technologies, an ideal coating that fulfills all the desired requirements, including anti-thrombogenicity and swift endothelialization, has not been available. To address these issues, we investigated a new coating comprising 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) with both anti-thrombogenic and cell-adhesion properties. We assessed the anti-thrombogenic property of the coating using an in vitro blood loop model by evaluating the platelet count and the level of the thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complex, and investigating thrombus formation on the surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We then assessed endothelial cell adhesion on the metal surfaces. In vitro blood tests revealed that, compared to a bare stent, the coating significantly inhibited platelet reduction and thrombus formation; more human serum albumin spontaneously adhered to the coated surface to block thrombogenic activation in the blood. Cell adhesion tests also indicated a significant increase in the number of cells adhering to the APTES-coated surfaces compared to the numbers adhering to either the bare stent or the stent coated with an anti-fouling phospholipid polymer. Finally, we performed an in vivo safety test by implanting coated stents into the internal thoracic arteries and ascending pharyngeal arteries of minipigs, and subsequently assessing the health status and vessel patency of the arteries by angiography over the course of 1 week. We found that there were no adverse effects on the pigs and the vascular lumens of their vessels were well maintained in the group with APTES-coated stents. Therefore, our new coating exhibited both high anti-thrombogenicity and cell-adhesion properties, which fulfill the requirements of an implantable stent.

Routine intraoperative ureteric stenting for kidney transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND: Major urological complications (MUCs) after kidney transplantation contribute to patient morbidity and compromise graft function. The majority arise from vesicoureteric anastomosis and present early after transplantation. Ureteric stents have been successfully used to treat such complications. A number of centres have adopted a policy of universal prophylactic stenting at the time of graft implantation to reduce the incidence of urine leaks and ureteric stenosis. Stents are associated with specific complications, and some centres advocate a policy of only stenting selected anastomoses. This is an update of our review, first published in 2005 and last updated in 2013. OBJECTIVES: To examine the benefits and harms of routine ureteric stenting to prevent MUCs in kidney transplant recipients. SEARCH METHODS: We contacted the Information Specialist and searched the Cochrane Kidney and Transplant's Specialised Register (up to 19 June 2024) using search terms relevant to this review. Studies in the Register are identified through searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, conference proceedings, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) Search Portal, and ClinicalTrials.gov. SELECTION CRITERIA: Our meta-analysis included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs designed to examine the impact of using stents for kidney transplant recipients. We aimed to include studies regardless of the type of graft, the technique of ureteric implantation, or the patient group. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Summary estimates of effect were obtained using a random-effects model, and results were expressed as risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Confidence in the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. MAIN RESULTS: Twelve studies (1960 patients) were identified. One study was deemed to be at low risk of bias across all domains. The remaining 11 studies were of low or medium quality, with a high or unclear risk of bias in at least one domain. Universal prophylactic ureteric stenting versus control probably reduces major urological complications (11 studies: 1834 participants: RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.55; P < 0.0001; I2 = 16%; moderate certainty evidence; number needed to treat (17)); this benefit was confirmed in the only study deemed to be at low risk of bias across all domains. This benefit was also seen for the individual components of urine leak and ureteric obstruction. Universal prophylactic ureteric stent insertion reduces the risk of MUC in the subgroup of studies with short duration (≤ 14 days) of stenting (2 studies, 480 participants: RR 0.39, 95% CI CI 0.21 to 0.72; P = 0.003; I2 = 0%) and where stenting was continued for > 14 days (8 studies, 124 participants: RR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.61; P = 0.004; I2 = 29%). It is uncertain whether stenting has an impact on the development of urinary tract infection (UTI) (10 studies, 1726 participants: RR 1.32, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.80; P = 0.07; I² = 60%; very low certainty evidence due to risk of bias, heterogeneity and imprecision). Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of UTI did not increase if short-duration stenting was used (9 days) and that there was no impact on UTI risk when the prophylactic antibiotic regime co-trimoxazole 480 mg/day was used. Stents appear generally well tolerated, although studies using longer stents (≥ 20 cm) for longer periods (> 6 weeks) had more problems with encrustation and migration. There was no evidence that the presence of a stent resulted in recurrent or severe haematuria (8 studies, 1546 participants: RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.59 to 2.00; P = 0.79; I2 = 33%). The impact of stents on graft and patient survival and other stent-related complications remains unclear as these outcomes were either poorly reported or not reported at all. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Routine prophylactic stenting probably reduces the incidence of MUCs, even when the duration of stenting is short (≤ 14 days). Further high-quality studies are required to assess optimal stent duration. Studies comparing selective stenting and universal prophylactic stenting, whilst difficult to design and analyse, would address the unresolved quality of life and economic issues.

Ischemic Heart Disease with In-Stent Re-Stenosis with Complete Heart Block and Isolated Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava - Rare Case Report with Challenges and Clinical Implications.

ABSTRACT: Isolated persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a very rare congenital thoracic venous system anomaly and is commonly an incidental finding, usually detected during central venous access, cardiac catheterization, or cardiothoracic surgeries. This is a rare case report wherein the patient is a known case of ischemic heart disease with s/p percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with a stent to left anterior descending (LAD) artery with in-stent re-stenosis presented with complete heart block and had an unanticipated discovery of isolated PLSVC on facing difficulty during the transvenous approach of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI). In this case report, we inspect the challenges associated with and various clinical implications of isolated PLSVC.

Carotid revascularisation versus medical treatment for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis.

OBJECTIVES: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To compare the safety and efficacy of carotid revascularisation plus best medical treatment with best medical treatment alone in people with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis.

Development and validation of a predictive model for double-J stent encrustation after upper urinary tract calculi surgery.

The study is aimed to establish a predictive model of double-J stent encrustation after upper urinary tract calculi surgery. We collected the clinical data of 561 patients with indwelling double-J tubes admitted to a hospital in Shandong Province from January 2019 to December 2020 as the modeling group and 241 cases of indwelling double-J tubes from January 2021 to January 2022 as the verification group. Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were used to explore risk factors, the risk prediction equation was established, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis model was used for prediction. In this study, 104 of the 561 patients developed double-J stent encrustation, with an incidence rate of 18.5%. We finally screened out BMI (body mass index) > 23.9 (OR = 1.648), preoperative urine routine white blood cell quantification (OR = 1.149), double-J tube insertion time (OR = 1.566), postoperative water consumption did not reach 2000 ml/d (OR = 8.514), a total of four factors build a risk prediction model. From the ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.844, and the maximum Oden index was 0.579. At this time, the sensitivity was 0.735 and the specificity was 0.844. The research established in this study has a high predictive value for the occurrence of double-J stent encrustation in the double-J tube after upper urinary tract stone surgery, which provides a basis for the prevention and treatment of double-J stent encrustation.